Analysis of Noise Pollution Hotspot in and Around Kumbakonam using QGIS

Gayathri. R. M; Neasnapriya. M; Mr. S. Vijay

doi:10.17577/IJERTCONV6IS14004

Confcall - 2018 (Volume 06 - Issue 14)

Analysis of Noise Pollution Hotspot in and Around Kumbakonam using QGIS

DOI : 10.17577/IJERTCONV6IS14004

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Authors : Gayathri. R. M , Neasnapriya. M, Mr. S. Vijay
Paper ID : IJERTCONV6IS14004
Volume & Issue : Confcall – 2018 (Volume 06 – Issue 14)
Published (First Online): 05-01-2019
ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
Publisher Name : IJERT
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Analysis of Noise Pollution Hotspot in and Around Kumbakonam using QGIS

Gayathri. R. M 1, Neasnapriya. M 2

1 ,2 UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering,

Arasu Engineering College,Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu-India.

Mr. S. Vijay 3

3Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,

Arasu Engineering College,Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu-India.

AbstractProject focuses on the monitoring of community noise pollution in some selected area of in and around kumbakonam zone. The objectives of our project were to monitor and to assess the existing noise levels at the selected sites. A Lutran SL-4012 sound level meter used in the measurements. The measurements were taken for 24hours in the residential area Annai anjugam nagar kumbakonam, silent zone nearest Palakarai kumbakonam, commercial area Bigstreet kumbakonam, Industrial area Thirubhuvanam near kumbakonam. The Equivalent Continuous Sound Level (Leq), minimum noise level, average noise level and maximum noise level were measured to assist in assessing the existing noise levels at the selected sites. Results showed that the monitored noise levels in terms of Leq, in commercial area ranged between 87.9 dB(A) to 72.5 dB(A) , industrial area ranged between 73.4 dB(A) to 57.3 dB(A), residential area ranged between 64.9 dB(A) to

51.2 dB(A) and in the silent zone ranged between 56.2dB(A) to

dB(A). These levels exceeded in commercial, residential, silent zone the level recommended by the World Health Organization. The industrial area is less in compare to the level recommended by the World Health Organization. The noise pollution dB(A) readings are also plotted by graph format. These noise levels cause sleeping disturbance, interfere with speech communication and message extraction. The main causes of such noise levels are related to transportation system, motor vehicles and traffic supported by poor urban planning. To reduce such noise levels by using noise insulating materials and create peaceful environment by advertised to using noise cancellation instrument.

Keywords : Monitoring , Lutran SL-4012 Sound Level Meter, Commercial Area, Industrial Area, Residential Area, Silent Zone.

INTRODUCTION

Noise is playing an ever-increasing role in our lives and seems a regrettable but ultimately avoidable corollary of current technology. The trend toward the use of more automated equipment, sports and pleasure craft, high-wattage stereo, larger construction machinery, and the increasing numbers of ground vehicles and aircraft has created a gradual acceptance of noise as a natural byproduct of progress. Indeed, prior to 1972 the only major federal activity in noise control legislation was a 1968 amendment to the Federal Aviation Act, whereby the FAA was directed to regulate civil aircraft noise during landings and takeoffs, including sonic

booms. Nevertheless, various noise-monitoring studies and sociological surveys in recent years have indicated the need for noise abatement. Noise pollution is thus another environmental pollutant to be formally recognized as a genuine threat to human health and the quality of life. The fundamental insight we have gained is that noise may be considered a contaminant of the atmosphere just as definitely as a particulate or a gaseous contaminant. There is evidence that, at a minimum, noise can impair efficiency, adversely affect health, and increase accident rates. At sufficiently high levels, noise can damage hearing immediately. Several organizations such as World Health Organization, International Labour Organization (ILO) and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) have setup new standards for noise and take appropriate actions against their sources. As a result of continuous hard work, standards for noise pollution level in various work places during various times were developed.

Table 1. Noise standards developed by CPCB, WHO, ILO and OSHA organization

S.NO	AREA CODE	CATEGORY OF AREA/ZONE	Limits of Leq dB(A)
S.NO	AREA CODE	CATEGORY OF AREA/ZONE	DAY TIME	NIGHT TIME
1	A	Industrial area	75	70
2	B	Commercial area	65	55
3	C	Residential area	55	45
4	D	Silence Zone	50	40

STANDARDS

The Noise Control Act of 1972 became Public Law PL 92574 in October of that year. Under the Act, the Environmental Pollution Agency (EPA) had to develop criteria identifying the effects of noise on public health and welfare in all possible noise environments and to specify the noise reduction necessary for protection with an adequate margin of safety. The EPAs basic Identification of Levels document (3) was published in March 1974 and it concluded that virtually all of the population is protected against lifetime hearing loss when annual exposure to noise, averaged on a 24-h daily level, is less than or equal to 70 A-weighted

decibels (dB(A)) (See Section 6 for discussion on A-weighted decibels.) This noise-level goal forms the initial base of the long-range federal program designed to prevent the occurrence of noise levels associated with the adverse effect on public health and welfare. Even so, noise levels in excess of 55 dB (A) can cause annoyance. The federal governments regulatory development and related activity is aimed at the nnoyance-type noises that pervade the community. These noises in the approximate order of importance, especially to urban communities, are (1) surface transportation noise, (2) aircraft noise, (3) construction equipment and industrial noise, and (4) residential noise. Although states and municipalities retain primary responsibility for noise control, they often rely on EPA recommended limits of noise levels and exposures. Presently, industry is governed by noise regulations adopted by OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration), which sets noise exposure limits at an employees location for environments of steady noise, mixed noise, and impact noise. For steady noise (i.e., noise at a constant dB (A) level over a period of time), a maximum exposure of 90 dB (A) (about the sound level emitted from a loud engine) for an 8-h day is prescribed, with a halving of exposure time for each additional 5-dB (A) increment.
MEASUREMENT

paragraphs, we have tried to present some of the more salient features of noise measurement and instrumentation.

Figure 1. Lutran sl-4012 sound level meter

METHODOLOGY

The methodology adopted includes a study of existing condition, real- time work made to explore the general system followed in the noise pollution mitigation measure.

In contrast to community noises, there are industrial noises within factories, workshops, and so forth that must be monitored in order to determine compliance with OSHA noise regulations. Such acoustical measurements are meant to evaluate employee exposure to work-related noises and require different measuring techniques. Measurement accuracy is ensured, acoustical instruments such as sound- level meters and dosimeters must be calibrated regularly. Calibration is required by OSHA before and after each day of use. If meaurements are continuous over a period of hours, periodic checks on calibration are recommended. These calibration checks are necessary to obtain valid data. Calibrators called pistonphones are available that allow a rapid field calibration of acoustical instruments. Also, when purchasing instruments, it is worthwhile to ensure that the instruments are amenable to field calibration. Having to return an instrument to the factory for calibration can be time- consuming and expensive. Hearing conservation programs to monitor sound responses of employees are also part of the noise measurement program. Hearing tests are performed on employees with the aid of an audiometer.

In order that noise measurements are valid for legal purposes, they and the devices that make these measurements must meet certain standards that were developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Indeed, if action against an alleged violation is contemplated, meter and recorder construction, calibration, and use must conform strictly to ANSI standards; if not, the quality and validity of the tests and data will come into question. In the above

Table 2. Methodology

Problem Identification Causes, Sources, Effects, Mitigation

Data Collection / Field Study

Analysis for each Source by QGIS software

Conclusion
EQUIPMENT DETAILS

The noise level at all locations were measured with the help of LUTRAN SL-4012 Sound level meter with AUTO-RANGE AND RS-232C is as shown in figure below.

Figure 2. Block diagram of the sound level meter
1. SPECIFICATIONS
  
  Display : 52 mm x 32 mm LCD (Liquid crystal display), 5 digits with annunciator
  
  Operating humidity : less than
  
  80%RH
  
  Power Consumption : approx. DC 6 mA
  
  Dimension : 268 x 68 x 29 mm Weight
  
  : 285 gr. (0,63 lb)
  
  Accessory included : Instruction Manual
  
  Optional Accessories : 94 dB Sound Calibrator
NOISE POLLUTION OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION
Noise levels were recorded at near PALAKARAI government hospital SILENT ZONE in kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India. The noise levels were recorded from morning (03.02.2017) 06.00 AM to(04.02.2017) 05.45 AM at Friday

to Saturday through the location. Noise measurements were taken at distances of 10 m from nearest road border The height of noise measurement was 1m above the road surface.

. The continuous noise level in silent zone is calculated by the following equation

Figure 6. Digitizing Noise Pollution Area in QGIS

A

Leq = 10log[1/(t2-t1) {t2t1 P2 Leq (Day time) =50.7 dB(A) Leq(Night time) = 56.2 dB(A)

0

/ P2

dt]
Figure 3. Kumbakonam Toposheet in QGIS

Figure 4. Digitizing Kumbakonam Taluk Boundary

Figure 5. Digitizing Kumbakonam Road Network

Figure 7. Noise Pollution HOTSPOT

CONCLUSION

The Results showed that the monitored noise levels in terms of Leq, in commercial area ranged between 87.9 dB(A) to 72.5 dB(A) , industrial area ranged between 73.4 dB(A) to 57.3 dB(A), residential area ranged between 64.9 dB(A) to 51.2 dB(A) and in the silent zone ranged between 56.2dB(A) to 50.7 dB(A). These noise levels exceeded in commercial, residential, silent zone the level recommended by the World Health Organization. The industrial area is less in compare to the level recommended by the World Health Organization. So we give solution to reduce such noise levels by using noise insulating materials and create peaceful environment by advertised to using noise cancellation instrument.

Table 2. Leq STANDARD VS ACTUAL VALUE

S.No.	Category of Area/Zone	Limits of leq dB(A)		Actual leq dB(A)
S.No.	Category of Area/Zone	Day time	Night time	Day time	Night time
1	Residential	55	45	64.9	51.2
2	Silent	50	40	56.2	50.7
3	Commercial	65	55	87.9	72.5
4	Industrial	75	70	73.4	57.3

Category of Area	Minimum Value dB(A)	Minimum Value Hz	Maximum Value dB(A)	Maximum Value Hz
Commercial	30.8	34.67369	123.7	1531087
Industrial	31.2	36.30781	95.2	57543.99
Residential	30.4	33.11311	95.8	61659.5
Silent	30.1	31.98895	79.6	9549.926

Table 3. NOISE POLLUTION MINIMUM, MAXIMUM dB(A) VALUE TO FREQUENCY (Hz)VALUE

SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK

To innovate the noise controlling equipment to control the noise level in exceeded places to prevent the harmful effects causing to humans, animals and birds to create the peaceful environment. Construct the building by using some noise insulating materials to prevent unwanted noise entered into the buildings

REFERENCE

[1]. Lawrence K.Wang., Norman C.Pereira., Yung Tse Hun., Advanced air and noise pollution control, (2005).

[2]. Ashraf, H. D., Younus, M., Kumar, P., Siddiqui, T., Ali, S., and Siddiqui, M. I., Frequency of hearing loss among textile industry workers of weaving unit in Karachi, Pakistan,(2009).

[3]. Bedi, R., Evaluation of Occupational Environment in Two Textile Plantsin Northem India with Specific Reference to Noise,(2006).

[4]. Bares L.F., Salyers E.F., A New Material Systems Approach for Controlling Heavy Equipment Operator Noise Exposure, (1980).

[5]. Bartholomae., R.C., and R.P. Parker., Mining Machinery Noise Control Guidelines, U.S. Department of the interior,(1983).

Analysis of Noise Pollution Hotspot in and Around Kumbakonam using QGIS

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