Design Of H-Shape Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna With Slots for Wireless Communication

Design Of H-Shape Wideband Microstrip Patch Antenna With Slots for Wireless Communication

Bharatendra Singh Niboriya

M. Tech Scholar, Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Lucknow, India

Chetan Choudhary

Assistant Professor, Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Lucknow, India

Gyan Prabhakar

Assistant Professor, Saroj Institute of Technology & Management, Lucknow, India

Abstract

A wideband H-shape microstrip patch antenna is proposed in this paper. The bandwidth is further increased by a pair of slots inserted to both, left and right side of H-shape. The antenna is designed and simulated by electromagnetic field software IE3D. Results show that the designed antenna has an impedance bandwidth over 60.72% (from 4.92 GHz to

1. GHz) for VSWR<2, which is twelve times greater than the conventional rectangular patch antenna. Satisfactory radiation pattern is also obtained through simulation. The maximum gain in frequency band is 6 dBi. The return loss of -46 dB is also achieved.

   Index Terms H-shape patch, Microstrip antenna, bandwidth.

   1. Introduction

      The Microstrip antennas, for its low profile planar configuration, ease of fabrication and integration with RF devices, are being used for many applications due to key advantages over conventional antenna[1-2]. However in order to obtain a wider bandwidth, the antenna is usually enlarged. Also the practical limitations of the Microstrip antennas are low gain and low efficiency. Several techniques have been proposed to alleviate these problems recently, such as using a thicker substrate with low permittivity constant [3], parasitic patch loading on the same layer with the main patch [4], stacked multilayer patches [5], chip resistor

      loading [6,7], and modifying the geometry of patch antennas.

      In this paper, a wideband H-shape MSA is proposed. The bandwidth of the antenna is broadened by creating the slots to both left and right side of H-shape rectangular patch. The bandwidth of 60.72% is obtained at feed point (50, 48).

   2. Design Procedure

      The width and length of the Microstrip antenna are determined as follow

      Where v0 is the free-space velocity of light

      Where the dimensions of patch along its length have been extended on each end by a distance L, which is a function of the effective dielectric constant reff and the width-to-height ratio (W/h). A very popular and practical approximate relation for the normalized extension of the length is

      The actual length of the patch can now be determined by

      The various design parameters of antenna are calculated using the above standard equations [1-2-9]. In Figure 2, designed parameter of H-shape Microstrip Antenna with dual slot is shown with following dimensions:

      Length of ground plane (Lg) = 50 mm Width of ground plane (Wg) = 50 mm Length of Patch (L) = 36.33 mm Width of Patch (W) = 38 mm

      L1= 16.33 mm

      W1= 28 mm

      L2= 10 mm

      W2= 16.5 mm

      Fig 1: H-shape MSA with Slots

   3. Results and Discussions

      For the simulation of proposed antenna IE3D software have been used. In this simulation we have tried to obtain optimized performance of various antenna parameters such as return loss, gain, radiation pattern, directivity etc. The bandwidth percentage for designed antenna is 60.72%. It is very appreciable because Microstrip antennas are known for their poor bandwidth. With the proposed antenna we have achieved very appreciable percentage of bandwidth

      which could be useful for C-band wireless communication and satellite communication.

      Fig 2: Return loss Vs frequency

      From the plot it can be observed that return loss obtained at frequency 7.065 GHz is maximum which is near by -46 dB.

      The simulated result of proposed patch antenna is obtained at the resonant frequency of 4.5 GHz and 4.92 GHz. The return loss is found to be -13 dB and -46 dB for band1 and band2 respectively from the curve shown in fig. 2.

      Bandwidth for band 1 = 250 MHz & Bandwidth for band 2 = 4.29 GHz.

      Fig 3: Gain Vs frequency

      From the gain plot of antenna it is clear that maximum gain of 6 dBi is achieved by proposed antenna. The directivity curve is shown in fig. 4 which show that about 8.52 dBi is achieved by the proposed H-shape microstrip antenna.

      Fig 4: Directivity Vs frequency

      The efficiency curve for the proposed MSA is shown in fig.5. It is observed that antenna efficiency and radiation efficiency of 89% and 99% are achieved respectively.

      Fig 5: Efficiency Vs frequency

      Another very important term which effects the performance of the antenna and is related to the antenna bandwidth is VSWR. Ideally, the VSWR should be below 2. The antenna will only operate at the frequencies where the value of VSWR is less than 2. The VSWR curve of the antenna structure is shown in fig. 6.

      Smith Chart and radiation pattern for the proposed H- shape MSA is shown in fig. 7 and fig. 8 respectively. Fig.8 shows that satisfactory radiation pattern is achieved by the proposed H-shape Microstrip antenna with slots.

      Fig 6: VSWR Vs frequency

      Fig 7: Smith Chart

      Fig 8: Radiation pattern

      International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

      ISSN: 2278-0181

      Vol. 2 Issue 6, June – 2013

      Table 1. Summary of Results

      S. No.	Center Frequency	Return loss	Bandwidth
      1	4.625 GHz	-13 dB	250 MHz
      2	7.065 GHz	-46 dB	4.29 GHz

   4. Conclusion

      From the simulation analysis of the proposed antenna it can be easily observed that designed H- shape antenna can operate in two bands with bandwidth of 250 MHz and 4.29 GHz. The bandwidth of the antenna is broadened by creating two slots on left and right edge of H-shape. It is observed that a good return loss of -46 dB is also achieved. The maximum gain in C-band is 6 dBi. By varying the feed point position, different performance parameters can be optimized. The proposed MSA has achieved 89% and 99% of antenna efficiency and radiation efficiency respectively. Designed antenna can be used in different applications such as satellite communication, mobile phones, wireless communication, etc.

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