A Model for Deterministic Inventory with Deteriorating Items with Demand Dependent on Time Fractionally and Constant Holding and Cost Deterioration Rate

A Model for Deterministic Inventory with Deteriorating Items with Demand Dependent on Time Fractionally and Constant Holding and Cost Deterioration Rate

Kusum

Research Scholar, Department of Mathematics School of Applied Sciences,

Om Sterling Global University, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India

Vinod Kumar

Professor and Head, Department of Mathematics, School of Applied Sciences,

Om Sterling Global University, Hisar-125001, Haryana, India

Abstract — The paper presents an inventory model for deteriorating items where demand rate dependent on time raise to power m by n. All other parameters like deterioration rate and holding cost and ordering costs are considered as constant. Shortages are allowed and fully backlogged. This model is numerically verified with the help of numerical illustration. Maple 18 software is used to verify the model graphically.

Keywords Inventory model, Deterministic, Deterioration, Time Dependent, Shortages, Fractional Polynomial.component.

1. INTRODUCTION

   Inventory is basically a product that needs to be controlled in order to maximize profit. Inventory control includes some tasks like shipping, purchasing, packaging, tracking, and many more services. Inventory includes goods which are particularly of two types: the first type includes goods which deteriorate with time like bread and fruits etc. and the second type includes the goods which do not deteriorate with time if placed in a soothing environment like paper and cotton etc.

   Several researchers have considered the demand rate to be constant, and some considered the demand rate to be a linear or quadratic function of time. The demand rate of certain goods was found to be dependent on selling price and some dependent on time.

   B. N. Mandal and S. Phaujdhar [1] from Calcutta university constructed an inventory model for deteriorating items where they considered demand rate depends on stock. Mohit Rastogi, Prashant Kushwaha, S.R. Singh, and Shilpy Tayal

   [18] invented the inventory model with price-sensitive demand. Vinod Kumar Mishra and Lal Sahab Singh [12] developed deteriorating inventory with linear demand and constant deterioration.

   A.K. Jalan, R. R. Giri, and K. S. Chaudhuri [7] developed an EOQ model with linear demand and Weibull distribution deterioration, and Y. K. Shah [5] considered linear demand with exponential deterioration. Kuo-Lung Hou [4] constructed a model with linear demand and constant deterioration and is applied to on-hand inventory. Y. K. Shah and RAM B. MISRA [12] invented deterministic inventory with a constant demand rate, and no replacement or repairing is allowed in a given cycle. Mingbao Cheng and Guoqing

   Wang [9] constructed an inventory model for deteriorating items with trapezoidal type demand rate and constant deterioration rate.

   Chaitanya Kumar Tripathy and Umakant Mishra in [11] presented an order level inventory a system with time- dependent Weibull deterioration and ramp type demand rate where production and demand are time-dependent.

   S. K. Ghosh AND K. S. Chaudhuri [3] constructed an inventory model for deteriorating items having instantaneous supply, demand was a quadratic time-varying, and a two- parameter Weibull distribution is taken to represent the time deterioration. In 2014, S.R. Singh and Himanshu Rathore in

   [16] considered deterioration rate to be a controlled variable and demand linearly dependent on time.

   Later in 2016, Nita H. Shah with Urmila Chaudhari and Mrudul Y. Jani [17] constructed an integrated production- inventory model with preservation technology investment for the time-varying deteriorating item under time and price- sensitive demand, and Nita Shah in 2018 with Monika K. Naik constructed an EOQ model for the deteriorating item under full advance payment availing of discount when demand is price-sensitive.

   Abu Hashan Md Mashud [19] developed an EOQ deteriorating inventory model with different types of demand and fully backlogged shortages where he considered demand rate as a function of time as well as the selling price. Ajanta Roy [8] invented an inventory model for deteriorating items with price-dependent demand and time-varying holding cost.

   1. Amuth and Dr. E. Chandrasekaran [13] developed an inventory model for deteriorating products with Weibull Distribution deterioration, partial backlogging, and time- varying demand.

      In this paper, a deterministic inventory model is developed for deteriorating items which deals with a single item with demand rate as a function of time raise to power m by n and deterioration rate is constant. The holding cost is considered to be constant, and the shortages are allowed and fully backlogged.

2. FORMULATION AND SOLUTION OF MATHEMATICAL MODEL

   Assumptions and Notations:

   Notations:

   • D – Demand Rate.

   • CD – Deterioration Cost.

   • A – The ordering cost.

   • CH Holding Cost.

   • Q – Order Quantity

   • – Deterioration Rate.

   • C – Purchase Cost per unit

   • L Order Quantity

   • is the time at which the level of inventory reaches to zero

   • T – The length of a cycle time.

   • CS -Shortage cost per unit time.

   • TIC -Total inventory cost.

   • I(t) Inventory level.

   Assumptions:

   The inventory Model uses the following assumptions: –

   In the period (0,) inventory level is positive and decreasing and at time t= , the inventory level reaches to zero and shortage starts and inventory became negative in the period (,T) .The differential equation for instantaneous inventory level at time t is as follows :-

   dI (t)

   dI (t)

   m

   1 I (t) ( t n );0 t (1)

   dt

   dI (t) m

   • The demand rate is fractionally dependent on time which is of type m by n

     m

     2 ( t n ); t T dt

     where m is any natural number

     (2)

     D(t) t n and 0, 0.

     with boundary conditions

   • Holding cost per unit time is constant

     I1(t) I2 (t) 0 at t=

     H(t) = CH , where CH 0.

     I2 (t) J

     at t T

     and I1(t) E at t=0

   • The Order quantity per cycle is Q.

   • Shortages are allowed and are fully backlogged.

   • The lead time is zero.

     On solving equation (1) and neglecting higher powers of t, we get

   • The deterioration rate is

     n

     mn mn

     n

     n

     (t) , 0 1

   • Ordering cost per item is A.

   • The shortages cost per unit time is Cs

   ( t)

   m n (

   n

   • t n )

     n

     n

     m2n m2n

     • This inventory model deals with single item.

     • is the time at which inventory level reaches zero and 0.

       (2 t 2 )

       2

       2

       2

       m 2n (

       n 2

   • t n )

     m3n m3n

     • TIC is assumed to be the total inventory cost per unit time.

       I (t) (3 t3 ) ( n t n )

       1

       1

       6 2(m 3n)

     • I(t) is assumed as the inventory level.

       n

       mn m2n

     • C is assumed as the purchasing cost per unit.

       Mathematical Formulation

       (t t 2 )

       2

       m n (

       n 2

       n t t n )

       m2n m3n

       The figure 1 shows the behavior of inventory at any time. his shows the optimal order quantity Q verses time.

       (2t t3 )

       2

       m 2n (

       n t t n )

       3

       n 3

       m3n m4n

       n2

       m2n

       (3t t 4 ) (

       n t t n )

       2 n

       6 2(m 3n)

       2 (m n)(m 2n)

       2 2 mn m3n

       2n2

       m3n

       2 3

       n n 2 n

       3 n

       ( t t )

       2

       2(m n) (

       t t )

       6 (m 2n)(m 3n)

       5 2

       3n2 2

       m4n

       3

       n 3

       m2n m4n

       4 n

       (2t 2 t 4 ) (

       4 2(m 2n)

       n t 2 t n )

       12

       n2

       2(m 3n)(m 4n)

       m3n

       m3n m5n

       n

       4

       3 2 5

       n 4 2

       (m n)(m 3n)

       ( t t ) (

       n t t n )

       2 2 m4n

       12 4(m 3n)

       IHC C

       2n n

       On solving (2), we get

       (3)

       H (m 2n)(m 4n)

       2 3

       m5n

       I (t) ( t)

       n

       mn mn

       ( n t n )

       1 35 3n n

       15 2(m 3n)(m 5n)

       2 m n

       n2 2

       m4n

       (4) Now using condition

       n

       I1(t) E

       at t=0, we get

       2(m n)(m 4n)

       n2 3

       m5n

       n

       n

       mn

       n

       m2n

       (m 2n)(m 5n)

       n

       2 n

       4

       3n2 4

       m6n

       E

       m n

       2 m 2n

       6 n

       2

       n 2

       m3n

       72 4(m 3n)(m 6n)

       3 n

       (6)

       6 2(m 3n)

       Now using the condition

       I2 (t) J at t=T, we get

       Total amount of inventory shortage cost per unit time during

       n mn mn

       the period (,T) is given by:

       n

       n

       J ( T )

       m n (

       T n )

       ISC C

       T

       I (t)dt

       Now the order quantity per cycle is given by: Q = E +J

       S 2

       n

       mn

       T n

       mn mn

       n

       2

       ISC CS

       [ ( t) ( n

       t n

       )]dt

       m n

       n

       m2n

       2

       2

       m m

       n 3

       Q

       m 2n 6

       T 2

       2 2

       n 2

       m3n

       T 2 2

       n

       ( T )

       ISC C

       2(m 3n)

       S n

       mn

       n m2n

       m2n

       m m2n

       n

       mn mn

       n T T 2

   • n

     n

     n

     n

     m n (

     T n )

     (5)

     m n

     T 2

     m 2n

     2

     2n

     Now the inventory holding cost per cycle is given by:

     T 2

     2

     IHC C

     I (t)dt

     ISC C

     H 0 1

     S n

     mn

     n m2n

     (m n)

     m2n

     T

     T

     n T

     m n

     n

     m 2n

   • n

   (m 2n)

   (7)

   Now, Inventory deterioration cost per item is given by: and

   IDC CD [E

   m

   ( t n )dt]

   (TIC) 0

   (12)

   0 T

   The total minimum cost per unit time TIC (T, ) satisfy by

   m2n m3n sufficient condition

   2 n n 23 n 2 n 2

   IDC CD 2

   • m 2n

   2 3

   2m 3n

   (TIC) 0

   (13)

   (8)

   T 2

   and

   The inventory ordering cost per order during (0,) is given by:

   IOC = A (9)

   Now, the total cost per unit time for the cycle is given by:

   2 (TIC)

   2 0

   and

   (14)

   n2

   m2n

   2 (TIC)

   2 (TIC)

   2 (TIC)

   2 n 3

   T 2

   * 2

   T 0

   (15)

   2 (m n)(m 2n) 6

   2n2

   m3n

   5 2

   We get the value of by solving equation (11) and we can

   n

   4

   get the value of T by solving equation (12) and putting these

   (m 2n)(m 3n)

   3n2 2

   12

   m4n

   values in equation (10), we obtain the minimum cost per unit

   time for the values which satisfy the necessary condition (13),

   n

   (14) and (15).

   2(m 3n)(m 4n)

   n2

   m3n

3. NUMERICAL ILLUSTRATION

n

(m n)(m 3n)

Now, we consider a numerical example to examine the

optimization of the solution. We used maple 18 Mathematical

software to solve example.

1

2n2 2

m4n

To explain the model numerically, the following parameters

TIC

CH n

T

(m 2n)(m 4n)

1 3n2 3

m5n

of the inventory system are: = 14, = 10, = 12, CH = 28,

C = 15, A = 500, C =10, m=3,n=4.

35 n S D

15 2(m 3n)(m 5n)

We get the optimal shortage value by the above given

n2 2

2(m n)(m 4n)

n2 3

m4n

n

m5n

parameters by using Maple 18 , =0.2437609067 , T =

10.63600040. Finally, the total optimal cost obtained is

TIC=64702.11352.

n

(m 2n)(m 5n)

The graph is as shown in figure 2 and its three-dimensional

representation is shown in figure 3.

4

3n2 4

m6n

6 n

72 4(m 3n)(m 6n)

T 2 2

T 2 2

C

C

S

n

mn n

m2n

(m n)

n

n

m2n

1

T

m n

n T

2

T

T

m 2n

(m 2n)

m2n m3n

2 n n

23 n 2 n

A CD 2

m 2n

2 3 2 m 3n

(10)

In order to minimize the total inventory cost, we find the optimal values of T and . The optimal values of T and can be obtained by equating the partial derivatives of total inventory cost with respect to T and respectively to zero.

For optimal value of and T we have

Figure 2. shows total cost function verse

(TIC) 0

(11)

Figure 3. shows total cost function verses and T

IV. CONCLUDING REMARKS

A deterministic inventory model-based demand dependent on time raised to the power m by n, constant decline rate, and constant holding cost is built in this paper. The total optimal cost has been calculated for the values of and T, satisfying the necessary condition. The model has been tested using numerical and graphical diagrams. This model refers to the model in which demand changes fractionally over time as commodity prices increase day by day. This model is more realistic to the environment. As a result, future cities and businesses will benefit greatly from the paradigm.

REFERENCES

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2. A. Jalan and K. Chaudhuri, Structural properties of an inventory system with deterioration and trended demand, International Journal of Systems Science, vol.30, no. 6, pp. 627 633, 1999.

3. S. Ghosh and K. Chaudhuri, An order-level inventory model for a deteriorating item with Weibull distribution deterioration, time-quadratic demand and shortages, Advanced Modelling and Optimization, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 21 35, 2004.

4. K.L. Hou, An inventory model for deteriorating items with stock- dependent consumption rate and shortages under inflation and time discounting, European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 168, no. 2, pp. 463 474, 2006.

5. Y. Shah, An order-level lot-size inventory model for

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