Hydro-Geo chemistry of Pallecheruvu Lake

Hydro-Geo chemistry of Pallecheruvu Lake

1S. Ramanarayan,

1Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,

Auroras Scientific Technological Research Academy, Hyderabad, India

3K.V.R. Satya Sai ,

3Research Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering,

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Anantapur, India

2 A. Manjunath,

2Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,

MVSR Engineering College, Nadergul, Hyderabad, India

4 C. Jenifa Latha, 5 K. Sharan Kumar

4Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,

Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, TamilNadu, India

AbstractGroundwater samples were collected from the surrounding regions of Pallecheruvu Lake. Pallecheruvu lake is located in the southern part of the Hyderabad city ,between latitudes 17020 N and 17030N and longitudes 7802730E and 78030E , covering an area of about 16.8 hectares. 15 Groundwater samples from selected bore wells and 4 surface water samples were analysed for important physico-chemical attributes by adopting APHA standard methods. The study aims to understand the distribution of groundwater quality in aforesaid region. The following objectives of the study are to determine groundwater quality parameters such as pH, Chlorides (mg/l), Acidity, Alkalinity, Total dissolved Solids, Electrical Conductivity, Turbidity and to create a database and create various thematic maps and map the spatial distribution of groundwater quality in the study area. Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation method was used to create various raster maps which show the spatial distribution. Iso concentration map are prepared by using QGIS software. Iso-concentration maps are very useful for predicting the quality of water and to know the concentrations of different elements at different places.

Key Words- GIS, Interpolation, Spatial Analysis, Water quality, GPS.

1. INTRODUCTION

   Water quality is very important in view for all water development projects as it affects different categories of water use-for humans, for animals, for crops, and even for industry. The weathering of soil and rock minerals creates soluble organic ions in all natural waters. The weathered products of the rock-forming minerals are released and transported by the action of the geological agent called water. Hence the type and

   concentration of an ion in water depends upon the nature of rock-forming mineral, its solubility, and its ability to resist weathering in fresh water or carbonated water (due to dissolution of atmospheric CO2 in rain water), climate and local topography. Apart from aforementioned causes, solubility of minerals is affected by pH, particularly of iron and manganese hydroxides that decrease, and aluminum hydroxide which increase with the increase of pH. Acid-base reactions are important in groundwater because of their influence on pH that is a master variable in controlling chemical systems. pH

   determines the distribution of carbonate. Describing the concentration or relative abundance of major and minor constituents and the pattern of variability is part of many water investigations which happens to be the part of study here. The objectives of the study are-

   1. To determine groundwater quality parameters such as pH, Alkalinity, Electrical conductivity, Cl-,Acidity, Turbidity, Total dissolved solids.

   2. To map the spatial distribution of groundwater quality in the study area by using Quantum GIS based on Inverse distance Weight (IDW) interpolation techniques.

   The procedure used to predict the values of cells at locations that lack sampled points is called interpolation. IDW is a deterministic interpolaton technique which develops surfaces based on measured points and extent of similarity of cells. A iso-concentration map is obtained by interpolating point data. In order to understand the spatial nature of groundwater quality in the study area, Isoconcentration maps are prepared by using QGIS software for different water quality parameters.

2. STUDY AREA

   Pallecheruvu Lake is situated in the southern part of the city along Inner ring road, covering an area of about 10.6 hectares. The study area lies between the latitude of 1720, 1730and longitude 782730, 7830 in the South Hyderabad (Figure 1). Rock type in study area is unclassified older granite and Granitic Gneiss.

   Fig.1.Location Map

3. MATERIALS AND METHODS

   The present study was carried out in near residential-cum- commercial area of South Hyderabad. A total of 19 water samples were collected and each sample was given ID such as S1 to S19. The locations of the samples are collected by using handheld GPS (Table 1). Four water samples were collected from surface of the lake and 15 from bore wells.

   For the surface water analysis, the lake water was sampled at the following points: Inlet, Centre 1, Centre 2 and Outlet. Existing bore wells of the study area were considered as the points to draw the samples. Fifteen borewells were selected as the sampling points lying within 1-2 kms radius of Pallecheruvu Lake to collect the groundwater samples. The points selected were distributed in the entire area to represent true representative about the quality of groundwater. The locations of the sampling points are shown in the Figure 1 and table 1.

   TABLE I

   SAMPLE LOCATIONS WITH THEIR GPS VALUES

   Sample	Type	Lat	long	Station
   S1	Bore well	17018.966	78027.372	Ambedkar statue
   S2	Bore well	17018.952	78027.402	pride OS function hall
   S3	Bore well	17018.929	78027.621'	White palace
   S4	Bore well	17018.868	78027.518'	Evergreen function hall
   S5	Bore well	17018.885	78027.485'	Modern Motors
   S6	Bore well	17018.968	78027.422'	Kailash Dal industry
   S7	Bore well	17018.958	78027.485'	GMR parking
   S8	Bore well	17018.840'	78027.523'	Amar Boys Hostel
   S9	Bore well	17018.854	78027.442'	Rose garden
   S10	Bore well	17018.915	78027.366'	ZAS motors
   S11	Bore well	17018.897	78027.345'	Resident building-1
   S12	Bore well	17018.881	78027.342'	Resident Building-2
   S13	Bore well	17018.895	78027.334'	Resident building-3
   S14	Bore well	17018.844	78027.386'	Pallecheruvu Temple
   S15	Bore well	17018.600	78027.397'	Aurora College
   S16	Surface water	17018.788'	78027.387'	Pallecheruvu centre
   S17	Surface water	17018.703'	78027.409'	Pallecheurvu corner
   S18	Surface water	17018.844'	78027.386'	Pallecheurvu corner
   S19	Surface water	17018.307'	78027.200'	Pallechuruvu corner

   These samples were analyzed for different parameters by following standard methods (APHA, 1998). Therefore the aim is to study the Physico-chemical characteristics in order to understand the quality of water. The detailed methods are given in the flowchart (Figure 2). Groundwater samples were collected from selected borewells as per the standard procedure. Two litre precleaned PVC (polyvinyl chloride) cans thoroughly rinsed with distilled water were used for collection of samples. The borewell water was released for 3 to 5 minutes before collecting samples into the cans, so as to wash out the local impurities and to empty the water standing in the service pipe. The containers are labeled describing the date of collection, time of collection, sampling location, and conditions under which sampling is done. The collected samples were carried to laboratory and were analysed. The samples were analysed within 24 hours of the collection.

   Fig.2.Methodology flow chart showing various steps of study

4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

   The spatial quality of ground water for various parameters is shown in the figure 3 to figure 9.

   Fig.3.Drainage Map Of The Study Area

   Fig.4.Iso Concentration Map- Turbidity

   Fig.5. Iso Concentration Map -Electrical Conductivity

   The analysis results were compared with drinking water standards (IS 10500 1991) to assess the quality of groundwater in the study area (table 2).

   TABLE II ANALYTICAL REPORT

   S.no.	Parameters with Units	Range in samples	Mean	IS standard
   1	pH	6.98-7.83	7.12	6.5-8.5
   2	TDS(mg/l)	140.32-700.76	383.1	500
   3	Turbidity(NTU)	0.18-0.45	0.38	1
   4	Chloride(mg/l)	152-162	155.11	250
   5	Electrical Conductivity(s/cm)	100-200	136.84	300
   6	Alkalinity(mg/l)	910-927	915.63	200
   7	Acidity(mg/l)	900-915	904.63	200

   Fig.6. ISO Concentration Map Chloride Content

   Fig.7.ISO Concentration Map -pH

   Fig.8.Iso-Concentration Map-Acidity

   Fig.9.Iso Concentration Map-Alkalinity

5. CONCLUSIONS

The quality of groundwater collected from the study area was studied by analysis of the Physico-chemical parameters. The main purpose of this study was to create a database, map and assess the groundwater quality in study area. From the study it is inferred that the pH in most of the wells in the area is acidic and alkaline in nature. However in most of locations the groundwater is suitable for drinking.

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