DOI : 10.17577/IJERTV2IS70765
- Open Access
- Total Downloads : 2809
- Authors : Jagadish J. S, Tejas D. Doshi
- Paper ID : IJERTV2IS70765
- Volume & Issue : Volume 02, Issue 07 (July 2013)
- Published (First Online): 22-07-2013
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
- License:
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
A Study On Bracing Systems On High Rise Steel Structures
Jagadish J. S [1], Tejas D. Doshi [2]
Abstract
1-Post Graduate Student, Department of Civil Engineering, KLE Dr. MSSCET, Belgaum,
Karnataka, India, 590008
2-Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KLE Dr. MSSCET, Belgaum,
Karnataka, India, 590008
buildings and electrical transmission towers.
2. Braced frames are easy to fabricate and
The major concern in the design of multi-storeyed steel building is to have good lateral load resisting system along with gravity load system because it also governs the design. This paper is presented to show the effect of different types of bracing systems in multi storied steel buildings. For this purpose the G+15 stories steel building models is used with same configuration and different bracing systems such as Single-Diagonal, X bracing, Double X bracing, K bracing, V bracing is used. A commercial software package STAAD.Pro V8i is used for the analysis of steel buildings and different parameters are compared. The property of the section is used as per IS 800:2007 which incorporates Limit State Design philosophy.
Keywords Single-Diagonal brace, X brace, Double X brace, K brace, V brace, Storey Drift, Displacement.
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Introduction
A steel frame can be strengthened in various types to resist lateral forces. These systems are moment resisting beam-column connections, braced frames with moment-resisting connections, braced frames with pin jointed connections and braced frames with both pin-jointed and moment-resisting connections. In steel buildings the most widely used method of constructing lateral load resisting system is braced frames. Hence, the main concern is to select the appropriate bracing model and to decide the suitable connection type. Bracing systems are used in structures in order to resist lateral forces. Diagonal structural members are inserted into the rectangular areas so that triangulation is formed. These systems help the structure to reduce the bending of columns and beams and the stiffness of the system is increased. There are lots of advantages of the bracing systems so that they are widely used. These are:
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Braced frames are applicable to all kind of structures like bridges, aircrafts, cranes,
construct. No lots of knowledge or skills are needed.
3. If the bolted connections are used, there is no deformation problem at the connections.
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Details of the Structure
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Modeling and Analysis
The main objective of the analysis is to study the different types of bracings in building. The analysis is carried out in STAAD Pro V8i software. Results of different types of bracing system for buildings are discussed below. Different types of bracing system for buildings are modeled and analyzed for gravity and wind loads. The comparison is made between the Without Bracing, Single-Diagonal brace, X Bracing, Double X Bracing, K Bracing and V Bracing.
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Assumptions
The following are the assumptions made:
The plan dimension of the building is 45mX15m and height of storey is 3m. Building is situated in Belgaum and wind speed is 33m/s.
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Group Properties
Type : Office Building
Beam : ISMB 600
Column : ISMC 400 (F to F)
Bracings : ISA200*200*12
Figure 2.1 Model of X Bracing System
Figure 2.2 Model of Double X Bracing System
Figure 2.3 Model of V Bracing System
Figure 2.4. Model of K Bracing System
Figure 2.5 Model of Single diagonal Bracing System
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-
Description for Loading
3.1. Gravity Loading: – Floor load and member weight are calculated as per general considerations as per IS 875-part1. Live load as per IS 875 part2 taken for office building, Intermediate floors is 2kN/m2 and roof is 1.5kN/m2
3.2 Wind Loading: – Static wind load is given as per IS 875-part3. Following assumptions are used for calculations.
Location : Belgaum
Wind speed : 33m/s Terrain category : 3 Class : C
K1 : 1.05
K2 : Depending upon the variation of height.
K3 : 1.0(flat topography)
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Results and Discussions
Wind analysis is carried out for different types of bracing system. After the analysis significant change in parameters such as Displacement, base shear, axial force, weight and storey drift of the structure is noticed. Permissible displacement of the displacement is 102 and all the displacements are well within permissible.
Table 4.1 Maximum Displacement (mm) for Different Types of Bracing System
Type of Bracing
Displacement(mm)
Without Bracing
62.007
Single Diagonal
56.284
X Bracing
56.594
Double X Bracing
56.753
K Bracing
57.893
V Bracing
56.884
Figure 4.1 Maximum Displacement (mm) for Different Types of Bracing System
Table 4.2 Design Base Shear (kN) for Different Types Of Bracing System
Type of Bracing
Base Shear (kN)
Without Bracing
2935.936
Single Diagonal
3149.557
X Bracing
3133.788
Double X Bracing
3221.473
K Bracing
2978.174
V Bracing
3172.35
Figure4.2 Design Base Shear (kN) for Different Types of Bracing System
Table 4.3 Maximum Axial Force (kN) for Different Types Of Bracing System
Type of Bracing
Axial Force (kN)
Without Bracing
2935.936
Single Diagonal
3000.582
X Bracing
2965.944
Double X Bracing
3055.797
K Bracing
2978.174
V Bracing
2908.036
Figure 4.3 Maximum Axial Force (kN) for Different Types of Bracing System
Table 4.4 Maximum Weight (kN) for Different Types of Bracing System
Type of Bracing
WEIGHT(KN )
Without Bracing
8894.336
Single Diagonal
8966.874
X Bracing
9039.413
Double X Bracing
8994.316
K Bracing
9024.216
V Bracing
8991.497
Figure 4.4 Maximum Weight (kN) For Different Types of Bracing System
Table 4.5 Storey Drift for Different Types of Bracing System
Figure 4.5 Storey Drift For different types of Bracing System
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Conclusions
On the basis of the present study, following conclusions are made:
Without Bracing
Single Type
X
Type
Double X Type
K
Type
V
Type
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0.4798
/td>
0.3569
0.3646
0.3661
0.3968
0.3532
3
1.0209
0.7643
0.7775
0.7867
0.8425
0.7621
4
1.5426
1.1608
1.1793
1.1882
1.2739
1.1621
5
2.041
1.5429
1.5665
1.582
1.6879
1.5482
6
2.5144
1.9087
1.9372
1.9525
2.0828
1.9183
7
2.9611
2.2565
2.2897
2.3107
2.4571
2.2706
8
3.38
2.5849
2.6225
2.6432
2.8095
2.6036
9
3.7697
2.8928
2.9345
2.9603
3.1389
2.916
10
4.1293
3.1791
3.2245
3.2497
3.4444
3.2067
11
4.4579
3.443
3.4918
3.5215
3.7251
3.4748
12
4.7546
3.6836
3.7355
3.7641
3.9803
3.7196
13
5.0189
3.9005
3.955
3.9877
4.2094
3.9404
14
5.2501
4.093
4.15
4.181
4.4119
4.1367
15
5.448
4.2609
4.3199
4.3546
4.5875
4.3084
16
5.6122
4.4039
4.4646
4.4972
4.7359
4.4551
17
5.7426
4.5219
4.5841
4.6203
4.8571
4.5769
18
5.8403
4.6154
4.679
4.712
4.9517
4.7424
Without Bracing
Single Type
X
Type
Double X Type
K
Type
V
Type
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0.4798
0.3569
0.3646
0.3661
0.3968
0.3532
3
1.0209
0.7643
0.7775
0.7867
0.8425
0.7621
4
1.5426
1.1608
1.1793
1.1882
1.2739
1.1621
5
2.041
1.5429
1.5665
1.582
1.6879
1.5482
6
2.5144
1.9087
1.9372
1.9525
2.0828
1.9183
7
2.9611
2.2565
2.2897
2.3107
2.4571
2.2706
8
3.38
2.5849
2.6225
2.6432
2.8095
2.6036
9
3.7697
2.8928
2.9345
2.9603
3.1389
2.916
10
4.1293
3.1791
3.2245
3.2497
3.4444
3.2067
11
4.4579
3.443
3.4918
3.5215
3.7251
3.4748
12
4.7546
3.6836
3.7355
3.7641
3.9803
3.7196
13
5.0189
3.9005
3.955
3.9877
4.2094
3.9404
14
5.2501
4.093
4.15
4.181
4.4119
4.1367
15
5.448
4.2609
4.3199
4.3546
4.5875
4.3084
16
5.6122
4.4039
4.4646
4.4972
4.7359
4.4551
17
5.7426
4.5219
4.5841
4.6203
4.8571
4.5769
18
5.8403
4.6154
4.679
4.712
4.9517
4.7424
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As per displacement criteria, bracings are good to reduce the displacement and in case of K and V-bracing, the displacement is higher than without bracing because of irregularity in shape of the structure.
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The reactions and weight of the structure are more in different types of bracing structures when compared to un braced structure with same configuration of the structure.
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It is also seen that as there are different bracing systems employed the displacement and storey drifts, may increase or decrease for the braced buildings with the same configurations.
-
The braced buildings of the storey drift either increases or decreases, as compared to un braced building with the same configuration for the different bracing system.
-
-
References
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Dhaval P.Advani ,Dr. R.K. Gajjar. Investigation of Efficient Bracing System As Per IS 800:2007 National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology.
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Suresh P, Panduranga Rao B, Kalyana Rama J.S. Influence of diagonal braces in RCC multi- storied frames under wind loads: A case study ] International journal of Civil and Structural Engineering Volume 3, No 1, 2012
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N Subramanian Design of steel structure based on limit state of design as per IS 800:2007.
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IS 800:2007, General construction in steel Code of Practice Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.
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IS: 875(Part-1)- 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) buildings
and structures, Part-1 Dead load, Unit weight of building materials and stored materials, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi
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IS: 875(Part-2)- 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) buildings and structures, Part-2 Imposed loads, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi
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IS: 875(Part-3)- 1987 Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other than Earthquake) buildings and structures, Part-3 Wind loads, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.