Performance study of MIMO-OFDM System with Various Equalizers

Performance study of MIMO-OFDM System with Various Equalizers

Yashvant Dhiwer

ME scholar, Communication System SSGI Bhilai, C.G

Rakesh Mandal Assistant professor, SSGI Bhilai, C.G

AbstractHigh data rate information and strong reliability in wireless communication has become the most important factor for the commercial wireless networks. Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is the most popular and competitive technology for its capability of high rate transmission and its robustness against multipath fading. System quality is a major challenge for high speed data communication; because MIMO-OFDM system also experiences some degradation in quality due to inter symbol interference it occurs due to multipath fading channels.

Here in this work following seven different equalizing techniques are implemented and their performances are compared.

1. Zero forcing equalizer.

2. Minimum mean square equalizer.

3. Zero forcing- serial interference cancellation equalizer.

4. Zero forcing-SIC equalizer with optimal ordering

5. Minimum mean square equalizer- serial interference cancellation equalizer (MMSE-SIC)

6. Maximum likelihood equalizer

7. Maximum likelihood VBLAST

   Keywords-Copyright Equalizer, MIMO-OFDM, ISI

   1. INTRODUCTION

      HIGH-DATA-RATE transmission over mobile or wireless channels is required by many applications. MIMO-OFDM , shows the capability of high data rate transmission and its robustness against multi-path fading.

      MIMO-OFDM transmit stream of independent data information to increase rate of transmission over different antennas and tone. The bandwidth OFDM is divided into narrow band flat fading channels and data is transmitted on each channel. It converts frequency selective channels to many flat fading channels and to each of sub channels the MIMO is applied.

      DATA

   2. LITERATURE REVIEW

      Nisha et. al. analysed BER performance of the MIMO- OFDM system with two different equalizers (ZF and MMSE) for various modulation techniques i.e. BPSK, QPSK, 16- QAM and 64-QAM using multipath fading channels i.e. AWGN (Additive White Gaussian Noise), Rayleigh and Rician channel. On comparing with BPSK modulation, 64- QAM, then 16- QAM and then the QPSK modulation is more sensitive to fading for MMSE equalizer. But for ZF equalizer, when comparing with BPSK modulation, 16-QAM, then 64- QAM and then the QPSK modulation is more sensitive to fading. And also MMSE equalizer outperforms ZF equalizer. Hence their simulation results show that, with MMSE and ZF equalizers, the BER performances is better in MMSE equalizer [2].

      Kajal H. Tailor et. al. discussed performance of a MIMO- OFDM system. They presented a study of various interference effects in a MIMO-OFDM system and their compensation techniques. As MIMO-OFDM system degrades in presence of RF impairments like phase noise and I/Q imbalance and other interferences like ICI (intercarrier interference) and NBI (narrowband interference). So they encourage Low-complexity estimation and compensation techniques that can jointly remove the effect of these impairments are highly desirable [2].

      Jitendra Kumar et. al. analyzed performance of space-time codes for wireless multiple-antenna systems with and without channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. They found that the performance of multiple antennas can be improved if channel state information obtained at the receiver is fed back to the transmitter. Exploiting partial channel knowledge at the transmitter, two simple channel adaptive transmission schemes, namely, channel adaptive code selection and channel adaptive transmit antenna selection can been used[3].

      Sajjad Ahmed et. al. discussed the channel estimation in

      SYMBOLS XD1

      PILOT SYMBOLS XP1

      XD2 XP2

      XPM XPM

      OFDM MODULATOR 1

      OFDM MODULATOR 2

      OFDM MODULATOR M

      OFDM DEMODULATOR 1

      OFDM DEMODULATOR 2

      OFDM DEMODULATO R M

      Fig.1 MIMO-OFDM System

      CHANNEL ESTIMATION

      & DETECTION

      OFDM and its implementation using pilot based block type channel estimation techniques by LS and MMSE algorithms. They compared OFDM using BPSK and QPSK on different channels, followed by modeling the LS and MMSE estimators. As transmitted signal under goes many effects such reflection, refraction and diffraction and due to the mobility, the channel response can change rapidly over time. At receiver these channel effects must be canceled to recover the original signal. The BER of AWGN channel is approximately 10-4 which is better than Rayleigh fading and

      flat fading channel at SNR of 10dB using BPSK & QPSK on different number of taps. The MMSE is compared with LS and the MMSE performs better than the LS using 3 taps

      effect of 2 from the received vector 1and 2, and then re- estimate 1.

      1. MMSE- SIC

         where the performance metric is mean square and symbol error rate. LS algorithm gives less complexity but MMSE algorithm provides comparatively better results [4].

   3. PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

      [1 ] = [ + ]1 [

      2 0

      1. Maximum Likelihood Receiver

      1 ]

      2

      (6)

      Inter symbol interference (ISI) is distortion of a signal in which one symbol interferes with succeeding symbols. As the previous symbols have similar effect as noise, this leads to unreliability of channel. Multipath propagation and non- linear frequency response of a channel leads to ISI in

      The maximum likelihood receiver tries to find which minimizes,

      2

      2

      = | |2 (7)

      successive symbols which blur these signals. ISI also introduces errors in the decision device at the receiver output.

      = |[1 ] [

      1,1 1,2] [

      1 ]|

      (8)

      ISI is needed to be minimized so that digital data reaches

      2

      2,1 2,2

      2

      destination with the smallest error rate. Adaptive equalization is one of the techniques to reduce.

   4. METHODOLOGY

      In this work different equalizing techniques, which are implemented and their performances are compared.

      A. Zero Force

      The zero forcing equalizer can be designed as.

      W = (HHH)1HH (1)

      F. V-Blast Maximum Likelihood

      F

      F

      c = argminr CH2

      c = argminTrHH. CH. C. H HH

      2. Real(Tr[HH. CH. r]) (9)

      Above equation can be re written for multiple receivers as shown in

      Mr

      m

      m

      c = argmin TrHH . CH. C. H HH

      Zero forcing equalizer basically tries to null out the interfering terms i.e. it tries to nullify the interference due tox2 when solving for x1 and vice versa.

      1. Zero Forcing With SIC

         m=1

         2. Real(Tr[HH. CH. r])

         (10)

         By applying the ZF equalization approach with SIC technique, the receiver can obtain an estimate of two transmitted symbols x1 ,x2 i.e.

         [x1] = (HHH)1HH [y1] (2)

         x2 y2

         Take one of the estimated symbols and subtract its effect from the received vector y1 and y2 i.e.

         Here . is a Hermition operator.

         The main drawback of the VBLAST detection algorithms is computational complexity, because multiple calculations of the pseudo-inverse of the channel matrix are required.

   5. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

      In this work seven various demodulation techniques are studied, designed and simulated. Some of these equalization

      r1 y1 p,2×2

      p,1×1 + n1

      techniques ae based on V-Blast algorithm. On the basis of

      [r2] = [y2

      p,2x

      2] = [h

      2,1×1

      + n ] (3)

      their performance, their comparison graph is being traced. The comparison is being done by varying Signal to noise

      2

      2

      1. ZF-SIC With Optimal Ordering

      Here the system can choose whether to subtract the effect of 1first or 2first.

      The received power at both the antennas corresponding to the transmitted symbol 1 is,

      Ratio and finding their respective Bit Error Rate for various equalization technique. In the next page, Fig. 2 show that ZF equalizer for 2×2 MIMO-OFDM channel is identical for BER plot 1×1 system. It also show that the MMSE equalizer is better than ZF and it provide the result around 3db improvement over the result of Zero Forcing equalizer. Having the successive interference cancellation again

      Px1

      = |p,1

      |2 + |h

      2,1

      |2 (4)

      improve the performance of the system ZF-SIC shows the better result than ZF and MMSE system. The performance of

      Similarly for 2 is,

      Px2

      = |p,2

      |2 + (5)

      system can be improved by using optimal ordering along with successive interference cancellation with different linear equalize like ZF and MMSE.MMSE-SIC show quite better result than all other equalizer except maximum likelihood

      If Px1 > Px2 then the receiver decides to remove the effect of 1 from the received vector 1and 2 and then Re- estimate2. Else if Px1 Px2 the receiver decides to subtract

      which has shown the best BER performance. The performance of maximum likelihood can be improved by using V-BLAST technique with it. This again improves the

      system performance. The MIMO-OFDM system with V- BLAST-Maximum likelihood shows the performance very close to MRC case and the throughput gain and diversity gain both can be achieved.

   6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

An equalization technique is required at receiver section of high data rate wireless systems to reduce inter symbol interference in fading channels which can also be improved by using VBLAST technique. In this work, performances of 2×2 MIMO OFDM System with BPSK as input signal with different equalization techniques with and without VBLAST has been studied and best equalizer in Rayleigh multipath fading environment is tried to found out. To counter Inter Symbol Interference, LMS criterion in utilized in MMSE Equalizer. Hence MMSE is giving better result than ZF it provide 3dB improvement. However its result is further increased by 2.2dB if system is performed with Zero Forcing successive Interference Cancellation Technique. The output of the system can be improved by using optimal ordering in existing equalization techniques like Zero Forcing-successive Interference Cancellation Technique with optimal ordering But MMSE-SIC give better result than ZF-SIC with optimal ordering but among all these three techniques discussed, Maximum Likelihood Equalization Technique with V- BLAST is givinglowest and fastest regression in BER with increase in signal to noise ratio. So performance of Maximum likelihood-VBLAST is best than other equalization techniques.

This work can be enhanced by utilizing under listed propositions.

1. This system is a 2 input 2 output MIMO-OFDM system, which can be enhance to more numbers of inputs and outputs channels.

2. Path of signal transmission, assumed here is Rayleigh Channel. This system can be checked for Rician Channel also.

3. System designed is for minimizing effect of Inter Symbol Interference only. So a system can also be thought of which can reduce problems of PAPR and ICI.

REFRENCES

[1]. Taewon Hwang, Chenyang Yang, OFDM And Its Wireless Applications: A Survey, IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 16, No. 3, March 2012.

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[3]. Jitendra Kumar Daksh, Ravi Mohan, Sumit Sharma, A Survey Of Performance Analysis In MIMO-OFDM Systems, IJACR,ISSN-2277- 7970,Volume-3, Number-2, Issue-10,Pp 91-94,June-2013.

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[8]. MadanLal, HamneetArora, BER Performance Of Different Modulation Schemes For MIMO Systems, IJCSNS, Vol.11, No.3,Pp- 69-72,March 2011.

[9]. Garima Malik, Amandeep Singh Sappal, Adaptive Equalization Algorithms: An Overview, IJACSA, Vol. 2, No.3,Pp-62-67, March 2011.

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[11]. Gurpreet Singh, Priyanka Mishra, Rahul Vij, BER analysis of V- BLAST system under various channel, modulation techniques in mobile radio channels, IACSIT press, IPCSIT, vol.47.

[12]. Sukhchain Singh, Gurpreet Singh, Amit Grover, Performance Evaluation Of ML-VBLAST System Using Various Antenna Configurations With Ricean And Rayleigh Channel, Innovative System Design And Engineering, ISSN 2222-2871,Vol 3, 2012.

[13]. Kushal V Patel, V-BLAST Architecture: A new Transmission Scheme for MIMO-OFDM, JIKRECE.

[14]. Shreedhar.A.Joshi ,anusha,performance analysis of V-BLAST detection techniques for MIMO Technology,ACEEEE, ISBN 97898107-1847-3.

				Ideal Tx=1,Rx=1 Ideal Tx=1,Rx=2 Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,ZF Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,MMSE Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,ZFSIC Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,ZFSIC OPT ORD Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,MMSE-SIC Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,ML Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,ML V-BLAST

				Ideal Tx=1,Rx=1 Ideal Tx=1,Rx=2 Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,ZF Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,MMSE Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,ZFSIC Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,ZFSIC OPT ORD Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,MMSE-SIC Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,ML Practical,Tx=2,Rx=2,ML V-BLAST

Comparison of BER for BPSK modulation with Various Equalization Techniques

-1

10

-2

Bit Error Rate

Bit Error Rate

10

-3

10

-4

10

-5

10

0 5 10 15 20 25

Average Signal To Noise Ratio,dB

Fig.2 BER Plot For 2×2 MIMO-OFDM System for BPSK Modulation in Rayleigh Channel