Design and Fabrication of Electric Bicycle

Design and Fabrication of Electric Bicycle

Ranjan Kumar1, Munna Kumar2, Pradyumn Sap, Mustaim Alam4 Prof. Dr. M. Asok Raj Kumar,

M. E. Ph.D5.

1 UG Student, ,

2Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Gnanamani College Of Technology( Nh-Ak.Samuthiram Pachal(Po), Namakkal Dt.Tamilnadu.Pin:637018)

Abstract- The main aim of this review paper is to present the idea of harnessing the various energy and use it in todays existence of human life .Now-a-days there are so many vehicles on road, which consumes more fuel and also hazards our environment. It is our responsibility to reduce the consumption of fuel and its hazardous emission products. Taking this into consideration it is our small step towards reducing the use of more fuel consuming vehicles and attract the eye of people towards its alternatives i.e. Electric bicycle. So we intend to design a cycle which would run on an alternative source and also reducing human efforts called as Battery Operated Cycle. In this paper we design an alternative mode of transport for betterment of social and environment.

Keywords: Direct Current Motor (DC Motor),

1. NTRODUCTION

   The electric bicycle is an electrical-assisted device that is designed to deliver the electromagnetic momentums to a present bicycle therefore relieving the user of producing the energy essential to run the bicycle. It contains a strong motor and enough battery power that just needs charging to help in hill climbing, generate greater motoring speeds and provide completely free electric transportation. Electric vehicles price more and perform poorer than their gasoline counterparts. The aim is that mainly because gasoline cars have promoted from a century of intensive development; electric cars have been virtually overlooked for several years. Even today, gasoline cars profit from billions of dollars of research every year while electric vehicles receive a small fraction of that quantity of money. The primary principle for the Universities support of the electric- powered over the petrol powered has been towards improving air quality, though air quality alone is not a satisfactory justification to mandate electric

   bicycles. The single biggest advantage of electric bicycle is that it is cost operative as it mainly only entails building cost as running cost would only require the charging of the battery. An Electric bicycle would, however offer other solid benefits that are overlooked by the marketplace. These include the intense reduction in oil consumption that its widespread use would bring about. Much less oil would be needed because only a tiny proportion of electricity is generated from oil. The further major non-market benefit would be lower greenhouse gas emissions.

2. DC MOTOR

   A DC motor is one of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical power into mechanical power. The most mutual types rely on the forces created by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have specific internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in portion of the motor.

   DC motors were the first type commonly used, since they could be powered from present direct-current lighting power distribution systems. A DC motor's speed can be controlled over a extensive range, using either a variable supply voltage or by changing the strength of current in its field windings. Tiny DC motors are used in tools, toys, and appliances. The universal motor can operate on direct current but is a lightweight motor used for convenient power tools and appliances. Bigger DC motors are used in propulsion of electric vehicles, elevator and hoists, or in drives for steel rolling mills. The arrival of power electronics has made replacement of DC motors with AC motors possible in many applications.

   Working Principle: – A motor is an electrical machine which translates electrical energy into mechanical energy. The principle of working of a DC motor is that "whenever a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it practices a mechanical force".

   Fig.1 Working of Electric DC Motor.

3. CONTROLLER

   Fig.2 Controller Device

   A) Speed Control Basics:-

   The speed controller of an electric bike is an electronic circuit that not only controls the speed of an electric motor but also serves as a dynamic brake. This controller unit uses power from the battery box and drives it to the motor. Different forms of controllers are used for brushed

   C) Plug:-

   Fig.3 Functions of Pins

   and brushless motors. For adaptive e-bikes, a conversion kit is used and the controller is the core component of that kit.

   1. Function:-

      The electric bike speed controller sends signals to the bike's motor in many voltages. These signals detect the direction of a rotor relative to the starter coil. The suitable function of a speed control depends on the employment of various mechanisms. In a purpose-built electric bike, Hall effect sensors help detects the location of the rotor. If your speed controller does not include such sensors and the speed controller on an adaptive bike may not the electromotive force of the un-driven coil is calculated to get the rotor orientation.

      The mechanism of an electric speed controller differs depending on whether you own an adaptive or purpose- build electric bike. An adaptive bike includes an electric drive system installed on an normal bicycle. A purpose- built bike, more expensive than an adaptive bike, provides easier acceleration and affords extra features.

      1. Red & Black (large cable) : Battery connections

      2. Yellow & Blue : Motor connections 3.Red & Blue : Key Switch(power lock)

   (If there is no power door locks, red connection to blue)

   4.Yellow & black : brake 5.Red & Yellow: Brake light

   1. Red&Black(small cable) : indicator light

   2. Red, Black & Blue: Speed Regulator 1-4 V Throttle (Red : +5v, Black : – , Blue :Signal Wire)

   3. Red & Black (small cable): Charger

4. WORKING

The working of our project basically explain by using the five blocks as follows

1. Battery.

2. Motor Controller Circuitry.

3. Electric motor.

4. Chain and Sprocket.

5. Bicycle speed Rotation.

   Fig 4 Block diagram of the Electric bicycle construction process

   1. Battery:-

      Two lead acid rechargeable batteries of 12v, 9 amp are used which are connected in parallel position. It basically stores the electrical energy generated and utilise it to run the motor. A battery has a positive terminal called cathode and negative terminal called anode. The terminal marked positive is at higher electric potential energy and the terminal marked negative is source of electrons when connected to external circuit will flow and deliver energy to external device Rechargeable batteries are recharged multiple times.

   2. Motor Controller Circuitry:-

      It used to control all the working of cycle.

      N2 = 169 rpm

      Step 3:-

      Diameter of wheel =650mm Circumference of wheel =

      =3.14*650

      =2041mm

      Step 4:-

      Speed of vehicle = speed of wheel X circumference of wheel

      =169 X 2041

      =344418075 mm/min

      =344.41 m/min

      =20665 m/hr

      =20.66 Km/hr

      VI. REQUIRED POWER TO DRIVE BICYCLE

      Step (1)

      Total load act on bicycle is as follow Normal weight of person =65 kg

      =65*9.81

      =637.65N

      eight of bicycle = 5 kg

      = 5*9.81

      = 49.N

      N Other Miscellaneous load =5 Kg

   3. Electric Motor:-

      Use the specific motor having suitable power and torque according to design.

   4. Chain and Sprocket:-

      Take the suitable material & no. of teeth according to center distance.

   5. Bicycle Wheel Rotation:-

Provide the torque and speed to the wheel through out sprocket.

V. NO LOAD SPEED CALCULATION

Step 1 :-

Number of teeth on smaller sprocket ( motor) (t1) = 9 Number of teeth on larger sprocket ( bicycle) (t2) = 18 Speed on smaller sprocket (motor) (N1) = 3300 rpm By using reduction ratio (9.78), speed will be reduced to 338 rpm

Speed on larger sprocket (bicycle) ( N2) = ?

Step 2 :-

Using speed ratio formulae,

N1t1 = N2t2

=5*9.81

= 49.05 N

The total load = (637.65+49+49.04)

= 735.65N

Step (2)

To find reaction on each wheel, The above total load which is divided equally on both wheel

Force (Ffw) =Force(Frw)

=735./2

=367.8N

Where reaction on rear and front wheel are as follows

Rfw=Rrw

=0.2*340.5

=73.56 N

Step (3)

To find torque on each wheel Total torque=Tfw+Trw

To find Torque on Front Wheel

T1 = Rfw*(D÷2)

=68.1*[(65*10-2)/2]

=22.1325Nm T1=T2=22.1325Nm

Total torque on wheel=44.265 Nm

Step(4)

To find power on motor = 391.69 watt

PRO E DESIGN

VII. CONCLUSION

This project is designed to improve the normal bicycle and make it extra efficient. The electric bicycle is a hybrid and so it can run electrically and can also be pedaled thereby still retaining the exercise people drive from riding bicycle.

The calculated No load speed of bicycle is

=

20.66Km/hr

The Required power is =391.69 watt

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