Simulation And Analysis Of Zero Voltage Switching Pwm Full Bridge Converter

Simulation And Analysis Of Zero Voltage Switching Pwm Full Bridge Converter

1Neha Gupta, 2 Dr. A.K. pandey, 3Dr. K.G. Upadhyay

1. M.Tech(Power Electronics & Drives), Electrical Engineering Department, Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College Gorakhpur U.P. India- 273010

2. Associate Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College Gorakhpur U.P. India-273010

3. Professor, Electrical Engineering Department, Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering

College Gorakhpur U.P. India-273010

Abstact:

Abstract In the conventional zero voltage switching full bridge converter the introduction of a resonant inductance and clamping diodes are introduced the voltage oscillation across the rectifier diodes is eliminated and the load range for zero-voltage- switching (ZVS) achievement increases. When the clamping diode is conducting, the resonant inductance is shorted and its current keeps constant. So the clamping diode is hard turned-off, leading to reverse recovery loss if the output filter inductance is relatively larger. By introducing a reset winding in series with the resonant inductance to make the clamping diode current decay rapidly when it conducts this paper improves the full-bridge converter. The conduction losses are reduced by the use of reset winding. Also the clamping diodes naturally turn-off and avoids the reverse recovery. The proposed converter has been simulated for two different configurations and results have been compared. A 1 kW prototype converter is built to verify the operation principle and the experimental results are also demonstrated.

KeywordsClamping diodes, full bridge converter, reset winding, zero-voltage-switching (ZVS).

1. Introduction

   In medium-to-high power dcdc conversions the full-bridge converter is widely used. It can achieve soft-switching without adding any auxiliary switches. The soft-switching techniques for PWM full bridge

   converter can be classified into two kinds: (i) zero- voltage-switching (ZVS) (ii) zero-voltage and zero- current-switching (ZVZCS) [1]. To achieve ZVS for switches the leakage inductance of the transformer and the intrinsic capacitors of the switches are used. The ZVS characteristics are load dependent and will be lost at light load [2][6]. In ZVZCS PWM full- bridge converters, one leg achieves ZVS, and the other leg achieves ZCS [7][13]. No matter ZVS or ZVZCS is realized for the switches there is serious voltage oscillation across the rectifier diodes caused by the reverse recovery By introducing a resonant inductance and two clamping diodes into the primary side of transformer this problem can be avoided [14][16]. The voltage ringing and overshoot, thus the voltage stress of the rectifier diodes is reduced without introducing losses or an additional controlled power device. The difference between the two locations of the resonant inductance and the transformer is analyzed and an optimal position is presented, [17].. No matter what the positions of the transformer and the resonant inductance are, the resonant inductance is clamped and its current keeps constant when the clamping diodes conduct. But the Transformer lead connection leads to more accurate results. The current ripple of output filter inductance should be sufficiently high to turn off the clamping diodes naturally. Because the forced turn off of clamping diodes results in serious reverse recovery., An auxiliary transformer winding has been introduced to the ZVS PWM full-bridge converter, in series with the resonant inductance. This winding makes the clamping diode current decay rapidly and reduces the primary side conduction losses. It also

   makes the current ripple of the output filter be smaller. Hence the output filter capacitor can be reduced. The experimental results are presented in Section IV to verify the validity of the proposed converter.

2. Operating Principle

   The proposed ZVS PWM full-bridge converter with reset winding is shown in Fig. 1, where n3 is the introduced reset winding. Phase-shifted control is used for the converter where Q1and Q3form the leading leg i.e the leg whose swiches operate first and Q2 and Q4 form the lagging leg. The converters in Fig. 1and (2) are defined as Tr_Lead type and Tr_Lag type, respectively. The primary winding n1 is connected with the lagging leg and the leading leg, respectively. The operation principle of the two types is similar. The difference is that the clamping diodes conduct only once in type while conduct twice in type. The following description will be focused on the type.

   Fig: 1. Transformer-lag type ZVS PWM full bridge converter

   Fig: 2. Transformer-lead type ZVS PWM full bridge converter

   Fig. 3 shows the equivalent circuits of the switching stages in a half period. The second half period is similar to the first half period.

   1. Stage 1 [Refer to Fig. (a)]

      The power is transferred from the input source Vin to the load through Q1, Q4, and DR1. Q1 is turned off at zero voltage due to C1.C3 limit the rising rate of the voltage across Q1. The resonant inductance current iLr charges C1 and discharges C3, and the potential voltage of point A decays. In the meanwhile, the capacitor CDR2 is discharged. As the potential voltage of point C is greater than zero, D6 is reverse biased. The voltage of C3 decreases to zero and D3 conducts naturally.

      1) Stage 2 [Refer to Fig. (b)]

      Q3 can be turned on at zero voltage when D3 conducts.CDR2 Continues to be discharged since the voltage of point C is still higher than zero. iLr and ip continue decaying. This stage finishes when and the voltage of point C reduces to zero.

      1. Stage 3 [Refer to Fig. 3(c)]

         DR1 and DR2 conduct simultaneously, clamping the secondary voltage at zero. iLr is equal to ip , and the. circuit operates in free-wheeling mode.

      2. Stage 4 [Refer to Fig. 3(d)]

         Q4 is turned off at zero voltage at t3, and is charged and C2 is discharged in a resonant manner. This stage finishes when VC4 rises to Vin and VC2 falls to zero.

      3. Stage 5 [Refer to Fig. 3(e)]

         D2 conducts naturally when VC2 decays to zero, and Q2 can be turned on at zero voltage. Since iLr is equal to ip, both of them decay linearly with the rate of Vin / Lr. Now iLr and ip crosses zero, and continue increasing linearly in the negative direction. The load current flows through both the rectifier diodes. As iLr and ip reaches the reflected filter inductance current, DR1 turns off.

      4. Stage 6 [Refer to Fig. 3(f)]

         Lr resonates with CDR1, and CDR1 is charged in a resonant manner. ip and iLr continue increasing. The voltage of CDR1 rises to 2Vin .n2/n1, and the primary voltage of the transformer, VBC is Vin, the potential voltage of point C reduces to zero. So D6 conducts, clamping VBC at Vin, and the voltage of CDR1 is clamped at 2Vin .n2 /n1.

      5. Stage 7 [Refer to Fig. 3(g)]

         ip declines downwards to the reflected filter inductance current when D6 conducts, and increases in the negative direction. The voltage of the reset winding is Vin.n3/n1, which is applied to Lr, making iLr decrease quickly. Since iLr is greater than ip, the current difference flows through D6. This stage finishes when ip equals iLr, and D6 turns off naturally.

      6. Stage 8 [Refer to Fig. 3(h)]

      The reset winding is in series with the primary winding after D6 turns off. During this stage, Lr resonates with CDR1.

      Fig: 4. Waveforms of ZVS PWM full-bridge converters with Reset Winding

3. Simulation Results

   In ordr to observe the concrete comparisons, the computer simulation of ZVS PWM Full Bridge Converter has been carried out using a Mat lab simulink software package with the following parameters:

   • Input voltage : 290 VDC;

   • Output voltage : 180 VDC;

   • Maximum output current Io: 6 A;

   • switching frequency fs: 100 kHz;

   • Resonant inductance Lr : 8.5µH;

   • Filter capacitance Cf : 100µF;

   • Filter inductance Lf : 230µH;

   • Load Resistor RL: 30;

   Fig:6. Shows the generation of gate pulses fot Tr-Lag and Tr-Lag connection.

   Fig:5. Gate pulse generated for both Transformer-lagging and leading circuits.

   3.1Transformer Lag Connection

   The transformer lag connection is so named because the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the lagging leg of the full bridge converter.

   Fig:6. Tr-Lag type ZVS full bridge PWM full bridge converter

   The simulation results of gate pulse generation input and output voltages, output current, inverter output voltage, current through the resonant inductor, voltage across the switch, zero voltage switching fot Tr-Lag connection performance are presented from fig: 7 to fig: 12

   Fig:7. Voltage Across Switch Q1 ( Tr-Lag)

   Fig:8. Current Through Lr ( Tr-Lag)

   Fig9:Inverter output Voltage ( Tr-Lag)

   Fig:10. Rectifier Output Voltage ( Tr-Lag)

   Fig:11. Output Voltage ( Tr-Lag)

   Fig:12.. Output Current ( Tr-Lag)

   3.2. Transformer Lead Connection

   The transformer lead connection is so named because the primary winding of the transformer is connected to the leading leg of the full bridge converter. In this connection the clamping diode comes into action twice.

   Fig:13. Tr-Lead type ZVS full bridge PWM full bridge converter

   The simulation results of input and output voltages, output current, inverter output voltage, current through the resonant inductor, voltage across the switch, zero voltage switching fot Tr-Lead connection performance are presented from fig: 13 to fig: 19

   Fig:14. Voltage Across Switch Q1 (Tr-Lead)

   Fig:15. Current Through Lr (Tr-Lead)

   Fig16:Inverter output Voltage (Tr-Lead)

   Fig:17. Rectifier Output Voltage (Tr-Lead)

   Fig:18. Output Voltage (Tr-Lead)

   Fig:19.. Output Current (Tr-Lead)

4. Conclusion

A ZVS PWM full-bridge converter is proposed in this paper, it employs an additional reset winding to make the clamping diode current decay rapidly when the clamping diode conducts, thus the conduction losses of the clamping diodes. The reset winding removes the need of auxiliary switches and the resonant inductance is reduced. The use of reset winding removes the need of hard switching for clamping diodes so there will not be any power loss due to switching of clamping diodes and the conversion efficiency will increased. In the meanwhile, the clamping diodes can be turned off naturally without reverse recovery over the whole input voltage range, and the output filter inductance can be designed to be large to obtain small current ripple, leading to reduced filter capacitance. Compared with the traditional full bridge converter, the proposed circuit provides another simple and effective approach to avoid the reverse recovery of the clamping diodes. The structure and operation of the proposed ZVS PWM full-bridge converter with reset winding topology are described and two configurations have been studied i.e. Transformer- leading and Transformer-Lagging connections. We have studied the performance of both the configuration. If we compare the rectifier output in both the case we find that Tr-Lag connection produces less ripples. Transformer lagging configuration is advisable for more accurate results.

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