Design of Hybrid Streetlight System using Solar and Wind Turbine

Design of Hybrid Streetlight System using Solar and Wind Turbine

Samrudhi Vaidya

PG student: Electrical Engg. Department,

G.H Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur,India

V.P Rajderkar

Assistant Professor: Electrical Engg. Department,

1. Raisoini College of Engineering, Nagpur,India

   Abstract- All the conventional energy resources are exhausting. So it is necessary to shift from conventional to non-conventional energy resources. In the proposed work we have done combination of two energy sources for streetlight system. This process reviles the sustainable energy resources without damaging the nature. Basically this is a hybrid system which involves the integration of two energy system that will give continuous power. Solar panels are used for converting solar energy and wind turbines are used for converting wind energy into electricity. This electrical power can utilize for various purpose. The purpose of this proposed system is generation of electricity at affordable cost.

   Keywords- Electricity, hybrid, solar, power, wind

   1. INTRODUCTION

      Electricity is very much needed in our day to day life. There are two ways of electricity generation either by conventional (old) energy resources or by renewable energy resources. Electricity demand is increasing day by day with developments and new technologies. Majorly, electricity is generated by the conventional energy resources like coal, water, diesel, natural gases, nuclear energy etc. The main disadvantages of these sources is that they produce waste like ash in coal power plant, nuclear waste in nuclear power plant and taking care of this wastage is very costly and also it damages the nature. On the other side, the nuclear energy waste is very destructive to human being. The non-renewable energy resources are exhausting day by day. Soon it will be completely vanished from earth. We will have to find alternative ways to produce electricity. With the increase in global energy demand large industrial power requirements there has been a worldwide need for development in the field of renewable energy. The drastic consumption of oil, natural gas, fossil fuels and other exhaustible sources of energy at the current scenario, will lead to their depletion from earth. The concept of sustainable development has motivated us to search for alternative sources of energy which are freely and abundantly available to us.The non-conventional energy resources like solar, wind can be good alternative source. Solar energy has one disadvantage that it could not produce electrical energy in rainy and cloudy season so we need to overcome this drawback we can use two energy resources so that any one of source fails other source will keep generating the electricity. Due to seasonal and geographical restrictions of wind and solar and weather specific usage of solar panels, the need for focusing on hybrid energy sources has received special attention.

   2. HYBRID STREETLIGHT SYSEM

      A hybrid energy system generally consists of two or more renewable energy sources which are used together to increase the efficiency of the system as well as greater balance in energy supply.

      The Solar wind streetlight designed is an intelligent, small scale, and off-grid LED streetlight system composed of solar modules, wind turbine, backup batteries, controller and LED. As a reliability concern, energy storage is required to have a continuous power supply and cover any deficiency in power generation from renewable energy sources. The storage system can be battery banks, fuel cell etc. with more focus on battery here.

      This Hybrid streetlight system has good dependability, productivity, less emission, and is cost-effective.

      Both the energy sources have greater availability in all areas. It needs lower cost. There is no need to find special location to install this system.

      1. Solar Energy

         Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed using range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy. Solar energy is present on the earth continuously and in ample manner. Solar energy is easily available. It is pollution free and also reasonable in cost. It also has low running cost. Only difficult part with solar system is it cannot harvest energy in bad weather condition. But it has greater productivity in all other energy sources with high initial investment. It has extensive life span and has zero emission.

      2. Wind Energy

      Wind energy is the energy which is extracted from wind. We have to design wind mill. It is renewable energy sources. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical power by rotating propeller-like blades around the rotor. The rotor turns the drive shaft, which turns on electric generator to convert mechanical power into electricity

      Wind power Pw= 0.5**A*r(cube),

      Where = Density, A=Area swept, r=Velocity

      The major drawbacks of using independent non-conventional energy resources are that unavailability of power for all time. For overcoming this we are designing solar and wind energy

      based streetlight together. So that any one source of power fails other will take care of the generation. In this proposed system we can use both sources combine. This will leads to continuity of generation. This will make system dependable. The main shortcomings of this system are that it needs high initial cost. Except that it is reliable, it has less emission. Maintenance cost is less. Life span of this system is more. Efficiency is more.

      1.2

      1

      0.8

      0.6

      0.4

      0.2

      Range of turbine operating speeds

      Wind turbine characteristics

      6 m/s

      7 m/s

      Power (pu/275 kW)

      Power (pu/275 kW)

      1. m/s

      2. m/s

         12 m/s

         11 m/s

      3. m/s

   3. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE

      5 m/s

      0

      500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

      1. Simulation Design:

         Fig.2: Matlab Simulation Design

      2. Design Aspect:

         A.SOLAR POLY

         Solar cell is a device which convert energy of light into electricity by photovoltaic effect. The physical of PV cell is very similar to that of the classical diode with a PN junction formed by semiconductor material. When the junction absorbs light, the energy of absorbed photon is transferred to the electron-proton system of the material, creating charge carriers that are separated at the junction. The charge carriers in the junction region create a potential gradient, get accelerated under the electric field, and circulate as current through an external circuit.

         Operation depends upon 3 basic attributes:

         1. Absorption of light

         2. The seperation of charged carriers of opposite types

         3. The seperation extraction of those carriers to an external circuit.

      B. WIND TURBINE

      Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical power by rotating propeller-like blades around the rotor. The design on wind turbine is based upon Solar- Mill which was developed by WindStream technologies.

      1. Vertical axis turbine mounted on single base. Savonius wind mill accept wind from both direction

      2. Silent operation

      3. Cut- in speed 5m/s

      Turbine speed referred to generator side (rpm)

      Fig.3: Wind Turbine Characteristics

      Design required for Hybrid system:

      1. Solar System

         1. Annual duration of Sunshine hours

         2. Solar Radiation (KWH/m2/day)

      Wind System:

      1. Mean Annual Hourly Wind Speed (m/sec)

         The site selected is Nagpur, which has latitude of 2114 North and Longitude is 7908 East. Solar radiation data for tilted panel and average wind speed data above 50 m above the surface of Earth is taken from Nasa website.

         Average wind speed: 3.34 m/s

         Average solar radiations: 5.53 kw-hr/m2/day

   4. CALCULATIONS AND RESULTS