Durability Properties of Concrete with M-Sand As Fine Aggregate Incorporating with Acrylic Fiber

Durability Properties of Concrete with M-Sand As Fine Aggregate Incorporating with Acrylic Fiber

Dr. M. Devi

Professor., Dept.Of Civil Engineering

Vivekanandha College Of Technology For Women Namakkal, Tamilnadu

M. Sri Megala

Dept.Of Civil Engineering Vivekanandha College Of Technology For Women

Namakkal, Tamilnadu

G. Soundarya

S. Shyamala Rubini

Dept.Of Civil Engineering Vivekanandha College Of Technoogy For Women

Namakkal, Tamilnadu

1. Tharageshwari

   Dept.Of Civil Engineering Vivekanandha College Of Technology For Women

   Namakkal, Tamilnadu

   Dept.Of Civil Engineering Vivekanandha College Of Technology For Women

   Namakkal, Tamilnadu

   AbstractThe river sand is the natural form of fine aggregate material which is used in the concrete and mortar. It is usually obtained from the river bed and mining has disastrous environment consequences. Instead of the river sand we are using M-sand as fine aggregate in the concrete. The development of acrylic fiber concrete marks an important milestone in improving the product quality and efficiency of the concrete. Usage of acrylic fiber in the concrete will increase the strength and durability of the concrete. It enhances the performance of the concrete and increase energy absorption compared with plain concrete. In the present work we are going to analysis the durability properties of fiber reinforced M-sand concrete like water permeability test and accelerated electrolytic corrosion.

   Keywords Concrete, manufactured sand, acrylic fiber, and durability.

   1. INTRODUCTION

      Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, which is commonly consists of cement, aggregates and water. It is the material, which is used more than any other man made material on the earth for construction works. Fiber reinforced concrete contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented. Fiber includes steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers each of which lend varying properties to the concrete. In addition, the character of fiber reinforced concrete changes with fiber material, geometries, distribution, orientation, and densities. We can use fiber reinforced concrete to control cracking due to plastic shrinkage and to drying shrinkage. They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reduces bleeding of water. Some types of fibers produce greater impact, abrasion, and shatter resistance in concrete. Generally fibers do not increase the flexural strength of concrete, and so cannot replaced moment resisting or

      structural steel reinforcement. Recent studies performed on a high strength fiber reinforced concrete in a bridge deck found that adding fibers provided residual strength and controlled cracking. There were fewer and narrower cracks in the FRC even though the FRC had more shrinkage than the control. Residual strength is directly proportional to the fiber content.

      Acrylic AC50 fiber are modified polymer fibers that greatly enhance the performance and durability of concrete. They drastically reduce plastic shrinkage cracking, provide secondary reinforcement and increase impact resistance.

   2. LITERATURE REVIEW

      Kuldeep Kumar, Er. Ritu [1] The main objective is to develop concrete which does not concern on the strength of concrete, it also having many other aspects to be satisfied like less porous, capillary absorption, durability, high flexural strength, less shrinkage, controlled cracking. So for this we need to go for the addition of acrylic fiber along with having low water cement ratio. Acrylic fiber exhibits very good resistance to acids and alkalis and are low in cost. Also now a days one of the greatest application in various structural field is fiber reinforced concrete, which is getting popularity because of its positive effects on various properties of concrete. R. Ilangovan, N. Mahendran, K. Nagamani [2] made a study on concrete by 100% replacement of natural sand by quarry dust. They concluded that the compression strength, flexural strength and durability properties of concrete made of quarry dust are nearly 10% more than the conventional concrete. S. Muralikrishnan, T. Felix Kala, P. Asha, S. Elavenil [3] the purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic comparison of the effects of natural and manufactured sand exert on strength and durability properties. This paper presents the mechanical behavior of the selected fine aggregate, followed by the durability

      behavior of conventional and M-sand concrete. T. Shanmugapriya, R.N. Uma [4] concluded from experimental researchers that compressive and flexural strength of concrete can be improved by partial replacement of cement by silica fume and manufactured sand for natural fine aggregates. They suggested that optimum replacement of natural sand by manufactured sand is 50%. Luiz A. Pereira-de-Oliveira, João

      P. Castro-Gomes, Miguel C.S. Nepomuceno [5] the main objectives of this research is therefore to study the behavior of cement mortar specimen reinforced with acrylic fibers. The effect of aspect ratio (l/d) and volume fraction (vf) of acrylic fibers on compressive and flexural strength were asset. For this purpose acrylic fibers volume were added to mortar mix at 0.2%, 0.5% and 1%.

   3. MATERIAL PARAMETER

      For this investigation concrete cubes of size 150mm x 150mm x150mm, concrete cylinder of size 150mm diameter and 300mm long and prism specimens of size 100mm x 500mm, were casted.

      1. Cement

         Cement is a material that has cohesive an adhesive properties in the presence of water. Such cements are called hydraulic cements. This consists of primarily silicates and aluminates of lime obtained from limestone and clay. There are different types of cements, out of which OPC is used. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is the basic Portland cement and its best suited for use in general concrete construction. It is of three types 33 grade, 43 grade, 53 grade. One of the the important benefits is the faster rate of development of strength. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) available in the market conforming to IS 12269-1987 was used for casting the specimens. The cement used is 53 grade.

         TABLE I CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (%) OF

         CEMENT

         Composition	OPC 53 grade
         Sio2	21.52
         Al2o3	6.16
         Fe2o3	4.60
         Cao	63.36
         Mgo	0.83
         So3	1.87
         IR	1.30
         Loss of ignition	1.64

      2. Fine aggregate

         It shouldbe passed through IS sieve 4.75 mm. It should have fineness modulus 2.50-3.50 and slit contents should not be more than 4%. Manufacturers sand has been used for the present investigation; it is also called M-sand. Manufactured sand has been regularly used to make quality concrete for decades in india and abroad. M-sand is crushed aggregates produced from hard granite stone which is cubically shaped with grounded edges, washed and graded with consistency to be used as a substitute of river sand. It confirms to IS 383- 1970 which comes under zone .

         TABLE II PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FINE

         AGGREGATE

         Specific gravity	2.54
         Water absorption	11%

      3. Coarse aggregate

         It should be hard, strong dense, durable and clean. It mean be free from vein, adherent coatings and injurious amount of disintegrated pieces, alkalis, vegetable matters and otherdeleterious substances. It should be roughly cubical in shape. Flaky pieces should be avoided. It should confirm to IS 2838(). Coarse aggregate used are of two sizes 20 mm maximum size and 12.5 mm minimum size.

         TABLE III PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COARSE

         AGGREGATE

         Specific gravity	2.778
         Water absorption	0.25%

      4. Water

         Water should be free from acids, oils, alkalies, vegetables or other organic impurities. Soft waters also produce weaker concrete. Water has two functions in a concrete mix. Firstly, it reacts chemically with the cement to form the cement paste in which the inert aggregate are held in suspension until the cement paste has hardened. Secondly, it serves as a lubricant in the mixture of fine aggregates and cement.

      5. Superplastizer

         In order to improve the workability of high performance concrete, superplasticizer in the form of poly-carboxylic either based superplasticizer (Glenium 8233) was used as chemical admixture. The product has specific gravity of 1.09 and solid content not less than 30% by weight of cementitious material.

      6. Acrylic fiber

      Acrylic fibers are synthetic fibers made from a polymer (polyacrylonitrile) with an average molecular weigth of 1900 monomer units. For a fiber to be called acrylic in the united state, the polymer must contain at least 85% acrylonitrile monomer. Dupont created the first acrylic fibers in 1941 and trademarked them under the name orlon. Strong and warm, acrylic fiber is often used for sweaters and tracksuits and as linings for boots and gloves, as well as in furnishing fabrics and carpets. Application of acrylic fiber reinforced concrete used in construction. The thinner and stronger elements spread across entire section, when used in low dosage arrests cracking and increase flexural strength. Acrylic prevents the shrinkage cracks developed during curing making and component inherently stronger. Further when the loads imposed on concrete approach that for failure, cracks will propagate, sometimes rapidly. Addition of acrylic in concrete prevents/arrests cracking caused by volume change (expansion & contraction). The modulus of elasticity of acrylic is high with respect to the modulus of elasticity of the concrete. The acrylic fiber help increase flexural strength. Acrylic fiber are environmental friendly and non-hazardous.

      They easily disperse in the mix. Only 0.5-5% by cement acrylic is sufficient for getting the above advantages. Thus it not only pays for itself, but results in net gain with reduced labour cost and improved properties. Figure 1 represent the acrylic fiber used.

      TABLE IV SPECIFICATION OF ACRYLIC FIBER

      Diameter (µm)	14.4
      Length (mm)	1.55
      Density (kg/m3)	1170
      Tensile strength(N/mm2)	690
      Elongation (%)	15-20
      Acid resistance	Excellent
      Alkali resistance	Good

      70

      60

      50

      40

      30

      20

      10

      0

      7 days

      14 days

      28 days

      70

      60

      50

      40

      30

      20

      10

      0

      7 days

      14 days

      28 days

      0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

      % of acrylic fiber added

      0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

      % of acrylic fiber added

      compresive strength(KN/m2)

      compresive strength(KN/m2)

      B. Accelerated electrolytic corrosion test

      Cylindrical specimens of size 150 mm diameter x 300 mm in height were cast for varying dosage of acrylic fiber at 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% ,2% and 2.5% are tested for corrosion. To obtained results are tabulated in table 6 and plotted in the graph below,

      TABLE VI ACCELERATED ELECTROLYTIC

      Percentage of acrylic fiber added	Accelerated electrolytic corrosion test(%)
      	7 days	28 days
      0	0.56	0.45
      0.5	0.54	0.44
      1	0.53	0.41
      1.5	0.51	0.40
      2	0.49	0.38
      2.5	0.46	0.36

      Percentage of acrylic fiber added	Accelerated electrolytic corrosion test(%)
      	7 days	28 days
      0	0.56	0.45
      0.5	0.54	0.44
      1	0.53	0.41
      1.5	0.51	0.40
      2	0.49	0.38
      2.5	0.46	0.36

      CORROSION TEST

      G. Mix design

      Fig. 1 Acrylic fiber

      The concrete mix is designed as per IS 10262-1982, IS 456- 2000 and SP16 for the conventional concrete and finally river sand is replaced by M-sand. The water cement ratio and the mix proportions of M50 concrete with ratio of 1:1.472:3.043.

   4. EXPERIEMENTAL INVESTIGATION

      The results obtained from experimental tests conducted on hardened concrete for conventional and acrylic fiber reinforced concrete with fiber dosages of 0.5%, 1%,1.5%,2%,2.5%. Test details and results are discussed below.

      1. Water absorption test

         Cube specimens of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm were cast for different dosage of acrylic fiber of 0.5%,1%,1.5%,2%, 2.5% and 3%. Results are tabulated in table 5 and plotted in the graph below,

         TABLE V WATER ABSORPTION RESULTS

         Percentage of acrylic fiber added	Water absorption test(%)
         	7 days	28 days
         0	0.53	0.47
         0.5	0.55	0.45
         1	0.56	0.44
         1.5	0.57	0.42
         2	0.58	0.41
         2.5	0.62	0.48

         6

         5

         4

         3

         2

         1

         7 days

         14 days

         28 days

         6

         5

         4

         3

         2

         1

         7 days

         14 days

         28 days

         0

         0

         0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

         % of acrylic fiber added

         0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

         % of acrylic fiber added

         Tensile strength(KN/m2)

         Tensile strength(KN/m2)

   5. CONCULSION

The following important conclusions were drawn based on the results obtained from the above mentioned tests,

• By increasing the addition of acrylic fiber dosages from 0% to 0.5%, 1%,1.5%,2%,2.5% and 3%, the workability decreases. Hence, superplasticizer

  (Glenium 8233) was used in the dosage of 10ml to improve the workability.

• When compared to conventional concrete, compressive strength of M50grade for varying dosages of acrylic fiber at 0.5%,1%,1.5%,2% and 2.5% , increased durability respectively.

• If high durability is exhibited by the concrete specimen it establishes a good property for the structure.

• The acrylic fiber reduces the crack by filling the gap with fibers and minimizing interconnecting voids

From the results it is observed that there is an increase in durability (water absorption test, accelerated electrolytic corrosion test) up to 2% of fibers by weight of concrete and decreases for 2.5% addition of fiber.

REFERENCES

1. Kuldeep Kumar, Er. Ritu Effect of acrylic fiber on the flexural strength and durability of pavement quality concrete: A review International Journal of Technical Research vol. 4, 2015.

2. R. Ilangovan, N. Mahendrana, K. Nagamani strength and durability properties of concrete containing quarry rock dust as fine aggregate APRN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 3, no. 5, 2008.

3. S. Muralikrishnan, T. Felix kala, P. Asha, S. Elavenil Properties of concrete using manufactured sand as fine aggregate International Journal of ChemTech Research, vol.9, pp. 94-100, 2018.

4. T. Shanmugapriya, R.N. Uma, Optimization of Partial Replacement of M-sand by Natural sand in HPC with silica fume International Journal of Technology of Engg Sciences & Emerging Technologies, vol. 2, pp. 73-80, 2012.

5. Luiz A. Pereira-de-Oliveira, João P. Castro-Gomes, Miguel C.S. Nepomuceno Effect of Acrylic fibers geometry on physical, mechanical and durability properties of cement mortars Construction and Building Materials, vol. 27, pp. 17-68, 2012.

6. U.Bhavitha, Mohammed Safiuddin, and Syed Mohsin Study of strength properties of polyster fiber reinforced concrete Journal of research, vol 2, 2016.

7. M.Prabu, I.Mohammedrafi, and M. Sathees Kumar Experimental investigation on concrete using recron fiber as reinforcement international journal of innovation research in science, engineering and technology, vol 8, 2019.

8. Aishwarya Sukumar, and Elson John Fiber addition and its effect on concrete strength Inernational journal of innovative research in advanced engineering, vol 1, 2014.