Reliable Quality Analysis of Indian Basmati Rice Using Image Processing

Reliable Quality Analysis of Indian Basmati Rice Using Image Processing

Author 1st Priyadarshini Patil

Department of computer science and engineering VTU PG Centre Gulbarga.

Abstract Image processing techniques have been applied increasingly for food quality evaluation in recent years. The basic problem of rice industry for quality assessment is defined which is traditionally done manually by human inspector. Hence a solution for quality evaluation and grading of rice industry using computer vision and image processing is proposed. Machine vision provides one alternative for an automated, reliable and cost-effective technique. Thresholding-based and classification- based methods for image segmentation; size, shape, color, and texture features for object measurement; and k-means technique is used for classification. The promise of image processing techniques for food quality evaluation is demonstrated for counting the number of basmati rice seeds with long as well as small seeds. A Knowledge-based classifier is used to identify the unknown grain types. The shape, size, textural features are presented to the knowledge based classifier decision purposes. The knowledge is then used to identify the unknown grain types (foreign elements).

Keywords: Machine Vision, Computer Vision, Quality, Image Processing, Image Analysis, ISEF Edge Detection Combined Measurements.

1. INTRODUCTION

   Basmati Rice is one of the most important and popular cereal grain crops of India the ever increasing population losses the quality of basmati rice and has distinct effect on the yield of rice, so the proper inspection of basmati rice quality is very important [1]. During grain handling operations, information on grain type and grain quality is required at several stages before the next course of operation can be determined and performed. The varietals purity is one of the factors whose inspection is more difficult and more complicated than that of other factors. In the present grain handling system, grain type and quality are rapidly assessed by visual inspection. This evaluation process is, however, tedious and time consuming. The decision-making capabilities of a grain inspector can be seriously affected by his/her physical condition such as fatigue and eyesight, mental state caused by biases and work pressure, and working conditions such as improper lighting, climate, etc. The farmers are affected by this manual activity. Hence, these tasks require automation and develop imaging systems that can be helpful to identify rice grain images, rectify it & then being analyzed.

   The agricultural industry is probably too oldest and most widespread industry in the world. In this hi-tech uprising, an agricultural industry has become more intellectual and

   automatic machinery has replaced the human effort. In India to overcome the need of ever-increasing population it is necessary to make advancement in agricultural industry. Due to automation need of high quality and safety standards achieved with accurate, fast and cost effective quality determination of agricultural products. Quality control is of major importance in the food industry because after harvesting, based on quality parameter a food product has been sorted and graded in different grades. Traditionally quality of food product is defined from its physical and chemical properties by human sensory panel which is time consuming, may be varying results and costly.

   Machine vision is one of the important advanced technological field where significant developments have been made. Machine vision attempts to impersonate sensory perception of human beings viz. vision, touch, smell, taste, hearing etc. Efforts are being geared towards the replacement of traditional human sensory panel with automated systems, as human operations are inconsistent and less efficient.

   Scientists have successfully endowed computers with machine vision by digital cameras and machines. Extreme research is in progress all over the country on application of electronic eye and nose in food, beverage and agricultural industry. Many industries have come up with the same but its quite costly.

   In India to overcome the need of ever increasing population it is necessary to make advancement in agricultural industry. Due to automation need of high quality and safety standards achieved with accurate, fast and cost effective quality determination of agricultural products. Quality control is of major importance in the food industry because after harvesting, based on quality parameter a food product has been sorted and graded in different grades. Traditionally quality of food product is defined from its physical and chemical properties by human sensory panel which is time consuming, may be varying results and costly. Hence this work helps in providing the solution to major agriculture problems.

   The main goal of our project is counting the number of seeds with long seed, small seed, normal seed and the foreign elements using image processing with a high degree of quality and then quantify the same for the rice seeds based on combined measurements

   This paper presents a solution to the problem faced by Indian Rice industry, Section 2 discusses the Particular problem of

   quality evaluation of Basmati Rice seed . Section 3 talks about the materials and methods proposed for calculating parameters for the quality of rice seeds .The proposed system and proposed algorithm for computing Rice seed with long seed as well as small seed being present in the sample is also discussed in the same section. Section 4 discusses the quantification for the quality of rice seeds based on image processing and analysis. Section 5 discusses results based on quality analysis. Section 6 provides the conclusion of the proposed process.

2. PROBLEM DEFINITION

In agricultural industry quality assessment of product is main problem. Nowadays, the quality of grain seed has been determined manually through a visual inspection by experienced technicians. So it requires high degree of accuracy to satisfy customer need of high level quality as well as correctness for a reliable quality evaluation method which is proposed based on image processing.

Figure1: Basmati Rice Seeds

Figure 2: Basmati Rice seed with Foreign elements

Basmati rice seed contains long as well as small seed as shown in Figure 1. These seeds are having very much importance in quantifying quality.At the time of processing these seeds are removed. Proper removal of this seed is Necessary if it is not so then it creates degradation in quality of rice seed. This paper proposes a new method for counting the number of Basmati rice seeds with these foreign elements as shown in Figure 2 contains foreign elements with the presence of other grains based on combined measurements.

III MATERIALS AND METHODS

It is a methodology in which the image of few basmati rice samples may be acquired by creating a flat layer of grain. The sample grain images have been rectified by being scaled, enhanced and then segmented. We use area, major axis length, minor axis length and eccentricity of rice seed for counting the number of basmati rice seeds with long seed, small seed and normal seed.

1. System Description and Operating Procedure:

   In our proposed system there is a camera, which is mounted on the top of the box at point The camera is having 12-mega pixels quality with 8X optical zoom. After capturing images of rice seed by camera is stored for further processing.

   Steps

   1. Spread the samples of tobacco uniformly on the tray to avoid ovelapping of

      samples.

   2. Capture the image with the help of digital camera (Sony- DSC W210).

   3. Pre-processing the Image in computer.

   4. Display number of foreign elements on screen based on measured parameters.

   5. Repeat the steps 1 to 4 for 10 to 12 samples.

   : ii) Proposed algorithm to detect rice seeds with long and small seeds:

   According to our proposed algorithm first capture image of sample spread on the

   black or butter paper using camera. Proposed Algorithm

   STEPS

   1. Acquire the image

   2. Convert the RGB image to gray image

   3. Apply the edge detection operation

   4. Calculate the Geometric parameters.

   5. Based on these parameters classify rice seed into three parts namely normal, long, small rice seeds and foreign elements.

   6. Display the count of normal, long and small rice seeds on screen

2. ISEF Edge Detection:

The edge can be detected by any of template based edge detector but Shen-Castan Infinite symmetric exponential filter based edge detector is an optimal edge detector like canny edge detector which gives optimal filtered image[18]. First the whole image will be filtered by the recursive ISEF filter in X direction and in Y direction. Then the Laplacian image can be approximated by subtracting the filtered image from the original image. For thinning purpose apply non maxima suppression as it is used in canny for false zero crossing. The gradient at the edge pixel is either a maximum or a minimum. Now gradient applied image has been thinned, and the problem of Streaking can be eliminated by thresholding with Hysteresis. Finally thinning is applied to make edge of single pixel.

Step1: Apply ISEF Filter in X and Y direction

Step2: Apply Binary Laplacian and Non Maxima Suppression Technique

Step3: Find the Gradient

Step4: Apply hysteresis Thresholding Step5: Thinning

iv) Parameter calculation

Here we are extracting five parameters area, major axis length, minor axis length, eccentricity and circularity for differentiating normal rice seed from long seed as well as

small seed and the foreign elements The area A of any object in an image is defined by total number of pixels enclosed by boundary of the object

The major axis length N of an image is defined as the length (in pixels) of the major axis of the ellipse that has the same normalized second central moments as the region The minor axis length M of an image is defined as the length (in pixels) of the minor axis of the ellipse that has the same normalized second central moments as the region. The eccentricity is the ratio of the distance between the foci of the ellipse and its major axis length. The value is between 0 and 1

MAJOR AXIS

Figure 3: Histogram showing major axis of Basmati Rice seeds

MINOR AXIS

Figure 4: Histogram showing minor axis of Basmati Rice seeds

ECCENTRICITY

Figure 5:Histogram showing eccentricity of Basmati Rice seeds

AREA

Figure 6 : Histogram showing area of Basmati Rice seeds

Figure 7: Represents RGB image

Figure 8: Represents Gray scale image

Figure 9: Represents Edge detected

image.

IV RESULT ANALYSIS

Classification of rice seeds can be done based on assessment of parameters like area,major axis,minor axis and eccentricity.The original image,gray scale image, and image after performing edge detection operations are discussed.

Table 1: Analysis for Several Seed available in one Sample

Table 2: Result analysis of various samples based on algorithm

Table 3: Result analysis of various samples based on percentage value

Table 4: Result analysis of various samples based on human sensory Evaluation panel

Table 5: Result analysis of various samples based on percentage value of human sensory evaluation

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

This paper illustrates new method, which is nondestructive for quality analysis. Here we present a quality analysis of Basmati rice seeds via image analysis. We are calculating area, major axis length, minor axis length and eccentricity for counting normal seed and foreign element in terms of long as well as small seed for a given sample. Traditionally quality evaluation and assessment is done by human sensory panel which is time consuming, may be variation in results and costly. For quality analysis, more parameters can be calculated to make results that are more accurate.

For quality analysis, more parameters can be calculated to make results that are more accurate by using soft computing classification can be possible for any unknown sample.

REFERENCES

1. Chetna Maheshwari, Kavindra Jain, chintan Modi, Novel approach for Oryza sativa L. (Rice) based on machine vision technology, PEPCCI,

   NationalConference, ISBN No.-978- 93-81286-06-7,302-308, 2012

2. Abdullah MZ, Fathinul-Syahir AS, Mohd-Azemi BMN, Automated inspection system for color and shape grading of Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) using machine vision Sensor, Transactions of the Institute

   of Measurement and Control, 27 (2), 65-87, 2005.

3. Kavindra Jain, Chintan K. Modi, Kunal Pithadiya, Non Destructive quality evaluation in spice industry with specific reference to Cuminum Cyminum L (Cumin) seeds, International Conference on Innovations & Industrial Applications, Malaysia, (IEEE) 2009.

4. Blasco J, Aleixos N, Molt E, Machine vision system for automatic quality grading of fruit, Biosystems Engineering, 85 (4), 415-423, 2003.

5. Du C-J, Sun D-W, Learning techniques used in computer vision for food quality evaluation: a review, Journal of Food Engineering, 72(1), 39-55, 2006..

6. Ballard, D. A., & Brown, C. M. Computer vision. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall ,1982.

7. Xiaopei Hu, ParmeshwaraK.M.,DavidV. Development Of Non Destructive Methods To Evaluate Oyster Quality By Electronic Nose Technology.Springer Science Business Media, LLC,2008.

8. Batchelor BG, Lighting and viewing techniques In Automated Visual Inspection, (Bachelor BG, Hill DA, Hodgson DC, Eds)Bedford: IFS Publication Ltd, pp.103-179, 1985. [6] Blasco J, Aleixos N, Molt E, Machine vision system for automatic quality grading of fruit, Biosystems Engineering, 85 (4), 415-423, 2003.

9. Du CJ, Sun D-W, Recent development in the applications of image processing techniques for food quality evaluation.Trends in Food Science and Technology, 15,230-249, 2004.

10. Gan TH, Pallav P, Hutchins DA , Non-contact ultrasonicquality

    measurements of food products. Journal of Food Engineering, 77 (2), 239- 247, 2005.

11. Kavindra Jain, Chintan K. Modi, Kunal Pithadiya, Non Destructive quality evaluation in spice industry with specific reference to Cuminum Cyminum L (Cumin) seeds, International Conference on Innovations & Industrial Applications, Malaysia, (IEEE) 2009.

12. M. Kurita and N. Kondo, Agriculture product grading method by image processing (part 1) effectiveness of direct lighting method, J. SHITA 18(1): 9-17, 2006.

13. Rohit R. Parmar, Kavindra R.Jain, Dr.Chintan K.Modi, Image Morphological operation based quality analysis of coriander seed (Coriandrumsatavum L.), ETNCC (International Conference on Emerging Trends in Network and Computer Communications), 2011.

14. ShenCastan, Sian Zhao,A Comparitive study of Performance of Noisy roof edge detection 5th International conference on Computer analysis of Images and Patterns, volu.179,pp 170-174.

15. Siriluk Sansomboonsuk and Nitin Afzulpurkar, Machine Vision for Rice Quality Evaluation, Technology and Innovation for Sustainable Development Conference (TISD) pp: 343-346