DOI : 10.17577/IJERTCONV3IS16091
- Open Access
- Total Downloads : 17
- Authors : S. Pavithra, C. R. Balamurugan, Dr. S. P. Natarajan, Dr. B. Shanthi
- Paper ID : IJERTCONV3IS16091
- Volume & Issue : TITCON – 2015 (Volume 3 – Issue 16)
- Published (First Online): 30-07-2018
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
- License:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Analysis on a Symmetrical Three Phase Nine Level Inverter with Reduced Switches
S. Pavithra Department of EEE Arunai Engg. College Tiruvannamalai, India
-
R. Balamurugan Department of EEE Arunai Engg. College Tiruvannamalai, India
Dr. S. P. Natarajan Department of EIE Annamalai University Chidambaram, India
Dr. B. Shanthi
CSIL Laboratory Annamalai University Chidambaram, India
Abstract In this paper presents symmetrical nine level cascaded multilevel inverter with reduction of switching component for various pulse width modulation technique and various references waveform. In conventional CHB inverters required high number of switching components, it appear to more complex control circuitry and bulky. The Proposed cascaded multilevel inverter output voltage level rising by using less number of switches driven by the multicarrier modulation techniques. This paper presents generalized structure, Operation, comparison with other conventional topology, Simulation results with MATLAB/SIMULINK and experimental results.
KeywordsCHB,Symmetrical inverter,MATLAB/SIMULINK Software.
-
INTRODUCTION
Multi Level Inverter (MLI) offers a number of advantages when compared to the conventional multilevel inverter. The stepped approximation of the sinusoidal output waveform with higher levels reduces the THD harmonic distortion of the output waveform and the stresses across the semiconductor devices and also allows higher current/voltage and power ratings. The depreciates switching frequency of each individual switch of the inverter also decreased the switching losses and improves the efficiency of the inverter. Rathore et al. (2015) to propose a new optimal pulse width modulation strategy for a cascaded seven-level inverter such that maximum switching frequency is limited to rated fundamental frequency (50/60 Hz) and all power devices operate at identical switching frequency. Ruderman et al. (2015) simple smooth hyperbolic voltage THD above and below bound approximations for single phase and three phase inverters with nearest synchronous switching. Haw et al. (2015) the proposed algorithm increases the transient performance of the closed-loop system with only proportional controller and reduces the STATCOM reactive current ripples. Mokhberdoran et al. (2014) the proposed cascaded multilevel inverter has been examine in both symmetric and asymmetric operation modes. A great perfection in voltage levels with less number of switching devices has been obtained in both symmetric and asymmetric modes. Ajami et
al. (2014) the proposed multilevel inverter results in reduction of switches devices, relevant gate driver circuits and also the installation area and inverter cost. Chattopadhyay et al. (2014) the concept has the capability of self-balancing during negative and positive cycles without any closed-loop control/algorithm, and it does not consume any power. Filho et al. (2013) this technique uses genetic algorithms to obtain switching angles offline for dissimilar dc source values. Belkamel et al. (2013) the selected inverter DC voltage sources, high-frequency PWM control methods can be effectively applied without loss of modularity. Low- frequency and sinusoidal PWM strategy were successfully applied. Farokhnia et al. (2012) the proposed inverter in reducing THD, when it is compared with the case of a multilevel inverter with constant DC sources. Kangarlu et al. (2012) to operate with high voltage and power, improved output waveform quality and flexibility which make them attractive and more popular. Farokhnia et al. (2011) an analytical algebraic technique based on formulating the line
voltage THD of multilevel inverters with unequal dc sources is Mekhilef et al. (2011) the high-voltage stage is made of a three-phase conventional multilevel inverter to
reduce the cost and losses. The medium-voltage and low- voltage stages are made of three-level inverters constructed using cascaded H-bridge inverter. Hinago et al. (2010) proposed topology produces output maximum numbers of voltage levels in the same number of switching devices by using this conversion. The number of gate driving circuit is reduced, which leads to reduction of the size and power consumption in the driving circuits. The THD of the output waveform is also reduced.
-
PROPOSED TOPOLOGY
The main drawbacks of the conventional cascaded multilevel inverter is that when the voltage level increases, the number of switches increases and also the dc source required increases. In order to conquer this introduced a new topology of cascaded multilevel inverter. The advantage of this topology is that the number of switches required is reduced and also the number of dc sources. Figure 1 shows the new cascaded nine levels H-bridge multilevel inverter. The following output voltage levels required to generate nine
level voltage +Vdc,+2Vdc, +3Vdc,+4Vdc 0,-Vdc,-2Vdc,-3Vdc,- 4Vdc.For +Vdc the S1, S2, S4, S5 switches are ON. For +2vdc the S1, S2, S5, S7switches are ON. For +3Vdc the S1, S2, S5, S6 switches are ON. For +4Vdc the S1, S2 switches are ON. For 0Vdc the S1, S3 switches are ON. For Vdc the S3, S6, S7 switches are ON. For -2Vdc the S3, S4, S6 switches are on. For -3Vdc the S3, S4, S7 switches are ON. For -4Vdc the S3, S4, S5, S6, S7 switches are ON. The switching combinations are shown in table 1.
+
V1 _
sideband harmonics from the fundamental frequency component. The reference/modulating wave of multilevel carrier based PWM strategies can be sinusoidal PWM signal. The reference wave is concerned for CFD including amplitude, frequency and phase angle of the reference wave. The following techniques are employed in this study.
-
Variable Amplitude Phase Disposition (VAPD) PWM Strategy
In this strategy all the carriers have the same frequency and the adjustable amplitude (different or unequal amplitudes). All the carriers selected above and below zero reference line are in same phase. Carrier and reference wave arrangements are as shown in Fig. 2
V2 + S5
_
V3 + S6
_
+ S7
V4 _
S1 S3
S4 S2
+
V1 _
V2 + S5
_
V3+ S6
_
+ S7
V4_
+
V1 _
V2+ S5
_
V3+ S6
S1 S3
N
S4 S2
S1 S3
S4 S2
R-LOAD
R
R-LOAD
Y
B
R-LOAD
Fig. 2. Carrier arrangements for VAPDPWM
-
Variable Amplitude Phase Opposition & Disposition (VAPOD) PWM Strategy
In this strategy all the carriers have the same frequency and the adjustable amplitude (different or unequal amplitudes). But all the carriers selected above the zero value reference are in phase among them but in opposition (180
_ degrees phase shifted) with those below. Carrier and
+ S7
V4_
Fig. 1. Proposed Nine level inverter.
reference wave arrangements are as shown in Fig 3.
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
4Vdc
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
3Vdc
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
2Vdc
1
1
0
/td>
1
1
0
0
Vdc
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
-Vdc
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
-2Vdc
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
-3Vdc
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
-4Vdc
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
4Vdc
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
3Vdc
1
1
0
0
1
0
1
2Vdc
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
Vdc
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
1
-Vdc
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
-2Vdc
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
-3Vdc
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
-4Vdc
TABLE I. SWITCHING TABLE FOR PROPOSED NINE LEVEL INVERTER
-
-
PWM TECHNIQUES
Development of this PWM technique used to reduce the THD of the output. Increasing the switching frequency of the PWM pattern reduces the lower frequency harmonics due to moved away the switching frequency carrier harmonics and
Fig. 3. Carrier arrangements for VAPODPWM
-
Variable Amplitude Alternative Phase Opposition & Disposition (VAAPOD) PWM Strategy
In this strategy all the carriers have the same frequency and the adjustable amplitude (different or unequal amplitudes). All the carriers are alternate in position which is shown in Fig. 4(D). There is phase shift of 1800 between adjacent carriers. Reference and carrier wave arrangements are as shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Carrier arrangements for VAAPODPWM
-
Variable Amplitude Variable Frequency (VAVF) PWM Strategy
The number of switches for above and below devices of chosen MLI is much more than the intermediate switches in SPWM using constant frequency carriers. In order to equalize the number of switches for all the switches, variable frequency PWM technique is used as illustrated in which the carrier frequency of the intermediate switches is properly enhance to balance the numbers of switching for all the switches Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Carrier arrangements for VAVFPWM
-
-
SIMULATION RESULTS
Simulation of proposed three phase nine-level symmetrical inverter with R load is carried out by MATLAB/ SIMULINK. Switching signals for Cascaded Multi Level Inverter (CMLI) are developed using PWM techniques are used for the references. The simulation is performed for different modulation indices (ma=0.6-1) and for all the PWM techniques. The corresponding % THD values and VRMS of fundamental and peak amplitude voltage VPEAK of inverter output for same modulation indices corresponding of FFT plots and they are shown in tables 2-7.Figures shows the simulated output waveforms for the phase voltage for a CMLI and corresponding FFT plots for sinusoidal reference chosen the one sample value of ma = 0.8.Tables 2 7 obtain the performance measures such as %THD, VRMS and VPEAK. Figures 6 21 shows the three-phase output voltage (phase voltage) waveforms for sinusoidal references and its respective FFT plots. The following parameter values are used for simulation: Vdc = 100V and R=100 ohms, fc =2000 Hz and fm = 50Hz.
Fig. 6. Three-phase output waveform for phase voltage VP of VAPDPWM
technique
Fig. 7. FFT plot for phase voltage of VAPDPWM technique.
Fig. 8. Three-phase output waveform for line voltage VL of VAPDPWM
technique
Fig. 9. FFT plot for line voltage of VAPDPWM technique
Fig. 10. Three-phase output waveform for phase voltage VP of
VAPODPWM technique
Fig. 11. FFT plot for phase voltage of VAPODPWM technique
Fig. 12. Three-phase output waveform for line voltage VL of VAPODPWM
technique
Fig. 13. FFT plot for line voltage of VAPODPWM technique
Fig. 14. Three-phase output waveform for phase voltage VP of
VAAPODPWM technique
Fig. 15. FFT plot for phase voltage of VAAPODPWM technique
Fig. 16. Three-phase output waveform for line voltage VL of
VAAPODPWM technique
Fig. 17. FFT plot for line voltage of VAAPODPWM technique
Fig. 18. Three-phase output waveform for phase voltage VP of VAVFPWM
technique
Fig. 19. FFT plot for phase voltage of VAVFPWM technique
Fig. 20. Three-phase output waveform for line voltage VL of VAVFPWM
technique
Fig. 21. FFT plot for line voltage of VAVFPWM technique
TABLE II. % THD FOR DIFFERENT MODULATION INDICES WITH PHASE VOLTAGE
ma
VAPD
VAPOD
VAAPOD
VAVF
1
22.41
22.22
22.36
22.57
0.9
23.49
23.36
23.47
23.42
0.8
23.78
23.59
23.63
23.75
0.7
23.31
23.13
23.26
23.36
0.6
22.04
22.05
21.90
22.10
TABLE III. VRMS FOR DIFFERENT MODULATION INDICES WITH PHASE VOLTAGE
ma
VAPD
VAPOD
VAAPOD
VAVF
1
320.5
321
319.9
320.3
0.9
306.3
306.2
306.4
306.4
0.8
292.3
291.9
292.6
292
0.7
276.5
276.9
276.2
276.5
0.6
260.6
260.8
260.3
260.5
TABLE IV. VPEAK FOR DIFFERENT MODULATION INDICES WITH PHASE VOLTAGE
ma
VAPD
VAPOD
VAAPOD
VAVF
1
453.3
453.9
452.4
452.9
0.9
433.2
433
433.3
433.3
0.8
413.4
412.8
413.8
412.9
0.7
391
391.6
390.6
391
0.6
368.6
368.8
368.2
368.3
TABLE V. %THD FOR DIFFERENT MODULATION INDICES WITH LINE VOLTAGE
ma
VAPD
VAPOD
VAAPOD
VAVF
1
11.64
12.92
13.84
12.25
0.9
10.98
14.90
14.64
11.93
0.8
11.06
15.58
14.56
12.39
0.7
11.17
15.56
13.60
12.43
0.6
10.76
14.69
12.64
11.93
TABLE VI. VRMS FOR DIFFERENT MODULATION INDICES WITH LINE VOLTAGE TABLE STYLES
ma
VAPD
VAPOD
VAAPOD
VAVF
1
555
555.1
554.2
554.6
0.9
530.4
530.3
530.2
530.6
0.8
505.5
505.3
506
505.2
0.7
478.7
479.7
478.6
478.6
0.6
451.2
451.3
451
451
TABLE VII. VPEAK FOR DIFFERENT MODULATION INDICES WITH LINE VOLTAGE
ma
VAPD
VAPOD
VAAPOD
VAVF
1
785
785.1
783.7
784.4
0.9
750
749.9
749.8
750.4
0.8
714.9
714.5
715.6
714.5
0.7
677
678.4
676.9
676.9
0.6
638
638.2
637.8
637.8
-
CONCLUSIONS
-
It is observed from Tables 2 and 5 that VAPDPWM methods provide output with relatively low distortion for all the references. VAPOD with sinusoidal references is found to perform better since it provides relatively higher fundamental RMS output voltage (Tables 3 and 6).Table 4 and 7 provide peak value for all modulating indices.
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