Experimental Analysis on Concrete as Partial Replacement of Eggshell & Cal-Sil Powder

Experimental Analysis on Concrete as Partial Replacement of Eggshell & Cal-Sil Powder

A. Bharath Kumar

UG Student Dept Of Civil Engg

Vaigai College Of Engg Madurai,India

N. Karthic

UG Student Dept of Civil Engg,

Vaigai College Of Engg Madurai,India

1. Murlidharan R. Ranjit Kumar

   UG Student UG Student

   Dept of Civil Engg Dept of Civil Engg

   Vaigai College of Engg Madurai,India

   Vaigai College of Engg Madurai, India

   Under Guidance of: J. Ibrahim

   Assistant Professor Dept of Civil Engg Vaigai College of Engg Madurai, India

   Abstract The aim of this project is to prevent the pollution of environment by the improper disposal of the Eggshell waste, a remain from eggshells domestic waste such as schools, restaurant, bakeries, homes and fast food hotels, by using it as an additive material inform of ash & powder in conventional concrete with grade M20 since it is normally used in construction sites.

   This project concentrates on mix design, material testing of ingredients of concrete such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and eggshell powder and eggshell ash and cal-sil powder. Concrete cubes and cylinders with various trail percentages of eggshell powder, eggshell ash, cal-sil powder are casted.

   Cal-sil powder is the new methodology that the producing calcium silicate from wastes, Calcium silicate gives the good bonding between the aggregate and cement paste, so it is produced by the mixture of glass powder & egg shell ash.

   All the results obtained are compared with the conventional ones and the results are consolidated.

   Keywords Cal-Sil powder, eggshell ash, egg shell powder, compressive strength, split tensile strength.

   1. INTRODUCTION

      Throughout the world, concrete is being widely used for the construction of most of the buildings, bridges etc. Hence, it has been properly labeled as the back bone to the infrastructure development of a nation. To meet this rapid infrastructure development a huge quantity of concrete is required. Unfortunately, India is not self-sufficient in the production of cement, the main ingredient of concrete and the demand for exceeds the supply and makes the construction activities very costlier. Hence, currently, the entire construction industry is in

      search of a suitable and effective the waste product that would consider minimizes the use of cement and ultimately reduces the construction cost.

      A large number of food plants are constantly accumulating substantial quantities of eggshell waste. This natural solid waste, although non-hazardous, is directly disposed in the environment. As a consequence, a huge problem of pollution is generated.

      A Portland cement is composed of major oxides: lime (CaO), Silica (SiO2), Alumina (Al2O3) and Iron (Fe2O3).The lime gives the strength to concrete, Eggshell is rich in the lime so it is used as the replacement of binder in concrete. In construction, concrete is a composite building material made from the combination of aggregate and a cement binder. The most common form of concrete consists of Portland cement, mineral aggregates (generally gravel and sand) and water.

      Concrete does not solidify from drying after mixing and placement; the water reacts with the cement in a chemical process known as hydration. This water is absorbed by cement, which hardens, gluing the other components together and eventually creating a stone-like material. When used in the generic sense, this is the material referred to by the term concrete. This project is about the effective use of the material eggshell as an additive in conventional concrete.

      India is second largest Eggshell powder has not being in use as a stabilizing material and it could be a good replacement for industrial lime, since its chemical composition is similar to that of lime. Chicken eggshell is a waste material from domestic sources such as poultries, hatcheries, restaurants, bakeries, homes and fast food joints. Eggshell waste falls

      within the category of waste food; they are materials from the preparation of foods and drinks. In recent years, special attention to public health, contamination of waste resources and polluting the environment.

   2. BACKGROUND AND RELATED WORK

      Earlier works on the combination concrete conducted by scholars have led us to the point that the egg shell powder can be used as a supplement for industrial lime. In their article Effect of Eggshell powder on the stabilizing potential of Lime on an Expansive clay soil by O.O. Amu, A.B. Fajobi and B.O. Oke Department of Civil Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University. There were also studies on using Eggshell powder in wall tile materials. Eggshell powder is rich in caco3. Based on the researches conducted by M. N. Freire, J. N. F. Holanda in their article Characterization of avian eggshell waste aiming its use in a ceramic wall tile paste. Opine that the eggshell waste rich in caco3 can be used as an alternative raw material in the production of wall tile material.

   3. MATERIALS USED AND PROPERTIES:

      1. Cement:

         Ordinary Portland cement of grade43 is used in this project as per IS8112-1989.The properties of cement used are

         Specific gravity	3.12
         Fineness modulus	3.2%
         Initial setting time	34mins
         Final setting time	350mins

      2. Fine aggregate:

         The river sand (Natural) has been used in this project as per IS383-1970.The properties of the fine aggregate are

         Specific gravity	2.63
         Fineness modulus	2.69%
         Water absorption	0.51%

      3. Coarse aggregate:

         The coarse aggregate size of 20mm angular is used in this project .The properties of the coarse aggregate are

         Specific gravity	2.63
         Fineness modulus	2.69%
         Water absorption	0.51%

      4. Eggshell ash:

         Eggshells are collected from government schools, hotels etc. and dried in sunlight. The Collected eggshells are ignited with kerosene and the eggshell ash has been collected.

         The properties of the eggshell ash are

         Specific gravity	2.75
         Fineness modulus	6.7%

      5. Egg shell powder

         Egg shell which is collected from government schools, hotels and dried in sunlight. Collected eggshells are powdered by the grinder.

         Fig 2: Preparation Of Eggshell Powder

         The properties of eggshell powder are

         Specific gravity	3
         Fineness modulus	5.9%

      6. Cal-Sil Powder

         The eggshell is collected from government schools, hotels etc. Collected eggshells are ignited with kerosene and eggshell ash is prepared. The glass wastes are broken and glass powder is prepared. The eggshell ash and glass powder is mixed. Mixed powder is kept in oven at above 350 deg.cel.

         The properties of cal-sil powder are

         Specific gravity	2.67
         Fineness modulus	5.9%

      7. Water

      Fig 3: Preparation Of Glas Powder

      Fig 1: Preparation Of Eggshell Ash

      In this project, the ordinary portable water is used for both mixing and curing.

   4. MIX DESIGN

      1. DESIGN FOR MIX CONCRETE Characteristics compressive strength = 20N/mm2 Required in field after 28 days

         Maximum size of aggregate = 20 mm (angular) Degree of workability = 0.9

         Degree of quality control = Good Type of exposure = Mild Grade of concrete- M20

      2. TARGET STRENGTH

         Target strength, Ft=fck + ts

         =20+ (1.65×4)

         =26.6

      3. WATER CONTENT:

         Water-cement ratio=0.5

         Estimated water content=186+186 x 3/100

         =191.6 kg/m3

      4. CEMENT CONTENT:

         Cement content=191.58/0.5=383.2 kg/m3

      5. FINE AGGREGATE CONTENT:

         Water	Cement	Fine Aggregate	Coarse Aggregate
         191.61 kg/m3	383 kg/m3	727 kg/m3	1103 kg/m3
         0.5	1	1.5	3.3

         Water	Cement	Fine Aggregate	Coarse Aggregate
         191.61 kg/m3	383 kg/m3	727 kg/m3	1103 kg/m3
         0.5	1	1.5	3.3

         V=w+c/sc+1/p+fa/sfa x 1/100, V=0.98 Fine aggregate=727 kg/m3

      6. COARSE AGGREGATE CONTENT:

         Coarse aggregate=1-p/p x fa x sca/sfa

         =1-0.33/0.33 x 586.2 x 2.75/2.68

         = 1103 kg/m3

   5. CASTING OF SPECIMENS

      The concrete is mixed as per mix design for the all concrete. The mixture is casted in cubes has dimension of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm and cylinder has dimension of 150mm diameter and 300mm height. The moulds were casted and compacted on table vibrator. Demoulding was done after 24 hours of casting and specimens are cured in water tank.

      Percentage	Eggshell ash concrete	Eggshell powder concrete	Cal-sil concrete
      5	30.67	31.11	32.00
      10	30.00	30.22	31.11
      15	28.67	27.56	30.22

      Percentage	Eggshell ash concrete	Eggshell powder concrete	Cal-sil concrete
      5	30.67	31.11	32.00
      10	30.00	30.22	31.11
      15	28.67	27.56	30.22

      Fig 4: Casting Of Concrete

      1. Mix Proportion

      TABLE 1: MIX DESIGN

      Cement is replaced by egg shell ash at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and fine aggregate is replaced by eggshell

      Powder at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and cement is replaced by cal-

      sil powder at 5%, 10%, and 15%.

   6. TESTING OF SPECIMEN

      1. Compressive strength of concrete

         The casted concrete is cured in tank which consists full of water for 28 days, the concrete is tested in CTM. The tests are done for 7days and 28 days as shown in fig.

   7. RESULTS AND COMPARISION

      Chart 1 represents the comparision of compressive strength of the eggshell ash concrete , eggshell powder concrete , cal-sil concrete in 7 days.

      Percentage	Eggshell ash concrete	Eggshell powder concrete	Cal-sil concrete
      5	21.11	20.44	21.77
      10	16.66	17.77	19.33
      15	14.44	17.33	18.22

      TABLE 2: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN 7DAYS

      EGGSHELL ASH CONCRETE

      EGGSHELL POWDER CONCRETE

      Cal-Sil CONCRETE

      EGGSHELL ASH CONCRETE

      EGGSHELL POWDER CONCRETE

      Cal-Sil CONCRETE

      25

      20

      15

      Fig 4: Compressive Test In Ctm

      1. SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH

         The casted concrete is cured in tank which consists full of water for 28 days, the concrete is tested in UTM. The tests are done for 28 days.

         10

         5

         0

         5% 10% 15%

         Chart 1: Compressive Strength In 7days

         Chart 2 represents the comparison of compressive strength of the eggshell ash concrete, eggshell powder concrete, cal-sil concrete in 28 days.

         Percentage	Eggshell ash concrete	Eggshell powder concrete	Cal-sil concrete
         5	1.33	1.29	1.32
         10	1.29	1.29	1.34
         15	1.34	1.33	1.39

         Fig 5: Split Tensile Strength Test In Utm

         Fig 6: Split Tensile Strength Test

         TABLE 3: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN 28 DAYS

         EGGSHELL ASH CONCRETE

         EGGSHELL POWDER CONCRETE

         Cal-Sil CONCRETE

         EGGSHELL ASH CONCRETE

         EGGSHELL POWDER CONCRETE

         Cal-Sil CONCRETE

         32

         31

         30

         29

         28

         27

         26

         25

         5% 10% 15%

         Chart 2: Compressive Strength In 28 Days

         Chart 3 represents the comparision of split tensile strength of the eggshell ash concrete , eggshell powder concrete , cal- sil concrete in 28 days.

         1.4

         1.38

         1.36

         1.34

         1.32

         1.3

         1.28

         1.26

         1.24

         TABLE 4: SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH IN 28DAYS

         EGGSHELL ASH CONCRETE

         EGGSHELL POWDER CONCRETE

         Cal-Sil CONCRETE

         EGGSHELL ASH CONCRETE

         EGGSHELL POWDER CONCRETE

         Cal-Sil CONCRETE

         5% 10% 15%

         Chart 3: Split Tensile Strength In 28days

   8. CONCLUSION

   9. REFERENCES

1. Mix design of Concreteby B.Bhattarcharyacel 774 ,2004 IIT delhi.

2. IS 10262:2009 ,Concrete Mix proportioning guidelines.

3. Properties of Concrete, A.M. Neville, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education Asia pvt.,Ltd., 2000.

4. Indian journal of sustainable construction engineering & technology.vol 3 , issue 1, 2012.

5. Amu O.O.et., al., 2005: Effect of Eggshell Powder on the stabilizing potential of lime on an Expansive Clay Soil. In Research journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences 1(1): pp 80-84

6. Shetty. M.S. (1982) concrete technology, Sultan Chand publication, 2nd edition.

7. Freire M.N. et al., 2006; characterization of avian eggshell waste aiming its use in a ceramic wall tile paste, In journal of Ceramic a 52, pp240-244

8. International journal of sustainable construction Engineering & technology (ISSN: 2180-3242) vol3, Issue 1, 2012.

Based on the above experimental analysis the below conclusion has been drawn,

• Based on the results of these works it can be concluded that egg shell ash mixed cubes has equal strength with that of conventional concrete cubes in certain categories.

• M20 cubes takes equal load compared to conventional concrete, and It is equal grade concretes load carrying capacity is slightly decreased.

• The Cost of the construction has been reduced by adding the waste egg shells to the materials of construction.

• The pollution in landfill by the decomposition of the egg shell has been reduced

• The compressive strength & split tensile strength of5% eggshell ash concrete, eggshell powder concrete , Cal-Sil concrete is higher than the all results in this experimental analysis.