IOT based Patient Health Monitoring System to Remote Doctors using Embedded Technology

IOT based Patient Health Monitoring System to Remote Doctors using Embedded Technology

Rashmi I R

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

NIE Institute of Technology, Mysuru-570018, India

Sahana M K

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

NIEInstituteofTechnology, Mysuru-570018, India

Sangeetha R

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

NIEInstituteofTechnology,Mysuru-570018,India

Shruthi K S

Assistant Professor

Department of Electronics and communication Engineering

IE InstituteofTechnology,Mysuru-570018,India

AbstractInternet of Things (IoT) is the emerging paradigm, which contains huge amount of smart object and smart devices connected to the internet for communicating with each other. These smart devices are used to collect temperature, blood pressure, sugar level etc., which are used to evaluate the health condition of the patient. IoT devices are used in many fields which make the users day to day life more comfortable. Communicating the collected information to the doctor, making accurate decision on the data collected and notifying the patient is the challenging task in the IoT. In this paper, the architecture of the Patient Health Monitoring System (PHMS) using IoT devices is proposed to collect the required parameters and evaluate the data obtained from the IoT devices. PHMS also notifies the patient with possible precautionary measures to be practiced by them. This system suggests the patient with medical care and next step to be followed in case of critical situation. The PHMS system is evaluated for certain parameters and the decisions made on the data obtained from the source are assumed to evaluate the system. The proposed system is designed for heart rate, Respiratory rate, kidney stone and kidney failure detection.

KeywordsAVR Microcontroller, Sensors, Arduino software, IOT in healthcare and Embedded systems.

1. INTRODUCTION

   In case of emergency and dangerous situations we have to alert the doctor immediately. For this we are using a IoT based network for doctor to patient communication in the hospital and even to communicate and indicate the status of the patient through SMS. This way of communication is actually done with IoT network topology and with the Bluetooth or Wi-Fi network. Each patient will be given this module and with the help of this module the patient health condition is monitored and if there is any change in the condition of the health then immediately sends that changed

   Data through Bluetooth Wi-Fi network to the local system. The heart beat is monitored with the pulse rate of the body. The high intensity light sensor senses the expansion andcontraction of the heart with the help of the nerves. That beamwill transmit the signal to the receiver and the minute change in the pulse is noticed as the heart beat. If there is any change in the pulses then it is noticed as the change in the heart and then the controller will get a disturbed pulse count which indicates the fault or malfunction of the heart. The controller is fixed for a no. of pulses initially. If there is any change in the any of the pulse count then it onsiders as a malfunction of the heart and then it transmits the pulse count with the patients ID to the doctor in the hospital and at the same to it sends a sms to a fixed number in the microcontroller.

   IoT

   The Internet of things is the internetworking of physical devices, e-health monitor, vehicles, buildings, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data. In 2013 the Global Standards Initiative on Internet of Things (IoT-GSI) defined the IoT as "the infrastructure of the information society." The IoT allows objects to be sensed and/or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer- based or smart phone based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to reduced human intervention.

2. METHODOLOGY

   It consists of two sections Heart rate and Respiratory Monitoring and Kidney status detection.

   Heart abnormal rate true, LCD data=1,

   Bluetooth sms=1

   Heart abnormal rate true, LCD data=1,

   Bluetooth sms=1

   LCD data=3

   LCD data=3

   If PC1?

   Figure1: Block Diagram

   Kidney status detection Section:

   In Iris Image Analysis method kidney status is detected. The main idea is to combine IRIDOLOGY and Image processing with its scientific reasons to open up a new research field and healthcare diagnostic technique. Implementing this method practically requires special image processing where iris feature extraction plays a crucial role. Input iris image is taken as input and given it to pre-processing stage where image quality is enhancing with basic conversion. Pre-processed iris image is extracted and segmented. HMM recognition method is used to detect kidney stone and kidney failure. Matlab image processing tool box is used to implement this project.

   LCD data=5

   Notes:

   Breathing abnormal true, LCD data=2,

   Bluetooth sms=2

   Breathing abnormal true, LCD data=2,

   Bluetooth sms=2

   If SD?

   Iris kidney status true, LCD data=4, Bluetooth sms=4

   Iris kidney status true, LCD data=4, Bluetooth sms=4

   Stop

   Figure3: Flowchart

   Figure 2: Block diagram of Kidney Status detection

3. ALGORITHMOFTHEPROPOSEDSYSTEM Start

   Initialize the device

   Initialize the device

   Include LCD library

   Include LCD library

   PC0: Heart beat sensor PC1: Respiratory sensor SD: Serial Data

4. HARDWARE SPECIFICATION

   Serial @9600 BR

   Serial @9600 BR

   Heart beat sensor: Heart beat sensor is designed to give digital output of heat beat when a finger is placed on it. When the heart beat detector is working, the beat LED flashes in unison with each heart beat. This digital output can be connected to microcontroller directly to measure the Beats per Minute (BPM) rate. It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow through finger at each pulse.

   LCD data=0

   Setup I/O ports

   Setup I/O ports

   If PC0?

   Respiratory sensor: The Respiration Sensor is used to monitor abdominal or thoracical breathing, in biofeedback applications such as stress management and relaxation training. The Respiration Sensor is usually placed in the abdominal area, with the central part of the sensor just above the navel. The sensor should be placed tight enough to prevent loss of tension. A person's respiratory rate is the number of breaths you take per minute. The normal respiration rate for an adult at rest is 12 to 20 breaths per minute. A respiration rate under 12 or over 25 breaths per minute while resting is considered abnormal.

   AVR Microcontroller: The Atmel®AVR® ATmega328 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR RISC architecture. By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega8 achieves throughputs approaching 1MIPS per MHz, allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.

   LCD Display: A liquid crystal display is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. It is often utilized in battery-powered electronic devices because it uses very small amounts of electric power.

   Bluetooth: Bluetooth isa wireless technology standard for exchanging data over short distances (using short- wavelength UHF radio waves in the ISM band from 2.4 to

   2.485 GHz) from fixed and mobile devices, and building personal area networks (PANs). Invented by telecom vendor Ericsson in 1994, it was originally conceived as a wireless alternative to RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices, overcoming problems of synchronization.

   Serial Communication device: Serial communication is common method of transmitting data between a computer and a peripheral device such as a programmable instrument or even another computer. Serial communication transmits data one bit at a time, sequentially, over a single communication line to a receiver. Serial is also a most popular communication protocol that is used by many devices for instrumentation; numerous GPIB-compatible devices also come with an RS-232 based port. This method is used when data transfer rates are very low or the data must be transferred over long distances.

5. SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION

   • MATLAB: MATLAB is a high-performance language for technical computing. It integrates computation, visualization, and programming in an easy-to-use environment where problems and solutions are expressed in familiar mathematical notation.

   • Arduino software: Arduino is a tool for making computers that can sense and control more of the physical world than our desktop computers. Its an open-source physical computing platform based on a simple microcontroller board, and a development environment for writing software for the board. Arduino can be used to develop interactive objects, taking inputs from a variety of switches or sensors and controlling a variety of lights, motors and other physical outputs.

   • Embedded C: Embedded C is a set of language extensions for the C programming language by the C standards committee to address commonality issues that exist between C extensions foe different embedded systems. The C language allows a range of programming styles from high-level application code down to direct low-level manipulation of hardware registers. As a result C has become the most popular programming language for embedded systems today.

6. RESULT

   Figure 4: Results shows on LCD

   Figure5: Iris based Kidney Fail

   Figure 6: Iris based Kidney Stone

7. CONCLUSION

IoT based patient monitoring system for remote doctor will design and demonstrate with AVR Microcontroller. This AVR is reprogrammable so that we can modify the program when we add more features related to E-Health Monitoring System. Iris methodology based kidney status is designed and demonstrated.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This work was supported by our project guide, Ms.Shruthi K S, Assistant Professor, ECE, NIEIT. We are thankful to the guide and faculties of our college who helped us in proposing this system.

REFERENCES

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