Design of Industrial Warehouse

Design of Industrial Warehouse

Shivani Meher1

Department of Civil Engineering Vidyavardhinis College of Engineering and Technology

Vasai, India

Sadichha Jagadale3

Department of Civil Engineering Vidyavardhinis College of Engineering and Technology

Vasai, India

Ruchita Nar2

Department of Civil Engineering Vidyavardhinis College of Engineering and Technology

Vasai, India

Gautami Kalal4

Department of Civil Engineering Vidyavardhinis College of Engineering and Technology

Vasai, India

Asst. Prof. Viren Chandanshive5

Department of Civil Engineering Vidyavardhinis College of Engineering and Technology

Vasai, India

Abstract In India, due to rapid growth of industrialization, there arise a need of storage and manufacturing of goods which can be fulfilled by proper designed industrial warehouse. This study gives an idea to carry out the design of an industrial warehouse. This topic of work is decided as to know the different types of force/load effects to be considered while designing industrial warehouse with the help of literature review. This structure is proposed to design according to IS 800:2007 and the dead, live, the wind load analysis is done according to IS 875:1987 (Part-I, Part-II, Part-III). The area for proposed warehouse design was decided and proper architectural plan was prepared according to the requirements. The forces acting on the adjacent members when one of the members is under loading and calculating the excess stresses and ratios induced in these connected members and also, the moments and forces produced are obtained and mentioned. Then different members of warehouse for e.g. Truss members, columns and connections, etc. were designed and final result are obtained. Finally the conclusion is made that warehouse can be designed easily adopting simple design procedure and IS specifications.

Keywords Warehouse, Load Combination ,Dead Load, Live Load, Wind Load, Nodes.

1. INTRODUCTION

   An industrial shed is any building structure used by the industry to store raw materials or for manufacturing products of the industry is known as an industrial building. Industrial buildings may be categorized as Normal type industrial buildings and Special type industrial buildings. Normal types of industrial building are shed type buildings with simple roof structures on open frames. These buildings are used for workshop, warehouses etc. These building require large and clear areas unobstructed by the columns. The large floor area provides sufficient flexibility and facility for later change in the production layout without major building alterations. Special types of industrial buildings are steel mill buildings used for manufacture of heavy machines, production of power etc. The function of the industrial building dictates the degree of sophistication. A structure is a collective result of idea, design, material, man power, time, finance etc. As need is the mother of invention, similarly, type of construction and its proper required design is a necessity.

   1. General

      Typically the bays in industrial buildings have frames spanning the width direction. Several such frames are arranged at suitable spacing to get the required length. Depending upon the requirement, several bays may be constructed adjoining each other. The horizontal and vertical bracings, employed in single and multi-storey buildings, and also trusses are used primarily to resist wind and other lateral loads. These bracings minimize the differential deflection between the different frames due to crane surge in industrial buildings. They also provide lateral support to columns in small and tall buildings, thus increasing the buckling strength. Sheeting, purlin and supporting roof trusses supported on column provide common structural roof system for industrial buildings (Fig.I). Truss includes members such as Top Chord, Bottom Chord, and Web Member.

   2. Loads and load combinations

      • Dead load

        Dead load comprises of self-weight of the structure, weights of roofing, G.I. sheets, gantry girder, crane girder, purlins, sag rods, bracings and other accessories.

      • Live load

        According to IS : 875 (Part 2) 1987, for roof with no access provided, the live load can be taken as 0.75 kN/m2 with a reduction of 0.02 kN/m2 for every one degree above 10 degrees of roof slope.

      • Wind load

        Wind load is calculated as per IS: 875 (Part 3) 1987. The basic wind speed for the location of the building is found to be 15km/h. The wind load over the roof can be provided as point loads acting outward over the CSB panel points.

      • Load combinations:-

   Following codes are used for deciding load combinations and for designing members according to it.

   IS CODE-

   1. IS 875-1987 for load calculation

   3. IS 800:2007 for load calculation

2. LITERATURE STUDY

   This section discusses the literature reviewed related to design of industrial warehouse.

   M. Suneetha completed a numerical study and concluded that Weight of single Truss utilizing Angle and Pipe both is less compared to PEB yet because of Weight of Channel Purlin, Weight of Steel Truss Building is on higher side.

   Vaibhav B. Chavan, determined optimum span length for economy.

   Author C.M. Meera made a comparative study between Pre-Engineered Building (PEB) and Conventional Steel Building (CSB) and analyzing the design frames using structural analysis and design software STAAD PRO.

   Subhrakant Mohakul designed an Industrial warehouse and did a thorough study of behaviour of members due to effect of failure at connecting joints.

   Manan D.Maisuri stated that the consumption of steel of whole industrial building can be reduced by deciding appropriate geometry of truss and by using hollow steel section with compare to conventional steel section. Thus stating tube sections are most economical.

   Research paper by Shaiv Parikh emphasis on the importance of compression members and gives brief description about the characteristics and the behaviour of steel compression members.

   A.Jayaraman presents a study on behavior and economical of roof trusses and channel section purlins by comparison of LSM and WSM.

   Yash Patel states the importance of tubular sections and concludes the economic advantages of tubular sections.

3. OBJECTIVE OF STUDY

   • To identify various loads and load combinations acting on the structure.

   • To design the industrial warehouse as per its drawing details.

   • To check the structure as per is code, with all the members as per the drawings.

4. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

In this research, the region for proposed structure and dimensions were fixed according to the requirement and considering different parameters like storage space required, adequate lighting, etc. The details about warehouse are given below;

TABLE I: DETAILS OF WAREHOUSE

A plan according to requirement and considering architectural aspects was prepared. The plan for the proposed industrial warehouse is given in Fig.III.

Trapezoidal truss was adopted with roof slope 1:5. For this span length, the trapezoidal trusses would be normally efficient and economical. Approximate span to depth ratio is about L/8 to L/12. Truss Spacing may be in the range of 1/4th to 1/5th of the span length. Depth of truss, spacing of trusses, spacing of purlins were decided according to specifications.

Size of GI sheeting varies from 8 to 11 corrugations per sheet. The weights of sheet varies from 50-156 N/m2. Selection of gravity loads generally control the bay size. For buildings without cranes, a 9m bay is the most suitable and economical choice. Function of bracing is to transfer horizontal loads from the frames to foundation. Purlins acts as lateral bracings to the compression chords. The lateral ties provide similar functions to the bottom chord members when they are subjected to compression due to reversal of loading. Purlin is a part of roof bracing system. The weight of purlin in the total weight of steel structure could vary from 10-25%. The weight of purlin may be equal to or greater than the weight of the trusses. Spacing of purlin depends largely on the maximum safe span of roof covering and the glazing sheets. The purlin spacing may vary from 1.5-1.75m. The depth of the truss determines its stiffness in relation to its span and also its economy. Roof depth range from 1/12 to 1/8 of the span for continuous trusses.

Loading consideration is as follows: dead load calculation includes GI sheeting weight, fixings, services, roof dead load, weight of purlin, and self-weight of one truss. Then calculation is carried out for nodal dead loads. As per IS 875 (Part 3)-1987 wind load calculated by considering basic wind speed in Mumbai=44m/s. Wind load F on roof truss by static wind method is given by (clause 6.2.3.2 of IS 875) as follows:

F=(Cpi-Cpe)*A*Pd

After getting wind load, calculation of wind pressure were carried out and results are tabulated. (Table II). For designing one should consider critical wind pressure/loads given in Table

1. After calculations of all the loads, load combinations adopted are as follows:

   (Clause 3.5.1 and 5.3.3 IS 800: 2007) (DL*1.5)+ (LL*1.5)

   (DL*1.5)+ (WL*1.5)

   In the design of any industrial shed design of truss member is most important part. There are various types of truss:- King Post Truss, Pitched Pratt Truss, Fan Truss, Queen Post Truss, Trapezoidal Truss, Mansard Truss, Cambered Truss, etc. For span of 30m trapezoidal truss is most economical. Hence trapezoidal type of truss was adopted (fig. II and III).

   Truss consists of members that are: Top chord member, bottom chord member, web member, side runner, tie runner, etc. Before actual design of members, analysis of truss were carried out by simple manual procedure. Truss members can carry compression or tension force, after analysing maximum force is considered for design. The members of the trusses are made of either rolled steel sections or built-up sections depending upon the span length and intensity of loading. Rolled steel single or double angles, T sections, hollow section, square or rectangular sections (Fig. IV) are used in roof trusses

   of industrial buildings. Each member is designed and checked as per IS 800.

   Columns are designed as a compression member carrying loads coming from the roof structure. After all component members of warehouse connections were designed to join column to truss and internal connections between truss, etc.

   Fig. I. Truss and column design

   Fig. II. Component parts of Trapezoidal Truss

   Fig. IV. Various types of steel section

   Fig. III. Trapezoidal Truss

   FIG. V. AUTOCAD PLAN

   TABLE II. WIND LOAD ON ROOF TRUSS

   Wind angle	Pressure coefficients			Cpe ± Cpi		A* Pd	Wind load (KN)
   	Cpe		Cpi
   	Windward	leeward		Windward	Leeward		Windward	Leeward
   0o	-1.1	-0.4	-0.5	-1.6	-0.9	15.31	-24.624	-15.779
   			0.5	-0.6	0.1	15.31	-9.186	-0.9186
   90o	-0.79	-0.79	-0.5	-1.29	-1.29	15.31	-19.749	-19.744
   			0.5	-0.29	-0.29	15.31	-4.439	-4.439

   TABLE III CRITICAL WIND LOADS

   Wind angle	windward side		Leeward side
   	Intermediate nodes(w3)	End and apex nodes(w3/2)	Intermediate nodes (w4)	End and apex Nodes(w4/2)
   0o	-24.624	-12.312	-13.779	-6.8895
   90o	-19.749	-9.8749	-19.749	-9.8745

   1. ABBREVATIONS IS = Indian Standard

      Dl = Dead load Ll = Live load Wl = Wind load

      Cpi = Internal pressure coefficient Cpe = External wind coefficient A = Area

      Pd = Design wind pressure

   2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

      All members are designed according to the loads coming on the structure and as per IS code specifications. Results obtained are as follows:

      TABLE IV. SUMMARY OF RESULTS

      Member	Section provided
      Top chord	2ISA 200*200*24
      Bottom chord	2ISA 110*110*8
      Web member	2ISA 150*150*18
      Column 1	ISHB 450@87.2 kg
      Column 2	ISWB 600@145.1 kg
      Rafter bracing	ISA 90*90*6
      Purlin	ISMC 100

   3. SCOPE AND APPLICATIONS

      Purchase of raw material is an integral part of any business. These raw materials need to be kept in a safe place, hence in order to rectify this need warehouse are constructed. In future due to rapid growth in industrialization there will occur a great need to construct economically efficient warehouses. The design will serve the purpose of storage of goods.

      Applications:

      • Various industries requires warehouse to store their goods such as packing warehouses, Railway warehouses, Canal warehouses, Cool warehouses and cold storage.

      • The calculations and design is executed considering economy and safety factors.. The factors and steps highlighted while execution of project is important to design any other industrial shed.

      • Efficient designing and analysis for any similar industrial shed which is to be constructed.

      • Getting to know factors affecting the construction.

   4. CONCLUSION

      In this dissertation, Numerical study was completed considering Mumbai Region, the necessary and appropriate loads and loading combinations were adopted. AUTOCAD plan was prepared followed by load calculations. Based on which different members like truss members, columns, purlins, etc. were selected and designed. The entire process was completed as per the standards laid down by Indian Standard. The paper effectively conveys that the industrial warehouse can be easily designed by simple design procedure in accordance with the country standards.

   5. REFERENCES

1. M.Suneetha1,Naresh Kumar, Gillela Reddy October 2016, Design and Analysis of Industrial Building with Gable Roof by using STAAD.PRO International Journal of Advance Technology In Engineering and Science.

2. Vaibhav B. Chavan, Vikas N. Nimbalkar And Abhishek P. Jaiswal, Vol. 3, Issue 2, February 2014 Economic Evaluation Of Open And Hollow Stuctural Sections In Industrial Trusses, Aci Structural Journal.

3. C.M. Meera, June 2013 Pre- Engineered Building Design of an Industrial warehouse. International Journal of Engineering Sciences and Emerging Technologies.

4. Subhrakant Mohakul, Dr. Shaikh Yajdani, Abhay Dhurde,August 2014 Design of industrial storage shed and analysis of stresses produced on failure of a joint. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology.

5. Manan D.Maisuri, Hitesh K.Dhameliya, Hiten L.Kheni, Vol.1 Issue 12, December 2013, Review Of Comparison Between Conventional Steel And Tubular Steel Section For Multi Span Industrial Shed With Truss And Portal Frame International Journal of Advance Engineering and Research Development.

6. Shaiv Parikh ,Design of Steel Compression Members (According To IS: 800)

7. Yash Patel, Shreepalsinh Gohil, Dr .Tausif Kauswala ,Het Parmar, volume 3 issue 10, april2006, Analysis And Design Of Conventional Industrial Roof Truss And Compare It With Tubular Industrial Roof Truss International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering.

8. A.Jayaraman, R Geethamani, N Sathyakumar,N Karthiga Shenbagam,Design and Economical of Roof Trusses & Purlins (comparison of LSM and WSM)

9. Design of Steel Structures by N. Subramanian