A Systematic Approach Towards Public Health and Sanitation for a Suburban Area – A Case Study of Dhayari, Pune

A Systematic Approach Towards Public Health and Sanitation for a Suburban Area – A Case Study of Dhayari, Pune

Padolkar A. A.¹, Salunkhe M. A.¹

¹Department of Civil Engineering, Sinhgad Institute of Technology and Science,

Narhe, Pune (MS), India 411041.

Abstract: The total quantity of solid waste generated in the Pune city (Pune Municipal Corporation) is estimated to be around 1500 Tonnes Per Day (TPD) in which Dhayari contributes to 25 TPD excluding the area under Dhayari Gram Panchayat. In absence of appropriate systems, inadequate institutional arrangement and poor financial health of urban local bodies, suburbs are following rudimentary methods of waste disposal creating problem to the public health and environmental sanitation. In present study, a comprehensive review of the characteristics, generation, collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) practiced in Dhayari is reviewed. The urban agglomeration is also one of the concerns that should be considered in MSW management capacity of the respective city. In the present case study, the solid waste management system for Dhayari is mainly concentrated in the study which eventually affects the public health and sanitation of the area.

Key words: MSW, PMC, MSWM system, Dhayari, TPD, etc.

1. INTRODUCTION:

   1. Present scenario of solid waste management in Pune:

      The Pune city generates the waste at a rate of 0.12 kg/c/day. The last 5 years waste generation and expenditure for solid waste management is as shown in fig.1.1.

      Trends in budget provision and waste generation in Pune

      Trends in budget provision and waste generation in Pune

      4000

      3500

      3000

      2500

      2000

      1500

      1000

      500

      0

      4000

      3500

      3000

      2500

      2000

      1500

      1000

      500

      0

      2010-11

      2011-12

      2012-13

      2013-14

      2014-15

      2010-11

      2011-12

      2012-13

      2013-14

      2014-15

      MT/DAY

      PMC BUDGET YEAR

      AMOUNT IN RS. (CRORES)

      MT/DAY

      PMC BUDGET YEAR

      AMOUNT IN RS. (CRORES)

      Fig.1.1: Trends in budget provision and waste generation in Pune.

      Physical composition of waste generated in Pune

      Physical composition of waste generated in Pune

      6%

      22%

      5%

      3%

      5%

      6%

      22%

      5%

      3%

      5%

      25%

      33%

      25%

      33%

      1%

      1%

      Paper Plastic Metal Glass Organic Leather/Rubber Inert Material Miscellanious

      Paper Plastic Metal Glass Organic Leather/Rubber Inert Material Miscellanious

      Fig.1.2: Physical composition of waste generated in Pune.

      Fig 1.3: Study Area- Dhayari, Pune.

      The fig.1.1 illustrates that the expenditure allocated for solid waste management of the city increase with respect to time; whereas it should decrease. The physical composition is as shown in fig.1.2.

   2. Study area:

   Dhayari is a suburb of Pune, Maharashtra, India. It is approximately 13 kilometers from Pune. It is a part of ward no. 54, PMC. The fig. given below shows the study area, i.e. Dhayari.

   Table 1.1: The collected data about the study area

   Sr. No.	Particulars	Details
   1.	Name of Village	Dhayari
   2.	Area (hectare)	1241
   3.	Census population (2011)	44,678
   4.	Projected population (2021)	56,936
   5.	Geographical features	Altitude- 560 m above MSL Latitude-1826'44"N Longitude- 7348'38"E
   6.	Climatic features	Annual average rainfall – 722 mm

   The suitability of the study area is discussed as follows:

   1. The economic development of Dhayari is faster than Pune city.

   2. It is connected to Sinhgad road, Sinhgad fort, DSK Vishwa (residential society), Bangalore-Pune expressway. 3)The Khadakwasala canal passes by the village.

   4)It is a naturally self-sufficient village and its industrial growth rate is higher.

2. METHODOLOGY:

   1. Waste generation:

      The generation and classification of waste is as shown in tables below:

      Table no. 2.1: Generation of biodegradable waste.

      BIODEGRADABLE WASTE
      VEHICLE NO.	28	89
      DAY	QUANTITY
      Thursday	2910	3015
      Friday	3460	3625
      Saturday	3360	3875
      Monday	4575	5010
      Tuesday	4055	4995
      Wednesday	3300	4100
      Thursday	3700	3895
      Total	25360	28515
      Average	3625	4075
      Total average generation	7700 kg/day

      Table no. 2.2: Generation of dry waste.

      DRY WASTE
      VEHICLE NO. 587
      DAY	QUANTITY
      Thursday	4010
      Friday	8375
      Saturday	4945
      Monday	5735
      Tuesday	7200
      Wednesday	4945
      Thursday	4450
      Total	39660
      Average	5666
      Total average generation	5666 kg/day

      Table no. 2.3: Generation of mixed waste.

      MIXED WASTE
      VEHICLE NO.	216
      LOCATION	QUANTITY
      S.T.D.	1460
      S.T.D.	1800
      S.T.D.	1870
      Savitri Garden (DSK road)	1550
      Mandai	2120
      Mandai	2230
      Total	39660
      Average	5666
      Total average generation	11030kg/day

      Thus, total per day generation is calculated as follows: Total waste = (Biodegradable + Dry +Mixed)

      = (5666 + 7700 + 11030)

      = 24396 24400 kg/ day

      = 20-25 tonnes / day (collected by corporation only) Per capita generation of waste can be calculated as: Per capita generation = (25000/44678) *1000

      = 0.56 kg/capita/day

   2. Waste collection:

      Table no. 2.4 Details of collection timings of vehicles

      Once a day

      VEHICLE	TIMING	FREQUENCY
      28(PMC)	8:00 am-10:00 am
      89(PMC)	9:00 am-11:00 am	Once a day
      587(PMC)	9.00 am-1.00 pm	Once a day
      TATA 407 dumper placer(PMC)	10.00am-4.00 pm	Thrice a day
      Tractor(DGP)	–	–
      TATA Ace hopper (DGP)	–	–

   3. Waste treatment & Disposal:

   The total waste generated in the Pune city goes under the various treatments at various places. The table given below illustrates the processing techniques used for the treatment of the waste which is estimated to be around 2000 TPD.

   Table no.2.5: Waste processing plants used for the disposal of waste in Pune.

   Name of Operator	Capacity	Output
   Hanjer Biotech-Urali Devachi	1000 TPD	Composting, RDF
   Disha Waste Management	100 TPD	Vermi-composting
   Ajinkya Biofert	200 TPD	Vermi-composting
   Rochem	700 TPD	Electricity (10 MW)
   Biogas and compost	100 TPD	Electricity and Compost

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

   The overall scenario of the solid waste management of the case study can be shown in a tabular form as follows:

   Table no.3.1: Overall scenario of solid waste management in Dhayari, Pune.

   Areas of Waste Management	Responsible Agency
   Door to door collection	Private
   Street sweeping	PMC
   Drain cleaning	PMC
   Primary collection	Private
   Secondary collection	PMC
   Waste transportation	PMC
   Waste treatment	PMC+Private
   Waste disposal	Private

   The above table shows the participation of private sector in the solid waste management for the study area Dhayari. The overall coverage of the service of waste collection is not 100 percent. The status of solid waste management needs to be improved considerably in the area under Gram Panchayat.

4. CONCLUSION:

One of the areas that need immediate and urgent attention is the disposal of waste. The waste collected by Dhayari Gram Panchayat being dumped crudely, the quality of environment is deteriorating rapidly. Landfill sites need to be identified and developed on a priority basis and waste treatment facilities (e.g. composting) need to be developed

on scientific lines. Decentralization of waste management, wherever possible, should be resorted to in order to reduce the quantity of waste that needs to be transported and also the land requirement for waste treatment. Waste segregation at source and recycling of waste should be encouraged. Waste reduction and recycling should be promoted at the household and neighborhood level.

Since there is no separate account maintained for solid waste management, it is difficult to assess the financial condition of the service and suggest improvements. At the same time, new sources of revenue in solid waste management such as fine for littering, user charges for bulk waste generators and other commercial establishments, user charges for domestic

waste collection (door-to-door) and levying of tipping fees should be considered by local governments for improving revenue from this service. The following recommendations can be considered for the improvement of the waste management system:

1. Three Rs of solid waste management i.e. reduce, reuse and recycle must be adopted by all urban centers. This will help in reducing the quantum of solid waste that the local governments have to deal with.

2. Crude/open dumping of waste must be completely discouraged by engaging in controlled tipping.

3. Landfill sites should be identified that are usable. In order to reduce the quantity of waste that goes to landfill sites, waste treatment such as neighborhood composting and recycling of waste must be encouraged.

4. Plans to improve cost recovery from this service must be made by every local government. New sources of revenue generation must be thought of.

5. Peoples participation must be encouraged to keep cities clean and Non-Government Organizations must be used to do information, education and communication work in communities.

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8. Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000.