Effect of Basalt Fiber and RHA on Strength of Concrete-A Review

Effect of Basalt Fiber and RHA on Strength of Concrete-A Review

Quazi Sobiya1, Sonukumar Sharma2, Dattatray Nimbalkar3

1, 2, 3U.G. In Civil Engineering Student,

S. B. Patil College of Engineering Varangli, Indapur, Savitribai Phule Pune University, India

Abstract: – In recent years, both industrial and researcher world are giving their attention to the fiber reinforced concrete. There are two types of fiber natural and artificial. Basalt fiber is one of the natural fibers obtained from basalt rock which is easily available and also cheap. Basalt fiber offers various compromising characteristics which help to increase strength of concrete compared to other fibers. From past research it is found that basalt fiber increases strength of concrete effectively. RHA is byproduct of rice mill which act as supper pozzolanic material. This paper includes review on the strength of concrete using basalt fiber and RHA also different properties of it.

Keyword :- Basalt Fiber, RHA (risk husk ash), Co0mpressive Tensile and Flexural Strength, Properties.

From past research it was observed that basalt shows stability against chemical and thermal. Basalt shows good thermal insulating property which is three times more than asbestos, while electrical insulation property of basalt is 10 times more than glass fiber [5]. As above mentioned basalt shows resistant to acids and alkali so basalt composite pipes can be used to transport corrosive and gases[5].

1 INTRODUCTION

1. Basalt Fiber

   Basalt is naturally available rock obtained from frozen lava, with melting temperature varies from 1500C to 1700C[2,3]. Russia has huge amount of basalt reserves. In the United States,Washington, Oregon and Idaho have thousands of square miles covered with basalt lava. About 100,000 square miles of Columbia covered withbasalt [5]. The colour of basalt varies from brown to dull green as percentage of ferrous changes. Moscow Research Institute of Glass and Plastics developed the basalt fiber in 1953- 1954.The manufacturing process of basalt fiber is same as glass fiber but it consume less energy than other fiber. Cost of basalt fiber is also cheap because it does not require any additives during its manufacturing process. [11].Concrete containing fiber in its composition is known as fiber reinforced concrete. FRC is use in pavement construction because fiber increases impact and fatigue resistances also enhance flexural strength, toughness, tensile strength, ductility and reduce creep and shrinkage. Nowadays BFRC is also use in construction of highway, airport runway etc[3]. It resists corrosion and alkali reaction on concrete, so it is very beneficial for construction industry. Basalt fiber does not show any reaction with air and water. Also there is no any hazard effect on human health [4]. The rapid increase in the use of fibers in concrete is recognizing to its positive result on the mechanical properties of the cementations composites. The addition of fibers to concrete shows considerable impact on improving the mechanical properties of hardened concrete as well as fresh concrete [10].

   Fig 1 Process diagram of basalt fiber [11]

   Junkers type basalt production (1-basalt lava, 2-blowing valves, 3-accelerating cylinder, 4-fabrication cylinder, 5- basalt fibers)

   Fig 2: Basal Fiber

2. Rice Husk Ash

RHA is a great environmental hazard causing damage to the land and surrounding area which is deserted. Annually nearly about 20 millions of RHA is produced as byproduct from rice husk mills. Due to RHA land damage convert

into desert where it is dumped. Husk is by-product generates from rice milling. RHA is obtained by proper burning and grinding of rice husk at controlled temperature. It is use as a pozzolanic material in cement and concrete. Its use reduces pollution and emission of carbon dioxide in environment it affects compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength and durability of concrete [7].

The modulus of elasticity of basalt fiber is high as observe in fig4. Also basalt fibers are excellent thermal resistance. According to Sim J et.al.,[12] The approximate value of tensile strength of basalt fiber is 1000 Mpawhich is 60% of strength of high strength of Glass fiber and 30% of the strength of Carbon fiber.

1. Basalt Fiber

   Fig 3 Rice Husk Ash

   2: PROPERTIES

   Sr No.	Particulars	Properties
   1	Colour	Golden Brown
   2	Diameter	Available in different diameter 5.8 micron
   3	Length	6mm, 8mm,12mm etc
   4	Density	2.75g/cm^3
   5	Coefficient of friction	0.42-0.50

   Sr No.	Particulars	Properties
   1	Colour	Golden Brown
   2	Diameter	Available in different diameter 5.8 micron
   3	Length	6mm, 8mm,12mm etc
   4	Density	2.75g/cm^3
   5	Coefficient of friction	0.42-0.50

   Table 1:Physical properties [6]

   Fig 4 Typical mechanical properties of basalt fiber as compare to other fiber [10].

   Table 2: Chemical properties[10]

   Sr. No	Oxide	Basalt Fiber
   1	SiO2	69.51
   2	Al2O3	14.18
   3	Fe2O3	3.92
   4	CaO	5.62
   5	MgO	2.41
   6	K2O	1.01
   7	Na2O3	2.74

   100

   80

   60

   40

   20

   0

   100

   80

   60

   40

   20

   0

   89

   89

   4.84

   4.84

   3.15

   3.15

   Tensile

   strength Gpa

   Tensile

   strength Gpa

   Valuse

   Valuse

   In strong alkalis basalt fibers are more stable. Basalt has resistance to UV- Light and biologic and fungal pollution. Basalt fiber does not loss their weight in boiling water, acids and alkali [6].

2. Rice Husk Ash

Table 3: Physical properties [9]

Aluminum Oxide

Table 4: Chemical Properties [9]

Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber

Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber

Elastic Elongation at

Elastic Elongation at

modulous Gpa

Properties

Values

break %

modulous Gpa

Properties

Values

break %

Table 5: The strength of basalt fiber with different proportion is shown below as per researches done.

TABLE 6: RICE HUSK ASH

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

1. Compression Strength

   The compressive strength of concrete varies with change in

   Cylindrical compressive strength

   MPa

   Cylindrical compressive strength

   MPa

   % of basalt fiber. Tehmina et.al.,[1] showed that increase in compressive strength observed up to 2% addition of basalt fiber. While addition of 3% of basalt fiber decreases the compressive strength of concrete. She make three series of concrete using different admixtures like silica fume and met kaolin with 1% ,2% , 3% addition of basalt fiber. More effective result found at 2% addition of Basalt fiber with 10% met kaolin as partial replacement of cement.

   Variation in compressive Strength

   Variation in compressive Strength

   100

   80

   60

   40

   20

   0

   100

   80

   60

   40

   20

   0

   0

   1

   2

   3

   0

   1

   2

   3

   Basalt Fiber Volume %

   Basalt Fiber 10% silika fume 10% Met kaoline

   Basalt Fiber Volume %

   Basalt Fiber 10% silika fume 10% Met kaoline

   Compressive strength of concretewith basalt fiber

   36 35.34 34.69

   Compressive strength of concrete with basalt fiber

   36 35.34 34.69

   34

   34

   32.51

   32.51

   32

   32

   31.46

   31.46

   30

   28

   30

   28

   Compressive strength MPa

   Compressive strength MPa

   The result shows that Addition of minerals in less amount can increases strength of concrete effectively. Gore et al.,[2] Basalt fiber concrete gains strength after 28 days curing while 7 days and 14 days strength of concrete is less than plain concrete strength. As compare to design strength 83% to 92% increase in compressive strength of basalt fiber concrete mix is observed according to Nayan et al.,[6].

   7 days 14 days

   7 days 14 days

   Addition of Rice husk ash in concrete increases compressive strength with high rate during 7 days to 28 days of curing while strength increases gradually after 28 days to 56 days of curing. According to Padma et al.,[9] 5.0% addition of RHA gives effective increase in compressive strength during 7 days to 28 days of curing. According to study of Makrand et al.,[8] 10% addition of RHA in concrete increases compressive strength by 16%, 20% addition of RHA again increases strength by 8% While strength reduces on addition of 30% of RHA.

2. Split Tensile Strength:

   30

   20

   30

   20

   11.2

   11.2

   20.2

   14.1

   20.2

   14.1

   10

   10

   4.2 0.9 2.7

   4.2 0.9 2.7

   5

   1.1

   5

   1.1

   Split tensile strength MPa

   Split tensile strength MPa

   According to research done byTehmina et al.,[1] addition of 1%, 2% and 3% of basalt fiber increases split tensile strength of concrete.

   40

   Split tensile strength

   36.2

   40

   Split tensile strength

   36.2

   Basalt fiber2 Silika fume 10% Met kaoline 10%

   Basalt fiber2 Silika fume 10% Met kaoline 10%

   0

   0

   1%

   1%

   2%

   Basalt fiber %

   2%

   Basalt fiber %

   3%

   3%

   By Arivalagan et al.,[13] In 7 days of curing Basalt fiber concrete acquire 25% split tensile strength 39% to 45% in 14 days while 47% in 28 days of curing as compare to plain concrete.

   Split tensie strength MPa

   Split tensie strength MPa

   10

   10

   0

   0

   Normal concrete

   M30

   Normal concrete

   M30

   Split tensile strenth for 7 days

   Split tensile strength for 14 days Split tensile strength for 28 days

   Split tensile strenth for 7 days

   Split tensile strength for 14 days Split tensile strength for 28 days

   0%

   Basalt Fiber %

   0%

   Basalt Fiber %

   1%

   1%

   The research of Gorde et al.,[4] shows that 0.25% addition of basalt fiber gives highest split tensile strength.

   Split tensile strength Mpa

   6

   Split tensile strength Mpa

   6

   4

   2

   0

   4

   2

   0

   0%

   0.25%

   0.75%

   1.00%

   0%

   0.25%

   0.75%

   1.00%

   Basalt Fiber %

   Split tensile strength Mpa

   Basalt Fiber %

   Split tensile strength Mpa

   5.7

   5.7

   5.64

   5.64

   4.565

   4.565

   5.205

   5.205

   Split tensile strength MPa

   Split tensile strength MPa

   Flexural strength MPa

   Flexural strength MPa

   According to Gore et al.,[2] strength of basalt fiber concrete decreases from 7 days to 14 days and then increases. While strength increases after 14 days to 56 days of curing.

   Rice husk ash not show effective increase in flexural strength in concrete. Results analyzed by Padma et al.,[9]

   Flexural strength using RHA

   Flexural strength using RHA

   6

   5

   4

   3

   2

   1

   0

   6

   5

   4

   3

   2

   1

   0

   0%

   5% 7.50% 10% 12.50% 15%

   RHA %

   0%

   5% 7.50% 10% 12.50% 15%

   RHA %

   7days 28 days 56 days

   7days 28 days 56 days

   Split tensile strength Mpa

   Split tensile strength Mpa

   3

   2.5

   2

   1.5

   1

   0.5

   0

   Split Tensile strength MPa 7 day

   		1.36

   		1.36

   2.49

   0% 1%

   Basalt Fiber %

   7 day

   5 CONCLUSION

   Based on above review conclusion is made as follow:

   Basalt fibers is cost effective, environment friendly, non- harmful and natural admixture. It can use in construction of high raise structure, highway and runways, because of its effective mechanical properties and good strength. It shows resistance against acids and alkalis and helps to increase the life of harmful liquid transporting piper. it is anticorrosive so can use in construction of underwater structure.

   Optimum compressive strength and flexural strength obtained at 2% addition of Basalt fiber while split tensile

   Addition of Rice husk ash shows improvement in split tensile strength up to 20% replacement of cement.

3. Flexural Strength:

Avg. Flexural strength in Mpa

8

6

4

2

0

0% 0.50% 1% 1.50% 2% 2.50%

RHA %

Avg. Flexural strength in Mpa

Avg. Flexural strength in Mpa

8

6

4

2

0

0% 0.50% 1% 1.50% 2% 2.50%

RHA %

Avg. Flexural strength in Mpa

Avg split tensile strength

Avg split tensile strength

Joshi et al.,[14] shows that maximum flexural strength obtained at 2% addition of basalt fiber. More than 2% addition of basalt fiber reduces the flexural strength. Following graph shows increment in flexural strength.

reduces. RHA is a pozzolanic material which helps to increase the strength of concrete its use in concrete will helps to reduce the pollution in some amount.

REFERENCES

1. TehminaAyub, Nasir Shafiq, M. Fadhil Nuruddin. Mechanical properties of high performance concrete reinforced with basalt fiber.

   Procedia Engineering 77 ,131 139,2014

2. MR.Goreketan R, 2PROF. SuhasiniM.Kulkarni. The performance of basalt fiber in high strength concrete. Journal of information, Knowledge and research in civil engineering. volume 2,nov 12 to oct 13

3. Ranjitsinh K. Patil, D. B. Kulkarni. Comparative study of effect of basalt, glass and steel fiber on compressive and flexural strength of concrete. IJRET Volume: 03 , Jun-2014,

4. Gorde Pravin Jaysing, Deepa A. Joshi. Performance of basalt fiber in concrete. IJSR Volume 3, May 2014

5. Dr. Montgomery Shaw, Co-PI Qiang Liu, Student Assistant Prepared for The New England Transportation Consortium August, 2007, NETCR 63, Project No. 03-7.

6. Nayan Rathod, Mukund Gonbare, Mallikarjun Pujari. Basalt fiber reinforced concrete. IJSR Volume 4, May 2015, 2013.

7. M.R. Karim, M.F.M. Zain,M. Jamil, F.C. Lai and M.N. Islam. Strength of mortar and concrete as influenced by Rice husk ash. World Applied Sciences Journal 19 (10): 1501-1513, 2012.

8. Makarand Suresh Kulkarni, Paresh GovindMirgal, Prajyot Prakash Bodhale, S.N. Tande. Effect of rice husk ash on properties of concrete. Journal of civil engineering and environmental technology.

   Volume 1, Number 1; August, 2014

9. P.Padma Rao, A.Pradhan Kumar, B.Bhaskar Singh. A study on use of rice husk ash in concrete. IJEAR Vol. 4, Spl-2, Jan – June 2014

10. Vivek Dhand, Garima Mittal, Kyong Yop Rhee, Soo-Jin Park, David Hui. A short review on basalt fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites: Part 73, 166180,2015.

11. Hannibal Ólafsson, EyþórÞórhallsson, Basalt fiber bar Reinforcement of concrete structures. Reykjavík University, 2 November 2009.

12. Sim, J. Park C., and Moon, DY. Characteristics of basalt fiber as strengthening material for concrete structures. Compose part B 2005; 36:504-12.

13. Arivalagan. S. Study on the compressive and split tensile strength properties of basalt fiber concrete members. Global journal of research in engineering civil and structural engineering, Volume 12 Issue 4 Version 1 2012.

14. Joshi A. A., DrRangari S. M., Shoitole A. D. The use of basalt fiber to improve the Flexural Strength of Concrete Beam. International journal of Innovative, Science and technology, Volume 1 Issue 10 2014.S

AUTHOR PROFILE

Sobiya Quazi A.M. Completing Bachelor degree in civil inshahajiro BajiraoPatil College of Engineering 2016, University of Maharashtra. She is currently working on Assessment of properties of concrete using Basalt fiber and RHA as a research project.

Sonukumar Sharma Completing Bachelor degree in civil inshahajiro Bajirao Patil College of Engineering 2016, University of Maharashtra. He is currently working on Assessment of properties of concrete using Basalt fiber and RHA as a research project.

Komal Dabhade Completing Bachelor degree in civil inshahajiro Bajirao Patil College of Engineering 2016, University of Maharashtra. She is currently working on Assessment of properties of concrete using Basalt fiber and RHA as a research project.

Dattatray Nimbalkar Completing Bachelor degree in civil inshahajiro Bajirao Patil College of Engineering 2016, University of Maharashtra. He is currently working on Assessment of properties of concrete using Basalt fiber and RHA as a research project.

Sanju RajagopalanCompleting Bachelor degree in civil inshahajiro Bajirao Patil College of Engineering 2016, University of Maharashtra. He is currently working on Assessment of properties of concrete using Basalt fiber and RHA as a research project.