Prediction of Optimum Geopolymer Concrete Mix With Various Methods

Prediction of Optimum Geopolymer Concrete Mix With Various Methods

Aleena Alan , Arathi S , Bikku Biju , Febina V Shaji B.Tech Students

Department of Civil Engineering Mangalam College of Engineering

Kottayam India

Abstract By chemically activating industrial waste byproducts including Bottom Ash, Flyash, GGBS, Wood Ash, Metakaolin, and others using alkali activator solutions, Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) has been created. It should be noted that the binding substance contains a suitable amount of aluminium silicate. The potential for the geopolymer concrete to replace OPC concrete is greater. The binders, such as GGBS and wood ash, are employed for the geopolymer mix at varied ratios from 0% to 100% as part of this experimental inquiry. Alkali- binder ratio, alkali activator component ratio, and concentrations are just a few of the GPC factors that are used in different combinations. According to the findings, the mixture should contain 0.55 alkali to every 70 percent GGBS and 30 percent wood ash at a 14M concentration for achieving maximum values for strength properties. We may infer that GGBS has a significant role in the higher values of the strength characteristics of the geopolymer mix.Due to the low cost of these byproducts, geopolymer concrete's widespread use will result in a very lucrative construction material that is also environmentally friendly.

Keywords:Geopolymer concrete, Sodium silicate, Sodium hydroxide, Wood ash , Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag , varying parameters

1.INTRODUCTION

The cement acquires the position of being the most utilized product in widespread in all over the world. When combined with water, fine and coarse aggregate, and other binder materials, liquid cement is primarily used as the binding agent in concrete. This is so that the cement, when mixed with other concrete ingredients, may function very effectively as a binder material. The cement may provide the structural component formed of cement concrete with high workability, fresh concrete qualities, and mechanical properties.When producing clinker, an intermediary product in the cement manufacturing process, carbon dioxide emissions are released into the environment. Carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere as a result of the excessive production of cement in every corner of the globe, which may speed up the greenhouse effect and eventually result in global warming. According to research and publications, it is clear that the manufacture of cement on a global scale contributes significantly to the increased rate of CO2 in the atmosphere. In other words,

Dr. K Arunkumar

Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering Mangalam College of Engineering

Kottayam India

excessive cement production is to blame for 8% of the world's CO2 emissions. Therefore, finding an alternative to cement as a binder ingredient is important. As an equivalent for Portland cement concrete, geopolymer concrete is now popular in the construction sector in general. Making applications for precursor materials with an alumina silicate composition as well as an alkali activator solution allows for the production of geopolymer concrete.This study focus attention on green approach that can be implemented by exchanging any current materials with a different option materials that might deliver the same efficient functions.

2.OBJECTIVE

For achieving the optimum proportional mix of GGBS – Wood ash geopolymer concrete at varying percentage proportions of binders , varying molar concentrations of activator solution with varying ratios and at varying ratios of activator to binder ratios by means of mechanical properties.

3.MATERIALS

1. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag: Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) which is a byproduct that is obtained during the steel and iron manufacturing process. It is used as a major binding material which consist of silica and alumina content.

   Figure1 : GGBS

   Table 1: Properties of GGBS

2. Wood Ash : Wood ash is obtained as waste product when a quantity of woods are subjected to fire.Here, wood ash is collected and used as binder material substituting the GGBS.

Figure 2 : Wood Ash

Table 2: Properties of Wood ash

1. Alkali activator solution: The NaOH- Na2SiO3 solution is used s activator solution for the present geopolymer concrete mix.

   Table 2: Properties of NaOH

   Table 3 : Properties of Na2SiO3

2. Fine aggregate : The sand which confirms with

   IS 383:2016 are selected as the fine aggregate for the present work.

   Figure 3 : Natural sand

   Table 4 : Properties of fine aggregates

3. Coarse aggregate : Coarse particles of nominal size 10mm are selected. The coarse aggregate confirms with

   IS 383:2016.

   Figure 4:Coarse aggregate

   Table 5 : Properties of Coarse aggregates

   4.MIX DESIGN

   The mix design for the geopolymer concrete mix is adopted from the journal named Modified Guidelines Geopolymer concrete mix design using Indian Standard. The GGBS – Wood ash binder percentage varies from 0 to 100%. The activator solution to binding material ratio is selected at a range of 0.40 to 0.70 at 0.5 increasing rate. The alkali activator component ratio varies at 1 , 1.5 , 2 , 2.5. The molar concentration ranges at 8M to 14M at 1M increasing rate.

   Table 6: Proportions of different parameters for Geopolymer concrete mix

   5.METHODOLOGY

   For the present work , GGBS , Wood ash , natural sand and coarse aggregate , NaOH-Na2SiO3 solution are used .The physical properties of GGBS and Wood ash has been collected from the factories. The physical properties of aggregates has been determined by performing test as per IS 383:2016. The Geopolymer concrete at varying parameters has been casted and cured by means of ambient curing. The strength properties such as compressive strength , split tensile strength and flexural strength has obtained at 3, 14 and 28 days of curing.

   Figure 5: Casting of specimens

   1. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

      1. Compressive strength test

         Compressive strength test has been performed on Geopolymer concrete cube consisting varying parameters at 3, 14 and 28 days of curing.The investigation has been executed as per IS 516:1959.

         Mix IDs	Compressive Strength in MPa
         	3 days	14 days	28 days
         GW30D4M8	19.8	23.5	24.1
         GW30D4M9	20.6	24.3	25.4
         GW30D4M10	21.3	25.4	26.5
         GW30D4M11	22.8	26.0	27.8
         GW30D4M12	23.5	26.8	29.3
         GW30D4M13	24.3	28.3	30.2
         GW30D4M14	25.8	30.2	33
         GW40D4M8	18.8	21.5	22.5
         GW40D4M9	19.5	22.1	23.1
         GW40D4M10	20.0	22.8	23.9
         GW40D4M11	20.8	23.5	24.8
         GW40D4M12	21.5	24.6	25.5
         GW40D4M13	22.4	25.8	26.3
         GW40D4M14	23.1	26.3	27.5
         GW50D4M8	17.6	18.5	20.5
         GW50D4M9	18.4	19.6	21.6
         GW50D4M10	19.8	20.4	22.0
         GW50D4M11	20.5	21.6	22.8
         GW50D4M12	21.2	22.9	23.4
         GW50D4M13	21.8	23.8	24.6
         GW50D4M14	22.5	24.6	25.1

         Table 7: Compressive strength of GPC

         Figure 6 : Testing of specimens

         Figure 7: Compressive strength for Category GW30D4

         GW30D4M13	4.80	6.50	8.80
         GW30D4M14	5.30	7.30	9.30
         GW40D4M8	2.10	4.80	5.00
         GW40D4M9	2.50	5.00	6.10
         GW40D4M10	3.30	5.20	6.80
         GW40D4M11	3.70	5.50	7.50
         GW40D4M12	4.10	5.80	7.90
         GW40D4M13	4.40	6.20	8.30
         GW40D4M14	4.70	6.50	8.60
         GW50D4M8	1.80	4.50	4.60
         GW50D4M9	2.50	4.70	5.50
         GW50D4M10	3.00	4.90	6.20
         GW50D4M11	3.50	5.20	6.70
         GW50D4M12	3.90	5.50	7.10
         GW50D4M13	4.20	5.80	7.40
         GW50D4M14	4.40	6.10	7.80

         Figure 8: Compressive strength for Category GW40D4

         Figure 9:Compressive strength for Category GW50D4

         The Mix GW30D4M14 has maximum compressive strength of 33 MPa at 28 days of curing. The mix consist of alkali- binder ratio of 0.55 , alkali activator solution ratio of 2.5 with 14M molarity.

      2. Split tensile strength test

      Split tensile strength test has been executed for Geopolymer concrete cylinders consisting varying parameters at 3 , 14 and 28 days of curing.The test is conducted as peer IS 5186:1999.

      Mix IDs	Tensile Strength in MPa
      	3 days	14 days	28 days
      GW30D4M8	2.50	5.30	5.40
      GW30D4M9	2.60	5.50	5.80
      GW30D4M10	2.90	5.60	6.10
      GW30D4M11	3.40	5.80	6.70
      GW30D4M12	4.20	5.80	7.80

      Table 8: Split tensile strength of GPC

      Figure 10: Split tensile strength for Category GW30D4

      Figure 11 :Split tensile strength for Category GW40D4

      Figure 12 :Split tensile strength for Category GW50D4

      The Mix GW30D4M14 has maximum split tensile strength of

      9.30 MPa at 28 days of curing. The mix consist of alkali- binder ratio of 0.55 , alkali activator solution ratio of 2.5 with 14M molarity.

      6.3Flexural strength test

      The Flexural strength test has been executed for Geopolymer concrete beams consisting varying parameters at 3 , 14 and 28 days of curing.The test has been executed as per IS 516:1959.

      Table 9 : Flexural strength test results

      Figure 13 : Flexural strength for Category GW30D4

      Figure 14 : Flexural strength for Category GW40D4

      Mix ID	Flexural Strength in MPa
      	3 days	14 days	28 days
      GW30D4M8	2.5	5.35	6.10
      GW30D4M9	2.6	5.50	6.30
      GW30D4M10	2.9	5.60	7.20
      GW30D4M11	3.4	5.70	7.10
      GW30D4M12	4.31	5.80	8.10
      GW30D4M13	4.26	6.50	8.80
      GW30D4M14	4.80	7.30	9.30
      GW40D4M8	2.20	5.05	5.60
      GW40D4M9	3.90	5.70	6.50
      GW40D4M10	3.20	5.25	7.10
      GW40D4M11	3.80	6.05	7.80
      GW40D4M12	4.10	6.60	8.10
      GW40D4M13	4.35	6.95	8.45
      GW40D4M14	4.50	7.10	8.70
      GW50D4M8	1.90	4.60	5.10
      GW50D4M9	2.45	4.20	5.55
      GW50D4M10	2.85	5.05	6.05
      GW50D4M11	3.10	5.45	6.50
      GW50D4M12	3.45	5.90	6.90
      GW50D4M13	3.80	6.15	7.30
      GW50D4M14	4.10	6.50	7.80

      Figure 15 : Flexural strength test for Category GW50D4

      The Mix GW30D4M14 has maximum flexural strength of

      9.30 MPa at 28 days of curing. The mix consist of alkali- binder ratio of 0.55 , alkali activator solution ratio of 2.5 with 14M molarity.

   2. CONCLUSIONS

• According to the findings, the mix ID GW30D4M14 containing 0.55 alkali to every 70% GGBS and 30% wood ash at a 14M concentration has been achieved maximum values for strength properties.

• When compared with the other mix categories, The mix category GW50D4 has achieved strength in every aspect at a lower rate.

• Strength characteristics fall as the dosage of wood ash goes up.

• Due to the low cost of these byproducts, geopolymer concrete's widespread use will result in a very lucrative construction material that is also environmentally friendly.

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