DOI : 10.17577/IJERTV5IS100252
- Open Access
- Total Downloads : 345
- Authors : Balram Sharma, S.D.Thanvi
- Paper ID : IJERTV5IS100252
- Volume & Issue : Volume 05, Issue 10 (October 2016)
- DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV5IS100252
- Published (First Online): 24-10-2016
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
- License:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Influence of Microfine GGBS on Concrete of Grade M35 & M40 Made with Pozzolana Cement
Balram Sharma ¹
¹M.Tech Student , Department of Structural Engineering,
Kautilya Institute of Technology, Engineering and School of management, Sitapura, Jaipur, India
Abstract In this study development of concrete by making an efficient concrete mix design blending with mineral admixtures on micro fine GGBS for higher grade concrete has been undertaken. Development of efficient concrete mix design plays an important & vital role in producing eco-economical concrete. This study represents the effect of presence of mineral admixture micro fine GGBS.GGBS partially replaced & added in cement concrete for evaluating the workability and strength of concrete along with flexural & split tensile strength. This study has been done by varying (5% to 25%) GGBS on partial replacement & addition in cement by weight of Portland pozzolana cement. About twenty-four trial mix, control mix and other variation mix were developed for M35 & M40 grade of concrete. Compressive strength 7 days and 28 days using cube (150mm x 150mm x 150mm) specimen, flexural strength for 28 days using beam (700mm x 150mm x 150mm) and splitting tensile strength for 28 days using cylinder (300mm length x 150mm diameter) were evaluated for this study by casting these in institute lab. All these concrete specimens were cured for 7 days and 28 days in deep water tank on normal 27+20C degree atmospheric temperature.
Keywords High grade concrete, compressive strength, mix design, GGBS, workability, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength.
-
INTRODUCTION
Concrete is building material made of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate making pure matrix required water and cement. At present many type of concrete technologies, its application improves construction work in durability, strength and thermal resistance condition.
A. Supplementary Cementitious Materials / Mineral admixture
Mix design of concrete play an important role for the concrete and mix design of concrete give standard design for better performance and desired strength ability. At present the concrete development is based on the use of industrial wastage such on supplementary cementitious material. Industrial wastage has pozzolanic as well as cementitious properties. There have very fine grained-particles; having Cementitious Materials improve the properties of concrete mix. This type of Cementitious Materials called, Supplementary Cementitious Materials. Mineral admixtures such on GGBS improve the concrete strength, low cost of preparation, thermal resisting and improved durability. A good concrete mix requires workability, strength and
S. D. Thanvi ²
²Associate Professor
Kautilya Institute of Technology & Engineering,
Sitapura, Jaipur, India
durability. Silica fume is also been used as mineral admixture, it increases the strength and durability. Pozzolanic material fly ash and GGBS have very fine particles. Silica fume have 100 times small particles compare to Fly ash/cement, it give high surface-to-volume ratios compare to fly ash. GGBS also is a good mineral admixture. It is used to partially replace Portland cement. Silica fume is similar to fly ash/GGBS as mineral admixture, but has a particle size 100 times smaller. All mineral admixture surface- volume ratios give higher value and good pozzolanic action.
-
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
-
Introduction
Concrete is a mixture of cement, sand, coarse aggregate and water. Evaluate the performance of concrete containing supplementary cementations materials such micro fine GGBS. Cement replaced with Mineral admixtures can recover the strength and durability of concrete. The challenge for civil engineering community to improve the properties of concrete and concrete has eco-friendly condition.
In present concrete required economic & good blending material property. So, some industrial wastes use as blending material to improve property of concrete.
-
Materials
Concrete is a composite material of coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, water and cement. A good concrete mix requires workability, strength and durability.
-
Coarse Aggregate
-
Coarse aggregate Particle sizes more than 4.75mm and in this experimental work uses 10mm and 20 mm aggregates.
Concrete mixture makes up majority of Fine and coarse aggregates. In concrete mix uses aggregates like natural gravel, Sand and crushed stone. The concrete a true composite material when the coarse aggregate are presence greatly and necessary cement material composite it proper type. That type material makes a brittle and high strength composite.
TABLE I. PROPERTIES OF COARSE AGGREGATE 10MM &20MM
Tests
Coarse Aggregate
10mm
20mm
Density (SSD)
1478 kg/m3
1560 kg/m3
Sp. Gravity (SSD)
2.66
2.66
Water Absorption
0.43%
0.44%
-
-
Fine Aggregate
Fine aggregate (sand) particle size less than 4.75mm sieve and Sand shall be fresh hard, hard-wearing, angular, sharp, and free from mica, silts, and alkalis, organic and vegetable matters. It should not contain more than 5% of clay or silt. Sand should be perfectly drying before measured. IS code specification classifying the fine aggregate Zone-1 to Zone- 4grade.Fine aggregate passing percentage various sieves and there are mainly four zones and they all have different passing percentage.
TABLE II. PROPERTIES OF FINE AGGREGATE
Tests
Coarse Aggregate
Density (SSD)
1675 kg/m3
Sp. Gravity (SSD)
2.64
Water Absorption
1.20 %
-
Cement
Cement is binding material in the cement concrete. It is used for various engineering works where strength and durability are of Prime importance. Cement property depend upon quantity of water in cement concrete. Potable water is required to make a good concrete. PPC has fly ash in cement it react calcium hydroxide and produces calcium silicate hydrate. Calcium silicate hydrate gives strength and durability and makes eco-friendly.
Chemical reaction of OPC & PPC In OPC
Chemical Analysis
Mass%
CaO
36-40
Al2O3
5-5.6
Fe2O3
3.8-4.4
SO3
2-2.4
MgO
6.5-8
SiO2
30-34
Chemical Analysis
Mass%
CaO
36-40
Al2O3
5-5.6
Fe2O3
3.8-4.4
SO3
2-2.4
MgO
6.5-8
SiO2
30-34
2[2CaO.SiO ] + 4[H O] = [3(CaO)2(SiO )3(H O)] +
-
Admixture
Admixture is components in concrete other than coarse aggregate, fine aggregate Portland cement and water. It leads main role make concrete good composite material. Admixture use primary hardening an workability or deliver extra properties for concrete mix.
Type of admixture
-
mineral admixture
-
chemical admixture
-
Mineral admixture (Micro fine Ground granulated blast slag
Well-ordered granulation procedure with high reactivity found Micro fine GGBS. It has high glass content. The processing with other select constituents results in under controlled partial size distribution (PSD).The calculated blain value based on PSD is about 9000cm2/gm and is actually ultrafine. Micro fine GGBS delivers condensed water demand for assumed workability, even up to 70% replacement and addition near as per condition of concrete performance. Micro fine GGBS can also be used as a great range water reducer to recover compressive strength or as a super workability add to improve flow. Micro fine GGBS is pozzolanic materials that can be used to produce highly hard- wearing concrete composites.
TABLE IV. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MICRO FINE GGBS
Physical Analysis
Range
Bulk Density
700-900 kg/m3
Surface Area(finesse)
9000cm2/gm
Particle Shape
Irregular
Specific gravity
2.9
TABLE V. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MICRO FINE GGBS
2 2 2 2
Ca(OH)2
(OPC) (Water) (C S H) (Free Lime)
In PPC
2[2CaO.SiO2] + 4[H2O] = [3(CaO)2(SiO2)3(H2O)] +
Ca(OH)2
(OPC) (Water) (C S H) (Free Lime)
3[Ca(OH)2] + 2[SiO2] = [3(CaO)2(SiO2)3(H2O)]
Properties
Range%
CaO
50-60
SiO2
36-40
Al2O3
6-8
MgO
0.1-3
SO3
1-3
Na2O
0-1
Fe2O3
4-5
Specific Gravity
3.00
Properties
Range%
CaO
50-60
SiO2
36-40
Al2O3
6-8
MgO
0.1-3
SO3
1-3
Na2O
0-1
Fe2O3
4-5
Specific Gravity
3.00
(Free lime) (Silica from Fly ash) (C S H) TABLE III. PROPERTIES OF CEMENT PPC 43 MPA
-
Chemical Admixture
Chemical admixtures are material in the form of powder or fluids which are added to the concrete to reduce the water in plain concrete mixes. Water reducing super plasticizer used in this experimental work. Plasticizers increase the workability of plastic or "fresh" concrete, permitting it is sited more simply, with fewer consolidating strength. Plasticizers can be castoff to decrease the water contented of a concrete while improving workability and are called water-reducers due to this usage. Naptha based water reducing superplasticizer as per IS9103:1999used.The superplasticizer which is used for the experimental performance is Shaliplast SP-431. Properties of Chemical Admixture
Type of admixture
Super plasticizer chloride free & IS: 9103
SP. GRAVITY@27ºC
1.20 +/- 0.04
DRY MATERIAL %
41- 45 %
CHLORIDE %
NIL
ASH CONTENT
10.00-14.00%
ALKALIES
NIL
PH
7-9
COLOUR
Faint Black Brown Liquid
Type of admixture
Super plasticizer chloride free & IS: 9103
SP. GRAVITY@27ºC
1.20 +/- 0.04
DRY MATERIAL %
41- 45 %
CHLORIDE %
NIL
ASH CONTENT
10.00-14.00%
ALKALIES
NIL
PH
7-9
COLOUR
Faint Black Brown Liquid
TABLE VII. SIEVE ANALYSIS OF 10MM AGGREGATE (IS 383/2386)
-
-
-
Sieve Analysis
Particle size gradation test are called, sieve analysis. This process used in civil engineering granular material particle size distribution. The particle size distribution by sieve arrangement this type arrangement for particle distribution, called practical size distribution. Sieve arrangement as per IS: 2386 (Part I) 1963. When collect different size partials then sieves arrange standardized by the IS 2386 (Part I) 1963 code.
-
Fine Aggregate Grading
-
Codes is recommended IS-383:1970.
-
Sand type Banas Sand zone – II.
-
The Sieves arrangement 10mm, 4.75mm, 2.36mm, 1.18mm, 600 micron, 300 micron and 150 micron.
TABLE VI. SIEVE ANALYSIS FOR SAND (IS 383/2386)
Sieve size
Retained (gm)
%
Retai ned weigh t
Cumu lative
%
Retai ned
Cumu lative
%
Passin g
Limit as per IS 383
Sample 1
Sam ple 2
Aver age
10
mm
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
4.75
mm
11.6
11.5
11.5
5
1.155
1.15
98.85
90-100
2.36
mm
17
18
17.5
1.75
2.9
97.1
75-100
1.18
mm
71
76
73.5
7.35
10.25
89.95
55-90
600
micro n
517.4
497
507.
5
50.72
61
39
35-59
300
micro n
280
351
315.
5
31.55
92.5
7.5
8.0-30
150
micro n
991
41
66
6.6
99.1
0.9
0-10
PAN
12
5.5
8.75
0.875
266.9
Total
1000
1000
1000
100
Fineness Modulus = 266.9/100 = 2.66 Grading Zone = II
-
-
Coarse Aggregate Grading (10mm)
-
Codes are recommended IS-383:1970.
-
Aggregate type hathipura Aggregate.
-
The Sieves arrangement 12.5mm, 10mm, 4.75mm and 2.36mm.
-
Siev e size
Retained (gm)
%
Retain ed weigh t
Cumu lative
%
Retain ed
Cumu lative
%
Passin g
Limi t as per IS 383
Samp le 1
Sampl e 2
Avera ge
12.5
mm
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
10
mm
38
42
40
2
2
98
85-
100
4.75
mm
1362
1360
1361
68.05
70.05
29.95
0-20
2.36
mm
493
492
492.5
24.62
94.67
5.33
0-5
1.18
mm
107
106
106.5
5.325
100
0
600
micr on
0
0
0
0
100
0
300
micr on
0
0
0
0
100
0
150
micr on
0
0
0
0
100
0
PAN
0
0
0
0
566.7
2
Total
2000
2000
2000
100.0
0
Siev e size
Retained (gm)
%
Retain ed weigh t
Cumu lative
%
Retain ed
Cumu lative
%
Passin g
Limi t as per IS 383
Samp le 1
Sampl e 2
Avera ge
12.5
mm
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
10
mm
38
42
40
2
2
98
85-
100
4.75
mm
1362
1360
1361
68.05
70.05
29.95
0-20
2.36
mm
493
492
492.5
24.62
94.67
5.33
0-5
1.18
mm
107
106
106.5
5.325
100
0
600
micr on
0
0
0
0
100
0
300
micr on
0
0
0
0
100
0
150
micr on
0
0
0
0
100
0
PAN
0
0
0
0
566.7
2
Total
2000
2000
2000
100.0
0
Fineness Modulus = 566.72/100 = 5.66
TABLE VIII. SIEVE ANALYSIS OF 20MM AGGREGATE (IS 383/2386)
Siev e size
Retained (gm)
%
Retain ed weight
Cumul ative
%
Retain ed
Cumul ative
%
Passin g
Limit as per IS 383
Sampl e 1
Sampl e 2
Avera ge
40
mm
0
0
0
0
0
100
100
20
mm
1182
1169
1175.5
58.77
58.80
41.2
85-
100
10
mm
730
740
735
36.75
95.55
4.45
0-20
4.75
mm
70
90
80
4
99.55
0.45
0-5
2.36
mm
18
1
9.5
0.47
100
0
1.18
mm
0
0
0
0
100
0
600
micr on
0
0
0
0
100
0
300
micr on
0
0
0
0
100
0
150
micr on
0
0
0
0
100
0
PAN
0
0
0
0
757.9
Total
2000
2000
2000
100
Fineness Modulus = 757.9/100 = 7.57
-
-
Proportion Mix
Counting water, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and cement in specific quantity which required to proper mixing ratio, this type mix called proportion mix. Proper mixing ratio uses for trial mix, control mix and conrtrol mix some variation with GGBS in this experimental work are given below.
-
Trial Mix
Which concrete mix prepare by coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, water and cement in ordinary ratio and provide exect strength of concrete as per IS 456:2000, this type mix called trial mix. In this experimental work prepared four trial mix without using admixture.
-
Control Mix
As per IS 10262:2009 suggestion and condition Control mix was designed which are given below
TABLE IX. CONTROL MIX PROPORTION FOR M35 WITH 125MM SLUMP
S.No.
Materials
Weight(Kg)
1
Cement(PPC-43)
404
2
Coarse Aggregate(20mm)
693.00
3
Coarse Aggregate(10mm)
461.44
4
Fine Aggregate
702.24
5
Water
162
6
Admixture @ 1.2% of cement
4.8
7
W/C Ratio
0.40
TABLE X. CONTROL MIX PROPORTION FOR M40 WITH 135MM SLUMP
S.No.
Materials
Weight(Kg)
1
Cement(PPC-43)
453
2
Coarse Aggregate(20mm)
683.72
3
Coarse Aggregate(10mm)
455.81
4
Fine Aggregate
664.00
5
Water
167.45
6
Admixture @ 1.6% of cement
7.24
7
W/C Ratio
0.37
-
Proportion of Mineral admixture in Control Mix
In control mix, cement has two difference variations with GGBS. First difference addition 0% to 25% GGBS of the weight of cement at interval of 5% concrete mixes for M35 & M40 and second difference partial replacement 0% to 25% GGBS of the weight of cement at interval of 5% concrete mixes for M35 & M40.
TABLE XI. MICRO FINE GGBS ADDITION INTO PPC FOR M35 GRADE
S.N
o
Mix Name
cemen t (Kg)
GGBS (Kg)
Coarse Aggregate(K g)
Fine Aggregate (Kg)
Wat er (Kg)
Admixture (Kg)
20m m
10m m
1
PPC
+GGBS (100+0)
404
0.00
693
461.4
4
702.
24
161.
6
4.8
2
PPC
+GGBS (100+5)
404
20.2
685.
83
457.2
2
692.
20
161.
6
4.8
3
PPC
+GGBS (100+10
)
404
40.4
679.
80
453.2
689.
19
161.
6
4.8
4
PPC
+GGBS (100+15
)
404
60.6
672.
87
448.5
8
682.
17
161.
6
4.8
5
PPC
+GGBS (100+20
)
404
80.8
665.
94
443.9
6
675.
15
161.
6
4.8
6
PPC
+GGBS (100+25
)
404
101
659.
02
439.3
4
668.
15
161.
6
4.8
Aggregate
Aggregate
(Kg)
(Kg)
TABLE XII. REPLACEMENT OF MICRO FINE GGBS INTO PPC FOR M35 GRADE
S
. N
o
Mix Name
cemen t (Kg)
GGBS (Kg)
Coarse Aggregate(Kg)
Fine
(Kg)
Water (Kg)
Admixture
20m m
10m m
1
PPC
+GGBS (100+0)
404
0.00
693
461.4
4
702.2
4
161.6
4.8
2
PPC
+GGBS (95+5)
383.8
20.2
693.5
5
462.3
6
702.2
4
161.6
4.8
3
PPC
+GGBS (90+10)
363.6
40.4
689.6
9
459.7
9
699.2
3
161.6
4.8
4
PPC
+GGBS (85+15)
343.4
60.6
688.7
0
459.1
3
698.2
2
161.6
4.8
5
PPC
+GGBS (80+20)
323.2
80.8
688.7
0
459.1
3
698.2
2
161.6
4.8
6
PPC
+GGBS (75+25)
303
101
688.0
1
458.6
7
697.5
2
161.6
4.8
S.
No
Mix Name
cem ent (Kg)
GGBS (Kg)
Coarse Aggregate(Kg)
Fine Aggregate (Kg)
Wat er (Kg)
Admixture (Kg)
20m m
10mm
1
PPC
+GGBS (100+0)
453
0
683.
72
455.61
664
167.
45
7.24
2
PPC
+GGBS (100+5)
453
22.6
5
676.
68
451.12
657.
38
167.
45
7.24
3
PPC
+GGBS (100+10
)
453
45.3
688.
04
445.36
648.
59
167.
45
7.24
4
PPC
+GGBS (100+15
)
453
67.9
5
660.
60
440.4
641.
75
167.
45
7.24
5
PPC
+GGBS (100+20
)
453
90.5
6
652.
55
435.03
633.
94
167.
45
7.24
6
PPC
+GGBS (100+25
)
453
113.
19
644.
51
429.67
626.
12
167.
45
7.24
S.
No
Mix Name
cem ent (Kg)
GGBS (Kg)
Coarse Aggregate(Kg)
Fine Aggregate (Kg)
Wat er (Kg)
Admixture (Kg)
20m m
10mm
1
PPC
+GGBS (100+0)
453
0
683.
72
455.61
664
167.
45
7.24
2
PPC
+GGBS (100+5)
453
22.6
5
676.
68
451.12
657.
38
167.
45
7.24
3
PPC
+GGBS (100+10
)
453
45.3
688.
04
445.36
648.
59
167.
45
7.24
4
PPC
+GGBS (100+15
)
453
67.9
5
660.
60
440.4
641.
75
167.
45
7.24
5
PPC
+GGBS (100+20
)
453
90.5
6
652.
55
435.03
633.
94
167.
45
7.24
6
PPC
+GGBS (100+25
)
453
113.
19
644.
51
429.67
626.
12
167.
45
7.24
TABLE XIII. MICRO FINE GGBS ADDITION INTO PPC FOR M40 GRADE
(Kg)
(Kg)
TABLE XIV. REPLACEMENT OF PPC BY MICRO FINE GGBS FOR M40 GRADE
to 25% interval 5% and second partial replacement of cement by GGBS material 5% to 25% interval 5%. This type variation same all cube specimen, cylinder specimen and beam specimen for find out the density, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of M35 & M40 grade concrete.
B. Workability Test Result
Slump increased and decrease by addition and partial replacement of mineral admixtures such as Micro fine GGBS material. The workability has been used to improve placing of concrete, flexibility, compatibility and finishing capacity. Slump can be increased by addition of chemical admixtures such as plasticizer or super plasticizer without changing the water-cement ratio. Some other admixtures, especially air- entraining admixture, can raise the slump of concrete mix.
Concrete mix designs source 125 mm slump for M35 and 135 mm slump for M40 grade concrete. Graphs are given as result find out
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition (mm)
Replacement (mm)
1
0
125
125
2
5
154
137
3
10
146
152
4
15
138
156
5
20
132
161
6
25
128
164
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition (mm)
Replacement (mm)
1
0
125
125
2
5
154
137
3
10
146
152
4
15
138
156
5
20
132
161
6
25
128
164
TABLE XV. COMPARISON OF SLUMP ON ADDITION & REPLACEMENT FOR M35 GRADE
S
. N
o
Mix Name
ceme nt (Kg)
GGBS
Coarse Aggregate(Kg)
Fine Aggregate
Water (Kg)
Admixture (Kg)
20m m
10mm
1
PPC
+GGB S (100+0)
452.5
6
0
683.
72
455.6
1
664
167.45
7.24
2
PPC
+GGB S (95+5)
429.9
4
22.
65
684.
73
456.4
8
665
.2
167.45
7.24
3
PPC
+GGB S (90+10)
407.3
1
45.
3
684.
12
456.0
8
664
.22
167.45
7.24
4
PPC
+GGB S (85+15)
384.6
8
67.
95
683.
72
455.8
1
664
.22
167.45
7.24
5
PPC
+GGB S (80+20)
362.0
5
90.
56
683.
72
455.8
1
664
.22
167.45
7.24
6
PPC
+GGB S (75+25)
339.4
2
113
.19
682.
72
455.1
4
663
.24
167.45
7.24
S
. N
o
Mix Name
ceme nt (Kg)
GGBS
Coarse Aggregate(Kg)
Fine Aggregate
Water (Kg)
Admixture (Kg)
20m m
10mm
1
PPC
+GGB S (100+0)
452.5
6
0
683.
72
455.6
1
664
167.45
7.24
2
PPC
+GGB S (95+5)
429.9
4
22.
65
684.
73
456.4
8
665
.2
167.45
7.24
3
PPC
+GGB S (90+10)
407.3
1
45.
3
684.
12
456.0
8
664
.22
167.45
7.24
4
PPC
+GGB S (85+15)
384.6
8
67.
95
683.
72
455.8
1
664
.22
167.45
7.24
5
PPC
+GGB S (80+20)
362.0
5
90.
56
683.
72
455.8
1
664
.22
167.45
7.24
6
PPC
+GGB S (75+25)
339.4
2
113
.19
682.
72
455.1
4
663
.24
167.45
7.24
165
160
155
150
Slump
Slump
145
140
135
130
125
Addtion Replacement
-
-
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
A. Introduction
In this study find out the M35 & M40 grade specimens result on deferent type variation of GGBS in cement concrete and compare each other and represented it draw by graphs.
120
0
% o1f0GGBS
20 30
In this experiment work make different variation specimens of concrete mix. Concrete mix has two type variations, first partial addition of cement by Micro fine GGBS material 5%
Fig. 1. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Slump of Concrete (M-35) on
Addition & Replacement
TABLE XVI. COMPARISON OF SLUMP ON ADDITION & REPLACEMENT FOR M40 GRADE
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition (mm)
Replacement (mm)
1
0
135
135
2
5
160
145
3
10
146
158
4
15
138
160
5
20
130
162
6
25
126
169
170
170
160
160
2480
2470
2460
2450
2440
2430
2420
0 5 10 15 20 25
150
150
Addtion
Addtion
140
140
Slump
Slump
% of GGBS
Addition
Replace ment
Replacemen
t
Replacemen
t
130
130
120
120
0
10
% of GGBS
20
30
0
10
% of GGBS
20
30
Fig. 2. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Slump of Concrete (M-40) on Addition & Replacement
Fig. 3. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Density of Hardened Concrete (M-35) on Addition & Replacement
TABLE XVIII. DENSITY OF HARDENED CONCRETE ON ADDITION OF MICRO FINE GGBS INTO PPC & REPLACEMENT OF PPC BY MICRO FINE GGBS FOR M40 GRADE
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Density of Hardened Concrete (Kg/m3)
Addition
Replacement
1
0
2449.33
2449.33
2
5
2453.33
2451.15
3
10
2465.25
2454.15
4
15
2470.26
24560.86
5
20
2474.38
2465.32
6
25
2482.33
2471.12
-
Density Test Result
The specimen of cube, beam & cylinder density was determined before testing. Average weight of Cube, Beam and Cylinder are 8.28Kg (for 7 days)& 8.30 Kg (for 28 days), 12.80Kg ( for 28 days) and 39.35 Kg ( for 28 days) respectively and volume of Cube Beam and Cylinder are 0.003375 meter cube, 0.01575 meter cube and 0.0052 meter cube respectively.
TABLE XVII. DENSITY OF HARDENED CONCRETE ON ADDITION OF MICRO FINE GGBS INTO PPC & REPLACEMENT OF PPC BY MICRO FINE GGBS FOR M35
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Density of Hardened Concrete (Kg/m3)
Addition
Replacement
1
0
2441.33
2441.33
2
5
2450.15
2448.12
3
10
2460.25
2455.15
4
15
2464.20
2459.86
5
20
2468.32
2464.32
6
25
2474.12
2465.18
2490
2480
2470
2460
2450
2440
2430
0 5 10 15 20 25
% of GGBS
Addition
Replace ment
Fig. 4. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Density of Hardened Concrete (M-40) on Addition & Replacement
-
Compressive Strength
The specimens were cured in water tank for 7 days and 28 days before compressive strength testing after specimens were came out in curing tank and cleaned cotton cloths. Compressive strength of all cube specimens 150mm(length) x 150mm(width) x 150mm(depth) measured as per IS 516:1959.
TABLE XIX. COMPARISON OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR 7 DAYS ON ADDITION & REPLACEMENT FOR M35 GRADE
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition (N/mm2)
Replacement (N/mm2)
1
0
29.55
29.55
2
5
31.77
30.00
3
10
31.91
31.33
4
15
32.26
31.33
5
20
32.17
30.66
6
25
32.22
31.00
33
32
-5 5
% of15GGBS
25
-5 5
% of15GGBS
25
50
49
48
47
50
49
48
47
Addition
Addition
46
45 Replacem
ent
44
43
42
41
46
45 Replacem
ent
44
43
42
41
Compressive Srength (N/mm2)
Compressive Srength (N/mm2)
Fig. 6. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Concrete of M35 Grade on Addition & Replacement for 28 Days Compressive Strength of Cube
TABLE XXI. COMPARISON OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR 7 DAYS ON ADDITION & REPLACEMENT FOR M40 GRADE
Compressive Srength
Compressive Srength
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition (N/mm2)
Replacement (N/mm2)
1
0
32.66
32.66
2
5
34.33
33.55
3
10
35.33
34.33
4
15
35.60
34.77
5
20
36.62
34.44
6
25
36.97
34.48
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition (N/mm2)
Replacement (N/mm2)
1
0
32.66
32.66
2
5
34.33
33.55
3
10
35.33
34.33
4
15
35.60
34.77
5
20
36.62
34.44
6
25
36.97
34.48
31
Addition Replacement
30
37
37
Compressive Srength (N/mm2)
Compressive Srength (N/mm2)
29
36
36
0 10% of GGBS20 30
Fig. 5. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Concrete of M35 Grade on Addition & Replacement for 7 Days Compressive Strength of Cube
TABLE XX. COMPARISON OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR 28 DAYS ON ADDITION & REPLACEMENT FOR M35 GRADE
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition (N/mm2)
Replacement (N/mm2)
1
0
43.30
43.30
2
5
45.39
44.25
3
10
46.26
44.54
4
15
47.87
45.14
5
20
48.71
45.37
6
25
49.54
45.67
35
Addition
Replacement
35
Addition
Replacement
34
34
33
33
32
-5
5
% of GGBS
25
32
-5
5
% of GGBS
25
15
15
Fig. 7. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Concrete of M40 Grade on Addition & Replacement for 7 Days Compressive Strength of Cube
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition(N/ mm2)
Replacement(N/mm2)
1
0
48.29
48.29
2
5
50.75
48.93
3
10
51.83
49.79
4
15
53.27
50.23
5
20
54.31
50.42
6
25
55.18
50.69
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition(N/ mm2)
Replacement(N/mm2)
1
0
48.29
48.29
2
5
50.75
48.93
3
10
51.83
49.79
4
15
53.27
50.23
5
20
54.31
50.42
6
25
55.18
50.69
TABLE XXII. COMPARISON OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH FOR 28 DAYS ON ADDITION & REPLACEMENT FOR M40 GRADE
Addition & Replacement- M35
9
Flexural Strength
Flexural Strength
8.5
8
7.5
56
55
Compressive Srength
Compressive Srength
54
53 Addi
tion
52
7
6.5
6
5.5
5
-5
Addition Replacement
%5 of GGBS15 25
51
50
49
48
% of GGBS
0 5 10 15
20 25
Fig. 9. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Concrete of M35 Grade on Addition & Replacement for 28 Days Flexural Strength of Beam
TABLE XXIV. COMPARISON OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH FOR 28 DAYS ON ADDITION & REPLACEMENT FOR M40 GRADE
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition(N/mm2)
Replacement(N/mm2)
1
0
6.85
6.85
2
5
8.55
7.47
3
10
9.2
7.83
4
15
9.52
8.03
5
20
9.74
8.72
6
25
9.61
8.41
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition(N/mm2)
Replacement(N/mm2)
1
0
6.85
6.85
2
5
8.55
7.47
3
10
9.2
7.83
4
15
9.52
8.03
5
20
9.74
8.72
6
25
9.61
8.41
Fig. 8. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Concrete of M40 Grade on Addition & Replacement for 28 Days Compressive Strength of Cube
-
Flexural Strength:
The specimens were cured in water tank for 28 days before flexural strength testing after specimens were came out in curing tank and cleaned cotton cloths. The central point loading method was applied for this testing. flexural strength of all beam specimens 700mm(length) x 150mm(width) x 150mm(depth) measured as per IS 516:1959.
TABLE XXIII. COMPARISON OF FLEXURAL STRENGTH FOR 28 DAYS ON ADDITION & REPLACEMENT FOR M35 GRADE
Addition & Replacement- M40
Flexural Strength (N/mm2)
Flexural Strength (N/mm2)
10
9.5
9
8.5
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition (N/mm2)
Replacement (N/mm2)
1
0
5.96
5.96
2
5
7.47
6.58
3
10
7.83
6.76
4
15
7.92
7.12
5
20
8.36
7.29
6
25
8.01
6.85
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition (N/mm2)
Replacement (N/mm2)
1
0
5.96
5.96
2
5
7.47
6.58
3
10
7.83
6.76
4
15
7.92
7.12
5
20
8.36
7.29
6
25
8.01
6.85
8
7.5
7
6.5
6
Addition Replacement
% of GGBS
0 5 10 15 20 25
Fig. 10. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Concrete of M40 Grade on Addition & Replacement for 28 Days Flexural Strength of Beam
-
Splitting Tensile Strength
The specimens were cured in water tank for 28 days before split tensile strength testing after specimens were came out in curing tank and cleaned cotton cloths. split tensile strength of all cylinder specimens 300mm (length) x 150mm (diameter) measured as per IS 516:1959.
TABLE XXV. COMPARISON OF SPLITTING TENSILE STRENGTH FOR 28 DAYS ON ADDITION & REPLACEMENT FOR M35 GRADE
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition (N/mm2)
Replacement (N/mm2)
1
0
2.70
2.70
2
5
2.95
2.89
3
10
3.20
2.97
4
15
3.28
3.02
5
20
3.35
3.20
6
25
3.38
3.31
3.9
3.7
3.5
3.3
3.1
Addition & Replacement – M40
Addition Replacement
Addition & Replacement- M35
3.4
3.2
3
Addition & Replacement- M35
3.4
3.2
3
Spilting Tensile Strength (N/mm2)
Spilting Tensile Strength (N/mm2)
2.9
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
-5 5 % of GGB1S5 25
Tensile Strength
Tensile Strength
Fig. 12. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Concrete of M40 Grade on Addition & Replacement for 28 Days Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylinder
2.8
2.6
Addition
Replacement
Spilting
Spilting
2.8
2.6
Addition
Replacement
2.4
2.2
% of GGBS
2.4
2.2
% of GGBS
-5
5
15
25
-5
5
15
25
2
2
Fig. 11. Influence of Micro fine GGBS on Concrete of M35 Grade on Addition & Replacement for 28 Days Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylinder
TABLE XXVI. COMPARISON OF SPLITTING TENSILE STRENGTH FOR 28 DAYS ON ADDITION & REPLACEMENT FOR M40 GRADE
S.No
Percentage of GGBS
Addition(N/mm2
)
Replacement(N/mm2)
1
0
2.97
2.97
2
5
3.61
3.30
3
10
3.65
3.54
4
15
3.76
3.68
5
20
3.80
3.78
6
25
3.90
3.73
-
-
CONCLUSIONS
-
Evaluate the results of Slump by fresh concrete, it give conclusions
-
Concrete mix slump was decreased with addition of Micro fine GGBS in PPC, because number of fine particle increased or surface area increased than concrete mix water demand increased. Slump on 25% addition of Micro fine GGBS in PPC was closed to the control mix concrete slump.
-
Concrete mix slump was increased with partial replacement of Micro fine GGBS in PPC, because cement replaced by micro fine GGBS than concrete mix water demand decreased. Partial replacement of Micro fine GGBS in PPC Slump was increased at all percentage interval compare to the control mix concrete slump.
-
154mm slump was found addition of 5% micro fine GGBS into PPC & 152mm slump was found partial replacement of 10% micro fine GGBS into PPC for M35 grade. 164mm high slump was found partial replacement 25% micro fine GGBS into PPC for M35 grade.
-
160mm slump was found addition of 5% micro fine GGBS into PPC & 160mm slump was found partial replacement of 15% micro fine GGBS into PPC for M40 grade. 169mm high slump was found partial replacement 25% micro fine GGBS into PPC for M40 grade.
-
-
Evaluate the results of density by hardened concrete specimens, it give conclusions
-
Control mix for M35 & M40 grade concrete specimens density was lower compare to M35 & M40 grade concrete specimens with addition & partial replacement of Micro fine GGBS in PPC. Addition and replacement of Micro fine GGBS in PPC for grade M35 & M40 was make a packing material, there internal system develops gel pores, which are smaller than the normal concrete pores of PPC, So compressive strength, flexural strength, Splitting tensile strength greater compare to normal concrete compressive strength, flexural strength, Splitting tensile strength.
-
-
Evaluate the results of compressive Strength by cube specimens, it give conclusions
-
Concrete compressive strength was greater in addition of Micro fine GGBS in PPC compare to partial replacement of Micro fine GGBS in PPC. The compressive strength addition and replacement greater than control mix concrete for M35 & M40 grade.
-
The maximum compressive strength 49.54 N/mm2 was found addition of Micro fine GGBS in PPC for M35 grade, this compressive strength was 14.41% greater than compare to M35 grade control mix concrete. Similarly maximum compressive strength 55.18 N/mm2 was found addition of Micro fine GGBS in PPC for M40 grade, this compressive strength was 14.26% greater than compare to M40 grade control mix concrete.
-
48.71 N/mm2 compressive strength was found addition 20% micro fine GGBS into PPC for grade M35; it was equal to the target value of M40 grade concrete. Similarly 53.27N/mm2 compressive strength was found addition 15% micro fine GGBS into PPC for grade M40; it was equal to the target value of M45 grade concrete.
-
-
Evaluate the results of flexural Strength by beam specimens
-
Concrete Flexural strength was greater in addition of Micro fine GGBS in PPC compare to partial replacement of Micro fine GGBS in PPC. Flexural strength in addition was greater than control mix concrete of M35 & M40 grade.
-
The maximum flexural strength 8.36N/mm2 was found addition 20% Micro fine GGBS in PPC for M35 grade, this flexural strength was 40.26% greater than compare to M35 grade control mix concrete. Similarly maximum flexural strength 9.74N/mm2 was found addition 20% Micro fine GGBS in PPC for M40 grade, this flexural strength was 42.18% greater than compare to M40 grade control mix concrete.
-
-
Evaluate the results of split Tensile Strength by cylinder, it give conclusions
-
Concrete Split tensile strength was greater in addition of Micro fine GGBS in PPC compare to partial replacement of Micro fine GGBS in PPC. Splitting tensile strength in
addition was greater than control mix concrete of M35 & M40 grade.
-
The maximum Split tensile strength 3.38N/mm2 was found addition 25% Micro fine GGBS in PPC for M35 grade, this Split tensile strength was 25.18% greater than compare to M35 grade control mix concrete. Similarly maximum Split tensile strength 3.90 N/mm2 was found addition 25% Micro fine GGBS in PPC for M40 grade, this Split tensile strength was 31.31% greater than compare to M40 grade control mix concrete.
REFERENCES
-
Sonali K. Gadpalliwar, R. S. Deotale, Abhijeet R.Narde, To Study the Partial Replacement of Cement by GGBS & RHA and Natural Sand by Quarry Sand In Concrete IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), Volume 11, Issue 2 ,PP 69-77, (Mar- Apr. 2014),
-
Siddharth P. Upadhyay, M. A. Jamnu Effect on Compressive strength of High Performance Concrete Incorporating Alccofine and Fly Ash. International Journal of Innovative Research & Development, volume 3, issue 2, pp 124-128, February 2014.
-
S. Arivalagan,Sustainable Studies on Concrete with GGBS As a Replacement Material in Cement Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 8, No.3, 2014.
-
Mo.Tofik Y. Patel, Siddharth P Upadhyay, Prof. A.R. Darji, Prof.
M.A. Jamnu To Study on Effect of High Performance Concrete with Alccofine and Waste Glass Powder. International Journal for Scientific Research & Development ISSN 2321-0613, Vol. 2, Issue 04, 2014.
-
Yogendra O. Patil, Prof.P.N.Patil, Dr.Arun Kumar Dwivedi, GGBS as Partial Replacement of OPC in Cement Concrete An Experimental Study International Journal for Scientific Research & Development, ISSN No 2277 – 8179, Volume : 2,November 2013.
-
Abhijit singh Parmar, Dhaval Patel Experimental study on high performance concrete by using alccofine and fly ash. International journal of pure and applied research in engineering and technology 2013,ISSN 2319-507volume 2(5),Published Date: 01/01/2014
-
P. J. Patel and H. S. Patel (2013) High performance concrete with alccofine and fly ash.OPC-53 grade cement replacement by partial of alccofine and fly ash. International Journal of Civil, Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering, Research and Development (IJCSEIERD),ISSN 2249-6866, Vol. 3, Issue 2, 2013,
-
IS 1199:1959, Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
-
IS 2386:1963, Methods of test for aggregates for concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
-
IS 383:1970, Specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete, Bureau of IndianStandards, New Delhi.
-
IS 456:2000, "Plain and Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
-
IS 516:1959, 'METHODS OF TESTS FOR STRENGTH OF
-
CONCRETE., BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS