Hybrid Roads: A Mixture of Topmix Permiable And Solar Road

Hybrid Roads: A Mixture of Topmix Permiable And Solar Road

Hybrid Roads: A Mixture of Topmix Permiable And Solar Road

J. Sameera1

Depatment of electrical and electronics engineering Parisutham instate of technology and science

Abstract :Usually the roads are made up of concrete or asphalt, it can be replaced by solar panels and Topmix permeable for our future purpose. It is a roadway which generates electricity as well as absorbs the water to prevent the remote city from flood like calamities. However it also improves drivers and pedestrians safety as well as it improves better living hood to the locality people.

Keywords:- Solar panels Topmix permeable concrete electricity in India water injected clean power tempered glass weight balance flood prevention.

I.INTRODUCTION:

Electricity which became one of the essential need for human being nowadays. It is a one of the energy form which is easy to produce, to use, to transport and to control. There are many forms of electrical energy which is being used some of them are polluting in form and some are non-polluting. Solar road is one of the roadways which produces non polluting electrical energy by converting sunlight into electrical energy. Currently the common place to install solar panels are roofs and empty lands.

The road made up of Topmix permeable concrete absorbs the water and injects it to the ground water table and prevents the panel as well as the city livelihood.

1. LITERATURE SURVEY:

   Julie and Scott Brusaw;

   Abstract:

   The roadways which usually made of concrete or asphalt might be replaced by solar roads in the near future. The solar roads are road surface that convert sunlight into electricity. Not only are the solar roads generating clean energy, but they also increase the drivers and pedestrians safety. However, there are still a lot of challenges about solar roads, such as their cost, efficiency, and maintenance.

   Uzma Jabeen and Er. Bharamjeet, Amloh;

   Abstract:

   High quality polymers that meet specifications are rare and more expensive in many parts of India. Flexible pavement specifications require the use of high quality polymers, this increases the cost. Although the broad definition of marginal totals does not perfectly match the specifications used in public countries on public roads it works well under special circumstances due to climate characteristics, technical progress or special handling of modern roads. It is usable. Therefore, if the physical or

   structural design is appropriately adjusted so that local materials can be used, construction is accelerated and significant financial benefits are obtained.

2. PROBLEM FORMULATION:

   Here SR3 type solar panel is being suggested which, is 0.40 m2 in size, can produce 48 watt/hr. installing these panels in Indian national highway, of length 111,111 km, alone can produce,

   Length of national highway: 111,111,000 meter Width of one lane road

   : 3.75 meter

   Considering minimum of two lane in highway road then its area will be,

   :111,111,000*3.75*2

   = 833,332,500 meter.

   Number of panels used

   : 833,332,500 /

   0.4078443

   = 2043261362 panels Amount of energy produced: 2043261362 * 48

   = 98.076 gigawatt

3. METHODS USED AND DESCRIPTION:

   The solar panel is installed in the roads with the Topmix permeable. The panels are installed in the edge of the roads and Topmix permeable concrete in the center, for easy maintenance.

   The main components of solar panel installation in road is tempered glass, solar panels, weight sensors.

   Tempered glass:

   Solar panels which is a electrical circuit is not suitable to support any weight in top of them. Hence tempered glass is used to which is capable of withstanding human weight or even heavier loads like trucks on top of it. It is produced by the technology of that by heating it to the higher temperature (almost 1200 degree Fahrenheit) and then cooling it to the glass. It is much safer since when it is broken the glass shatters into small pieces which does not tear the car tires and hurt human bare foot. The traction of the tempered glass is textured in such a way that a vehicle going 60 kmph is able to stop within the required distance. Topmix permeable:

   The Topmix permeable concrete is made by tiny pieces of crushed granite packed together known as no- fine concrete. It consists of three layers as Topmix permeable, aggressive sub-base, mealiable base. They inject the water to the ground water table.

   The conversion of power from DC to AC source gives some loss, but it can be managed as the outcome will be wider.

4. RESULT:

   The overall power demand of our country (India) is 345.5 GW. The power generated by this method is around 98 gigawatt. It is produces almost 22.08 % of power to compensate our demand.

5. CONCLUSION:

   This hybrid roadway can become the future roadway system in India because it can produce clean power as well as prevent us from large calamities like flood.

6. FUTURE SCOPE:

There are many challenges like maintenance, cost and efficiency. In future these challenges can be reduced. Since the solar panels are installed in the corners of the roadway a lane can be designed for charging the electric vehicles in the future.

REFERENCE:

[1] Solar Roadways. Online. Available: http://www.solarroadways.com/intro.shtml

[2] Gil Knier. How Do Photovoltaics Work?. Online. Available: http://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at- nasa/2002/solarcells/

[3] Tempered vs. Non-Tempered Glass, What's the Difference?. Online. Available: http://glasstopsdirect.com/news/tempered-vs- non-tempered-glass.html

[4] M. A. Maehlum. (2014, May 7). The Real Lifespan of Solar Panels.Online. Available: http://energyinformative.org/lifespan- solar-panels/

[5] (2014, January 26). The Great LED Lightbulb Rip-off: One in Four Expensive 'long-life' Bulbs Doesn't Last Anything like as Long as the Makers Claim. Online. Available: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2546363/The-great- LED-lightbulb-rip-One-four-expensive-long-life-bulbs-doesnt- like-long-makers-claim.html

[6] Why Solar Efficiency is Important. Online. Available: http://us.sunpower.com/solar-resources/performance- reliability/solar-efficiency/

[7] Al-Abdulwahhab, H.I., &Asi, I.M,(1997) Improvement of Marl and Dune Sand for highway construction in Arid Areas Budding and Environment, Vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 271-279, 1997.

[8] Asi, I.M., Wahhab Al-Abdul, H.I., Stablization of Dune Sand Using Foamed Asphalt, Geotechnical Testing Journal, GTJODJ, vol. 25, No. 2, june 2002, pp. 168-176

[9] ASTM D 244 (2004). Standard Test Method forResidue by Evaporating of Emulsified Asphalt, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, USA

[10] Ahlrich, R.C., & Rollings, R.S., Marginal Aggregates in Flexible Pavements: Background Survey and Experimental Plan US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Geotechnical Laboratory 1993.

[11] Brandl, H., ,,Quality Requirements and Tests for Eartworks and Granular Bases, only Available in German, Proceedings of an International Meeting, 1977 (Road Research Society, 1977), pp. 15-43