DOI : 10.17577/IJERTV2IS3267
- Open Access
- Total Downloads : 813
- Authors : Indra Jaya, Nadjamuddin H, Muh. Tola, Wihardi Tjaronge
- Paper ID : IJERTV2IS3267
- Volume & Issue : Volume 02, Issue 03 (March 2013)
- Published (First Online): 14-03-2013
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
- License:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Simulation Of Power Losses Improvement With Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) On Transmission Line System Of Southern And Western Sulawesi (Sulselbar) Using Neplan Software
Indra Jaya
Phd Student in Study Program of Civil engineering of Hasanuddin University
Nadjamuddin H. Professor in electrical engineering Department of Hahasanuddin University
Muh. Tola Professor in electrical engineering Department
of Hahasanuddin University
Wihardi Tjaronge Professor in Civil engineering Department of Hahasanuddin University
Abstract
This paper presents Simulation of Power Losses Improvement with Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) on Transmission Line System of Southern and western Sulawesi (Sulselbar) Using Neplan Software. In the operation of electric power system, the power flow on the transmission line is a function of the parameter line (ie; impedance line, the sender and receiver voltage and the phase angle). UPFC as a family of flexible ac transmission system device (Facts Device), can control the real and reactive power flow simultaneously or separately via the control transmission line parameter. By placing UPFC between bus of Bone (18) and bus of Sinjai (19) at Sulselbar system, and set the power flowing to the UPFC by (15 MW, 5 MVAR). Simulation results show that total of power losses in the system has decreased, the production of reactive power at the plant declined, power factor has increased and voltage of bus has increased also. So that UPFC can be a solution of system development without having to reschedule of generation and change of line topologi
Keyword: Unified Power Flow Controler, Power Losses, and Neplan Software
-
Introduction
Development of electric power system can not be separated from the plant addition and new transmission line expansion. But for the area/city that rapidly growing is a complex problem and complicated. To increase the capacity of power generation side, the wisest solution is to increase the loadability of transmission line by minimizing the power losses through a control parameter of
transmission line (impedance line, the sender and receiver voltage, phase angle).
Unified power flow controller (UPFC) as a power electronics-based controllers, can acts as a shunt compensator, phase converters and series compensators simultaneously or separately on the transmission line[3], the way of UPFC operation can be changed from one state to another without having to did generation reschedule or change line topologi[2]. Loadability enhancement in transmission line by minimizing the power losses using UPFC will increase the Available transfer capability (ATC) transmission line.
-
Literature Review
The basic structure of UPFC
The basic structure of the UPFC, consists of 2 pieces sourced Voltage Converters (VSC), which are connected with a common DC link through a DC Capacitor Storage. Each Converter is connected to the system through a coupling transformer. Converter 1 is connected in parallel with the transmission line through a shunt transformer (Boosting Transformer) and Static Synchronous known as Compensator (STATCOM), while the second converter connected in series with the transmission line through a series transformer (Exciting Transformer) and is known as a Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) [3]. More details see figure 1 below.
Figure 2. Equivalen circuit of UPFC
Figure 1. Digram block from UPFC
Function of UPFC
In Figure 1, shows that the two converters are operated from a common dc link through the dc storage capacitor. Converter 2 (serial converter) works by injecting Vpq voltage magnitude and phase angle are controllable, while converter 1 (shunt converter) supplying active power from the transmission line required by the converter 2 via the common dc link, this situation led to serial converter to exchange power active and reactive power with the transmission line.
Each converter can generate or absorb reactive power on each of its ac terminal. For that converter 1 in addition serves to maintain a constant dc voltage to control voltage phase through exchange of active power, as well as control the ac voltage at the transformer
Illustration of operating system
-
Operation without compensation
In Figure 3a, is shown a simple system with two machines are connected by a transmission line reactance XL, where Vs is the sender voltage and VR is receiver. While the picture 3b shows the voltage phasor
Figure 3. System without compensation
-
Circuit
-
Phasor voltage
Phasor voltage in Figure 3b, shows that the current is lagging to voltage is 900 and phase angle between VS and VR (if VR as a voltage reference) is . The power transfer equation, formulated as follows:
terminal shunt through reactive power exchange with the line, while the series converter with voltage injection can control active and reactive power transmission line.
P VS VR Sin XL
-
-
Operation with shunt converter
(1)
In figure 2. Showing eqivalen circuit of UPFC, with series voltage source of series injection VSE and shunt voltage source VSH, and each has a series and shunt reactance XSE, XSH, and XL is reactance of the transmission line
In Figure 4. Indicated that, by changing the VSH and the phase angle between voltage VSH and VS maintained at zero value, the reactive power flow direction can be changed (VSH functions generate or consume reactive
power). This operation is identical to the installation of shunt capacitors on the transmission line, generating or absorbing reactive power by changing its shunt reactive impedance. This situation shows that the function of the shunt compensator duplicatedby shunt voltage source VSH.
Figure 4. Eqivalen circuit of shunt part of UPFC
If the phase angle of shunt voltage VSH is leading to VS, and magnitude VSH > VS, VSH generates the active and reactive power, whereas if the phase angle VS leading to VSH, and magnitude VS > VSH, VSH consumes the active and reactive power. This situation shows that by controlling the amplitude and phase angle of shunt voltage source VSH, the flow direction of active and reactive power can be controlled, so that the shunt voltage source Vsh can serve as a burden on the system or generator power.
-
Operation with series converter
series part gives the main function of the UPFC by controlling the three parameters (voltage, impedance and phase angle), which affects the power flow in the transmission line simultaneously and independently. Its represented by a variable AC voltage source in series with the VSE that can be controlled
and phase angle measured from reference
voltage VR, connected to the sending end by reactance XSE as illustrated in Fig. 5
Figue 5. Eqivalen circuit of deries part of UPFC
3. Research Metodology
This research is a qualitative study with the object of research is power system suselbar. The research strategy resolved by simulations using NEPLAN software and then simulation results is analyzed according to the research objectives.
NEPLAN Software is a Swiss-made software program that is widely used for the purposes of planning and information systems on the network of electrical, gas and water. This software provides all the menus and calculation modules, making it very easy to operate by the user.
-
Drawing a simple system
Drawing any system made in Workspace. In the Workspace, different diagrams can be opened, te same diagram can be used to enter the network and build control circuits or drawing sketches. The shape of the Workspace as in figure 6.
Figure 6. Workspace area
The results of the image in the workspace shown in figure 7
Figure 7. Example of making pictures of the system in the workspace
-
Input Data
Each draw the parts system, facilitated by the data input dialog box, as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8. Example of dialog box of generator
Figure 9. Example of dialog box of busbar
-
Simulation Program
After all the images have been poured in the workspace, the input data has been completed for each of the elements of the picture, we then performed running the program in accordance with the objectives to be achieved. In the menu bar option available several options as figure 10
Figure 10. Menu option bar for simulation
-
Simulation Results
The simulation results (analysis), can be selected in accordance with the wishes, for example: The yield on the bus alone, results in a particular element, or the overall results, including conclusions from the results obtained as figure 11
Figure 11. Simulation results
-
System Sulselbar Data
Table 1. Operation Data of Generation and Load at Peak Load in Sulselbar System
8
9
150
5.91130
21.23964
0.00003
7
9
150
6.92084
24.80210
0.00004
8
9
150
5.91130
21.23964
0.00003
8
10
150
5.91838
21.26508
0.00003
10
11
150
6.11226
41.88839
0.00016
13
16
150
6.34786
22.80945
0.00004
13
14
150
7.05845
42.47173
0.00011
14
15
150
4.40709
15.83494
0.00002
16
17
150
2.36879
14.25337
0.00004
16
18
150
4.15021
18.34410
0.00004
18
19
150
9.14423
32.85574
0.00005
18
20
150
16.18835
58.16568
0.00009
19
20
150
7.02041
25.22473
0.00004
20
21
150
5.46873
19.64947
0.00003
21
22
150
2.88924
10.38123
0.00002
22
23
150
0.75667
5.18556
0.00002
23
24
150
0.79577
4.78829
0.00001
DIAGRAM SISTEM TENAGA LISTRIK SULSELBAR
TELLO 2
150 kV
TELLO 2
150 kV
PANKEP4 150 kV
PANKEP4 150 kV
PARE 6
150 kV
PARE 6
150 kV
PINRG 7
150 kV
PINRG 7
150 kV
BAKARU 9
150 kV
BAKARU 9
150 kV
T.LAMA 1
150 kV
No. Bus
Nama Bus
Generator
Beban
MW
MVAR
MW
MVAR
1
Tallo Lama
–
–
31.6
23.5
2
Tello
123.5
47.20
51.9
18.3
3
Bosowa
–
–
19.20
8.91
4
Pangkep
–
–
51.2
6.2
5
Barru
–
–
4.10
0.95
6
Pare Pare
–
–
(6.90)
(0.60)
7
Pinrang
–
–
17.10
4.50
8
Polmas
–
–
11.30
3.30
9
Bakaru
125.60
(4.00)
3.90
0.20
10
Majene
–
–
6.90
1.70
11
Mamuju
–
–
8.10
10.00
12
Suppa
51.80
16.00
51.80
16.00
13
Sidrap
–
–
16.00
10.00
14
Makale
–
–
11.40
1.70
15
Palopo
4.20
0.39
22.10
4.90
16
Soppeng
–
–
3.80
6.30
17
Sengkang
143.70
20.20
16.10
7.50
18
Bone
–
–
21.60
6.50
19
Sinjai
–
–
4.90
4.40
20
Bulukumba
–
–
6.50
0.40
21
Jeneponto
–
–
12.50
3.90
22
Tallasa
–
–
1.20
5.60
23
Sungguminasa
–
–
6.80
0.70
24
Tanjung Bunga
–
–
33.80
13.30
25
Panakukang
–
–
39.90
10.90
No. Bus
Nama Bus
Generator
Beban
MW
MVAR
MW
MVAR
1
Tallo Lama
–
–
31.6
23.5
2
Tello
123.5
47.20
51.9
18.3
3
Bosowa
–
–
19.20
8.91
4
Pangkep
–
–
51.2
6.2
5
Barru
–
–
4.10
0.95
6
Pare Pare
–
–
(6.90)
(0.60)
7
Pinrang
–
–
17.10
4.50
8
Polmas
–
–
11.30
3.30
9
Bakaru
125.60
(4.00)
3.90
0.20
10
Majene
–
–
6.90
1.70
11
Mamuju
–
–
8.10
10.00
12
Suppa
51.80
16.00
51.80
16.00
13
Sidrap
–
–
16.00
10.00
14
Makale
–
–
11.40
1.70
15
Palopo
4.20
0.39
22.10
4.90
16
Soppeng
–
–
3.80
6.30
17
Sengkang
143.70
20.20
16.10
7.50
18
Bone
–
–
21.60
6.50
19
Sinjai
–
–
4.90
4.40
20
Bulukumba
–
–
6.50
0.40
21
Jeneponto
–
–
12.50
3.90
22
Tallasa
–
–
1.20
5.60
23
Sungguminasa
–
–
6.80
0.70
24
Tanjung Bunga
–
–
33.80
13.30
25
Panakukang
–
–
39.90
10.90
LOAD-1
L1-2
LOAD-2
L2-4
L2-3 L3-4
L4-6
L4-5 L5-6
LOAD-5
LOAD-5
BARRU 5
150 kV
L6-12
L6-7
LOAD-6
LOAD-6
GEN-7
LOAD-7
L7-9
L8-9
GEN-9
GEN-9
Table 2. Impedance of conductor data
BSWA3 150 kV
BSWA3 150 kV
POLMAS 8
150 kV
POLMAS 8
150 kV
LOAD-9
LOAD-9
LOAD-8
LOAD-8
LOAD-3
LOAD-3
GEN-1
L2-23
L2-25
L0AD-4
PNKUKANG 25
150 kV
PNKUKANG 25
150 kV
SUPPA 12
150 kV
LOAD-12
L6-13
GEN-12
GEN-12
L6-8
MJENE 10
L8-10
MAMJU 11
150 kV
L10-11
L10-11
No. of Bus
KV
bus
Total Impedansi (Ohm/Mho)
From
To
Urutan Positif
Y/2
R
JX
1
2
150
0.81630
2.92120
0.00001
2
3
150
3.78603
13.60936
0.00003
2
23
150
0.43262
2.96483
0.00001
2
25
150
1.06184
1.94971
0.00000
2
4
150
5.35992
19.20471
0.00005
3
4
150
2.45326
8.81852
0.00002
4
5
150
5.44203
19.50147
0.00005
4
6
150
10.64745
38.15505
0.00010
5
6
150
5.20542
18.65358
0.00005
6
7
150
3.12325
11.19215
0.00003
6
12
150
0.88493
3.17959
0.00000
6
13
150
2.25361
8.09735
0.00001
6
8
150
8.24205
29.60811
0.00008
No. of Bus
KV
bus
Total Impedansi (Ohm/Mho)
From
To
Urutan Positif
Y/2
R
JX
1
2
150
0.81630
2.92120
0.00001
2
3
150
3.78603
13.60936
0.00003
2
23
150
0.43262
2.96483
0.00001
2
25
150
1.06184
1.94971
0.00000
2
4
150
5.35992
19.20471
0.00005
3
4
150
2.45326
8.81852
0.00002
4
5
150
5.44203
19.50147
0.00005
4
6
150
10.64745
38.15505
0.00010
5
6
150
5.20542
18.65358
0.00005
6
7
150
3.12325
11.19215
0.00003
6
12
150
0.88493
3.17959
0.00000
6
13
150
2.25361
8.09735
0.00001
6
8
150
8.24205
29.60811
0.00008
SGMINASA 23
150 kV
LOAD-25
L22-23
L22-23
SIDRAP 13
150 kV
150 kV
L13-14
L13-14
LOAD-10
L13-16
L13-16
L16-17
L16-17
LOAD-13
MAKALE 14
LOAD-14
LOAD-14
150 kV
LOAD-11 GEN-11
L14-15
T.BUNGA 24
150 kV
LOAD-23
L23-24
TLASA 22
150 kV
LOAD-22
L21-22
SINJAI 19
150 kV
SOPPENG 16
150 kV
SOPPENG 16
150 kV
LOAD-16
L18-19
L18-19
L19-20
L19-20
BONE 18
L18-20
L18-20
150 kV
L16-18
SENGKANG 17
150 kV
GEN-17
GEN-17
LOAD-17
PALOPO 15
150 kV
GEN-14
LOAD-15
LOAD-15
GEN-15
LOAD-24
JNPONT0 21
150 kV
LOAD-21
L-OAD-19
L20-21
L20-21
BLKUMBA 20
150 kV
LOAD-18
LOAD-20
Figure 12. One line diagram for Sulselbar system without UPFC Using NEPLAN
T.LAMA 1
150 kV
DIAGRAM SISTEM TENAGA LISTRIK SULSELBAR
UPFC- PANKEP – PARE2
UPFC- PANKEP – PARE2
BAKARU 9
150 kV
BAKARU 9
150 kV
LOAD-2
LOAD-2
L1-2
TELLO 2
150 kV
TELLO 2
150 kV
L2-4
L2-3 L3-4
PANKEP4 150 kV
PANKEP4 150 kV
L4-6
L4-5 L5-6
PARE 6
150 kV
PARE 6
150 kV
L6-7
PINRG 7
150 kV
PINRG 7
150 kV
L7-9
L8-9
LOAD-1
BARRU 5
150 kV
LOAD-5
LOAD-5
L6-12
GEN-7
LOAD-7
POLMAS 8
LOAD-9
LOAD-9
GEN-9
GEN-9
LOAD-8
LOAD-8
150 kV
BSWA3 150 kV
BSWA3 150 kV
PNKUKANG 25
150 kV
PNKUKANG 25
150 kV
LOAD-3
LOAD-3
GEN-1
L2-23
L2-25
L0AD-4
SUPPA 12
LOAD-12
LOAD-12
150 kV
L6-8
L6-13
L6-13
LOAD-6
LOAD-6
GEN-12
GEN-12
UPFC-PARE2 – SIDRAP
UPFC-PARE2 – SIDRAP
MJENE 10
150 kV
L8-10
LOAD-10
MAMJU 11
150 kV
L10-11
L10-11
LOAD-11 GEN-11
SGMINASA 23
150 kV
LOAD-23
L23-24
L22-23
L22-23
TLASA 22
150 kV
L13-14
L13-14
LOAD-25
SIDRAP 13
SOPPENG 16
150 kV
SOPPENG 16
150 kV
150 kV
L13-16
L13-16
L16-18
LOAD-13
L16-17
L16-17
SENGKANG 17
UPFC BON-SNJI
UPFC BON-SNJI
150 kV
MAKALE 14
LOAD-14
LOAD-14
150 kV
PALOPO 15
150 kV
L14-15
GEN-14
Figure 15. Bus voltage curve without and with UPFC (UPFC put on between bus 18 and 19)
T.BUNGA 24
150 kV
LOAD-21
LOAD-21
LOAD-24
LOAD-22
JNPONT0 21
150 kV
L21-22
SINJAI 19
150 kV
L-OAD-19
UPFC JNPT-BLKMBA
UPFC JNPT-BLKMBA
L20-21
L19-20
LOAD-16
L18-19
L18-19
BONE 18
150 kV
L18-20
L18-20
BLKUMBA 20
150 kV
LOAD-18
LOAD-17
LOAD-17
LOAD-15
GEN-17
GEN-17
GEN-15
Project: SISTEM SULSELBAR 4
DISERTASI S3
created
changed
changed
Variant: Rootnet
changed
changed
BCP Busarello + Cott + Partner Bahnhofstr. 40
CH-8703 Erlenbach (Switzerland) www.neplan.com
Date: 19-Feb-2013
NEPLAN
Project: SISTEM SULSELBAR 4
DISERTASI S3
created
changed
changed
Variant: Rootnet
changed
changed
BCP Busarello + Cott + Partner Bahnhofstr. 40
CH-8703 Erlenbach (Switzerland) www.neplan.com
Date: 19-Feb-2013
NEPLAN
LOAD-20
Figure 13. One line diagram for Sulselbar system with UPFC Using NEPLAN
-
Discussion
Simulation results of bus voltage using NEPLAN
Figure 14. Bus voltage curve without and with UPFC (UPFC put on between bus 6 and 13)
figure 16. Bus voltage curve without and with UPFC (UPFC put on between bus 20 and 21)
Table 3. Simulation results of power at bus in Sulselbar system
Keadaan Sistem
Power Losses
Power at Generator
PLoss (MW)
QLoss (MVar)
P (MW)
Q
(MVar)
Steady State (without UPFC)
11.612
48.26
465.312
174.445
UPFC put on between bus 6 and 13
11.519
0.621
465.219
139.119
UPFC put on between bus 18 and 19
10.859
26.114
464.559
153.771
UPFC put on between bus 20 and 21
11.287
15.805
464.987
142.949
From Figure 14 and Table 3. It appears that, by regulating the flow of power flowing through the UPFC, where (-10 MW, 30 MVAR) for UPFC put on between buses 6- 13, (15 MW, 5 MVAR) put on between buses
18-19 and (7 MW, 5 MVAR) put on between
buses 20-21, the results that the voltage on the bus increases, Ploss and Qloss decrease, its certainly improving power factor system, network loadability and available transfer capability for the better.
-
Conclusion
-
Unified power flow controller (UPFC) is a modern control equipment to control the real and reactive power flow on transmission lines either simultaneously or separately, in addition to its operation can be changed from one state to another without having to reschedule of generation and change of line topoloi. its shows that UPFC can be a solution for increasing the generation capacity of a power system without having to add power.
References
-
N.G. Hingorani. 1991. FACTS, Flexible Transmission System. In Proceeding of Fifth International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission. pp. 1-7. London, September 1991
-
Xia-Ping, Z., Keith R.G. 2004. Advanced Unified Power flow Controller Model for Power system Steady state Control. IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation Restructing and Power Technology. Hongkong, pp.228-233, April 2004
-
Sadikovic, Rusejla. 2003. Power flow Control with UPFC. Internal Report
-
Xiao-Ping Zhang, Christian Rehtanz, Bikash Pal. 2006. Flexible AC Transmission ystems: Modelling and Control. Germany.
-
Noroozian, M., Angquist, L., Ghandhari, M., Anderson, G. 1997. Use of UPFC for Optimal Power Flow control. IEEE Trans. On Power Delivery, Vol.12,
No. 4, October 1997
-
Nabavi-Niaki and M.R. Iravani. 1996. Steady state and Dynamic Models of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC) for Power System Studies. IEBEIPES Winter Meeting, IEEE Trans. On Power System, vol.11, No.4, November 1996