A Geo – Polymer Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Plastic Waste

A Geo – Polymer Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregates with Plastic Waste

Mrs. T. Sujatha

Department of Civil Engineering Jntuh College of Engineering Sultanpur

Abstract:- The use of Portland cement in concrete construction is under critical review due to high amount of carbon dioxide gas released to the atmosphere during the production of cement. In recent years, attempts to increase the utilization of fly ash to partially replace the use of Portland cement in concrete are gathering momentum. Most of this by-product material is currently dumped in landfills, creating a threat to the environment. We can reduce the pollution effect on environment, by increasing the usage of industrial by-products in our construction industry. Geo-polymer concrete is a concrete in which Portland cement is fully replaced by fly ash and GGBS (Ground granulated blast furnace slag).

Geo-polymer concrete is a 'new' material that does not need the presence of Portland cement as a binder. Instead, the source of materials such as fly ash, that are rich in Silicon (Si) and Aluminum (AI), are activated by alkaline liquids to produce the binder. Hence it is the concrete with no Portland cement.

The present study covers the use of plastic Waste in geo-polymer concrete as partial replacement of fine aggregate. Sand is replaced with plastic waste at 5, 10, and 15 percentages respectively. Alkaline liquids used in this study are the solutions of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3). Molarity of sodium hydroxide (10M) is considered. Fly ash and GGBS were used in different combinations and percentages respectively. This study is conducted to know the compressive strength of Geo- polymer concrete with plastic waste and to compare the same with Geo- polymer concrete without any replacement of fine aggregate.

key words: Geo-polymer concrete, CO2 emission, GGBS, plastic waste, fly ash.

INTRODUCTION

For the construction of any structure, Concrete is the main material. Concrete usage around the world is second only to water. The main ingredient to produce concrete is Portland cement. On the other side global warming and environmental pollution are the biggest menace to the human race on this planet today.. Combustion of fossil fuels to operate the rotary kiln is the largest source and other one is the chemical process of calcination limestone into lime in the cement kiln also produces CO2.In India about 2,069,738 thousands of metric tons of CO2 is emitted in the year of 2018. The cement industry contributes about 5% of total global carbon dioxide emissions. But the demand of concrete is increasing day by day for its ease of preparing and fabricating in all sorts of convenient shapes. So to overcome this problem, the concrete to be used should be environmental friendly. To produce environmental friendly concrete, we have to replace the cement with some other binders which should not create any bad effect on environment. The use of industrial by

products as binders can reduce the problem. In this respect, the new technology geo-polymer concrete is a promising technique. In terms of reducing the global warming, the geo- polymer technology could reduce the CO2 emission to the atmosphere caused by cement and aggregates industries by about 80%. And also the proper usage of industrial wastes can reduce the problem of disposing the waste products into the atmosphere. Geo-polymer concrete is a concrete in which Portland cement is fully replaced by fly ash and GGBS (Ground granulated blast furnace slag). Geo-polymer concrete is a 'new' material that does not need the presence of Portland cement as a binder. Instead, the source of materials. such as fly ash, that are rich in Silicon (Si) and Aluminum (AI), are activated by alkaline liquids to produce the binder. Hence it is the concrete with no Portland cement.

Objectives :

• To understand properties of geo polymer concrete in order to use it as alternative for Ordinary Portland Cement.

• To draw conclusion on whether geo polymer technology can provide an appropriate alternative for Portland cement.

• Compare the strength of geo polymer concrete having partial replacement of fine aggregates with normal geo polymer concrete.

• Use of plastic waste as construction material and reduce the problems of disposing plastic waste and industrial by products.

METHODOLOGY

Kamlesh. C. Shah sovereign conducted research on strength restrictions and stability and durable of fly ash based Geo polymer concrete. In this study, two concrete mixes are to be controlled out; GPC Mix-1 fly ash concrete and OPC Mix-2 Concrete mix consuming OPC conforming to amount of cementitious material used in GPC Mix-1. Dissimilar attentions were used such as alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of

1. ,0.45 and 0.50, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.0 and 2.5, molarities of NaOH; 10M ,12M, 14M and 16M and check the compressive strength. Compressive strength and durability test were achieved under ambient temperature curing he regulate that fly ash based geo polymer concrete have an admirable conflict to sulfate attack, salt attack and acid attack as connected to ambient curing. Minor increase in the mass of

   concrete cube due to preoccupation of sulphuric acid and salt for concrete.

   Benny Joseph and George Mathew allotted the steering of mixture contains of aggregate content on the engineering assets of Geo polymer concrete. Impact of other limitations such as curing temperature, dated of curing, ratio of sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide, ratio of alkali to fly ash and molarities of sodium hydroxide were also conversed. Created on the study accepted out, it can be determined that a Geo polymer concrete with appropriate proportioning of whole aggregate content and ratio of fine aggregate to entire aggregate, laterally with the ideal values of other parameters, have better engineering properties than the corresponding properties of ordinary cement concrete. As a consequence can obtain the expansion properties achieved by Geo polymer concrete then ordinary concrete.

   Rashidah Mohamed Hamidi , carried out the impact that Combination of Alkali matrixes intricate consumption of alumino silicate materials and alkali activators as the central starting materials where the preceding could be fly ash, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicates (Na2SiO3) correspondingly. It will be further label the consequence of NaOH attentiveness towards the possessions of fly ash based alkali formation. The stimulus of NaOH attentiveness in the range of 4 M to 18 M was analytically studied using Fourier Convert Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for structural elucidation, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to detect the morphology and purpose of the mechanical assets flexural strength was approved out by Universal Testing Machine. Based on the consequences achieved, the optimal NaOH attentiveness (12 M) at which alkali revelations the best mechanical possessions was attained.

   Urvashi Khandelwal, during this study, cement has remained and replaced by fly ash and the assets such as

   compressive strength, sulphur resistance, acid conflict, water absorption, sorptivity and chloride attack have been considered. Class F fly ash has sustained and Geo polymer concrete was heat cured for 24 hours under 75C. It was distinguished that use of Geo polymer concrete not only regulate its greenhouse gas but conjointly increases its strength and resistivity to detrimental acids sulfuric acid attack also causes deficiency in the compressive strength of Alkali concrete; the extet of degradation be contingent on the absorption of the acid fortitude and the amount of exposure.

   Abdul Aleem and Arumairaj, projected an optimal mix for the alkali concrete. They conveyed that the alkali concrete accessible high demonstration with reverence to the strength and that high early strength was attained in the alkali concrete mix. The increase in proportion of fine aggregates and coarse aggregates increased the compressive strength up to the optimal level.

   Alexandre Rodrigue , Josée Duchesne, For an suitable air void system, good mechanical belongings and low permeability micro exceedingly in alkali activated binder systems, appropriate slag fly ash proportioning, water and admixture substances are needed. Air entraining admixture quantities of up to 10 times the optional dosage were necessary to obtain minimal air void properties similar to what is needed for normal Portland cement concretes subjected to freezing conditions. Collective added water caused in emergent absorption and decreasing crack counts in concrete. Increasing fly ash insulation resulted in increasing preoccupation and decreasing early age crack counts. Increasing both added water and fly ash content caused in less autogenously shrinkage.

   GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE WITH PLASTIC REPLACEMENT 2019 DEPARTMENT

   COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AT 5% PLASTIC REPLACEMENT

   3

   2

   2

   1

   1

   5

   COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH 15.2 22.18 23.55 26.44

   AT 14 DAYS 0

   COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

   AT 28 DAYS

   21.78 25.45 28.32 31.21

   Figure 6.2 : mixing of hand

   RESULTS AND DISCUSSION :

   Compressive strength

   The compressive strength of fly ash based Geo polymer concrete specimen with GGBS 10,20,30,40% replacement and different percentages replacement of plastic for 14 days and 28 days.

   1. Rashid Mohamed Hamidi, concentration of NaoH & the effect on the properties of Flyash based Geopolymer International conference on process Engineering & advance material ICPEM 2016.

   2. Salmabanu Luhar , Urvashi Khandelwal, Durability studies on flyash based geopolymer concrete International journal of engineering research & Applications ISSN:2248-9622,VOL5,ISSUE 8(part4) August 2015,pp.1732.

      Test results for Compressive strength of Geo polymer concrete Mix

      Partial replacement of fine aggregates with plastic (in percentages)

      Average compressive strength for 14 days (in Mpa)

      Average compressive strength for 28 days (in Mpa)

   3. Bapugoudu Patil, Durability studies on sustainable Geopolymer Concrete. International Research journals of Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2395-0056 Vol: 02, ISSUE:04/JULY-2015.

   4. X.J.Song, Durability studies on flyash based Geopolymer Concrete against sulphuric acid attack. International Conference On

      F90G10 100% sand 14.95 19.43

      95% sand + 5% plastic 15.2 21.78

      90% sand + 10% plastic 14.13 18.31

      85% sand + 15% plastic 12.93 17.12

      Graph 7.3 Comparison between Compressive strength at 14 days and 28 days with 5% replacement

      CONCLUSIONS

      1. The strength of geo polymer concrete at 5% replacement of fine aggregates with plastic increased as compared to that of geo polymer concrete with zero percentage replacement of fine aggregates.

      2. As the percentage of replacement of fine aggregates increases after 5% the strength of geo polymer concrete decreases. So it is advisable to replace plastic up to 5%.

      3. Geo polymer concrete with 100% replacement of fine aggregates couldn't attain proper strength (i.e. we got 4.5 Mpa) hence complete replacement will not be possible.

         FUTURE SCOPE :

         Ground Granulated Blast Furnace slag based Geo polymer concrete can be investigated with other source materials which include rice husk ash, kaolinite clays etc. Development of high strength geo polymer concrete manufactured with silicates and hydroxides of potassium can be tested and effect of high strength in flexural behavior can be study. More usage in real constructions can be implemented. Plastic which is one of the reasons for global changes can be reduced by using again in geo polymer concrete. Geo polymer concrete which is already green by addition of plastic it will be best solution for global and climatic changes by producing less carbon as cement is not used, by reducing the disposal problems of industrial by products and by reusing plastic as a construction material.

         REFERENCES :

         1. C. Kamlesh.Shah, A.R.Parikh and K. J. Parmar,Study of Strength Parameters and durability of Fly ash based Geo polymer Concrete Indian Journal of Research, Vol. 3, Issue 7, ISSN – 2250-1991, July 2014.

         2. Benny Joseph and George Mathew, Influence of aggregate content on the behavior of fly ash based geo polymer concrete Scientia Iranica, Vol. 19, Issue 5, pp; 1188-1194, October 2012.

            Durability of Building Materials and Components LYON [France]

            17-20 April 2005.

   5. M.I. Abdul Aleem and P.D. Arumairaj, Optimum mix for the Geopolymer con- crete, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Volume 5,March 2012.

   6. Lloyd, N.A., Rangan, B.V., Durability of Geopolymer Concrete Box Culverts- A Green Alternative, Proceedings of the 34th Conference on Our World in Concrete and Structures, Singapore

   7. Rangan, B. V, Studies on Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Concrete Malaysian Construction Research Journal, Vol. 3, Issue 2, ISSN: 3812:2003, 2008.

   8. M.W. Ferdous, O. kayali and A. khennane A detailed procedure of mix design for fly ash based geopolymer concrete

   9. Ankur Mehta,Rafat siddique, Sulfuric acid resistence of flyash based geopolymer concrete, Construction and building material volume-146(2012),136-143.

   10. Thokchom S, Ghosh P, Ghosh S. Effect of sodium content on durability of geopolymer mortars in acid environment. International journal of chemical and biological Engineering. 2009: 20-25.

   11. Sanni Shankar H.,Khadiranaikar R. B.Performance of Geopolymer concrete under severe environmental conditions International Journal of Civil & Structural Engineering, Year : 2012, Volume : 3, Issue : 2 (396-407).

   12. M. Albitar, M.S. Mohamed Ali, P. Visintin, Durability evaluation of geopolymer and conventional concrete, Construction and building material ,volume-136

   13. Wallah, S.E. and Rangan, B.V. (2006), Low-Calcium Fly Ash- Based Geopolymer Concrete: Long-Term Properties, Research Report GC2, Faculty of Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth.

   14. Yao Ding a, Jian-Guo Dai, Mechanical properties of Alkali activated concrete, Construstion and building material volume 127,IS-68-79.

   15. M.K. Hossain b, M.N. Islam c, M.F.M. Zain, Durability of motar & concrete containing alkali-activated binder with pozzolans , Construction and building material volume-93(2015) ,95-109.

   16. specification for coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for concrete ( second revision ), bis, new delhi ,april 1971, (is 383- 1970).

   17. Suresh Thokchom, Dr.ParthaGhosh and Dr.SomnathGhoshResistance of flyash based Geopolymer mortar in Sulfuric acid, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 4, No.1, February 2009

   18. PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE – CODE OF PRACTICE (Fourth Revision), BIS, New Delhi , July 2000 (IS 456-2000).

   19. METHOD OF TESTS FOR STRENGTH OF CONCRETE, IS- 516,BIS,New Delhi,2004.

   20. Alexandre Rodrigue, Josée Duchesne, Benoit Fournier, Influence of added water and fly ash content on the characteristics, properties and early-age cracking sensitivity of alkali-activated slag/fly ash concrete cured at ambient temperature, Construction and Building Materials 171 (2018) 929941.