A Review on Second Law Analysis of Diesel/Biodiesel Engine by using Different Ignition Delay Models

A Review on Second Law Analysis of Diesel/Biodiesel Engine by using Different Ignition Delay Models

N. V. Rathod Mechanical Engineering Department Government College of Engineering

Amravati, Maharashtra, India

M. M. Deshmukh Mechanical Engineering Department Government College of Engineering

Amravati, Maharashtra, India

Abstract- There are various ignition delay models to study, but all are not that much accurate to imply. A study of different ignition delay models is carried out. Also the experiments done on the second law of thermodynamics are studied. It is found out that the second law can be used to determine the direction of process, establish the condition of equilibrium, to specify the maximum possible performance of thermal systems and identify those aspects of processes that are significant to overall performance. The ignition delay models that are observed to be good are Wolfer, Arrhenius, Watson and Hardenberg and Hase.

Keywords- Ignition Delay model; Diesel Engine; Second Law Analysis

1. INTRODUCTION

   Investigations and reports that have used the second law of thermodynamics to research the combustion method in burning engines are printed for over forty years. Representative results square measure bestowed for each compression-ignition and spark-ignition engines as an instance the kind of data obtained by use of second law analysis and instant values for the engine convenience or exergy and also the overall values for energy and convenience square measure represented. The second law of thermodynamics may be a powerful statement of connected physical observations that includes a wide selection of implications with relevance engineering style and operation of thermal systems. The second law is often want to verify the direction of method, establish the condition of equilibrium, to specify the utmost attainable performance of thermal systems and determine those aspects of processes that square measure important to overall performance. Associated with the analysis supported the second law of thermodynamics is that the thought of convenience or exergy. Availability or exergy could be a physical science property of a system and its surroundings and could be of the utmost helpful work that the given system could acquire because the system is allowed to reversible transition to a physical science state that is in equilibrium with its surroundings. The advanced task of rising IC engines, that have reached the next degree of sophistication, may be achieved by combination of advanced experiments and procedure studies. Despite the quantitative uncertainties of numerical simulations, that square measure usually bigger than those of experiments square measure, the modeling of combustion engine processes has some vital blessings that create its utilization in engine development a necessity.

   During this regard, it's obvious that numerical simulations square measure particularly suited to hold out intensive constant studies, since they're simpler than the choice construction and investigation of diverse prototypes.

   Depending on the assorted attainable applications, differing kinds of models for engine combustion processes are developed. 3 totally different model classes square measure usually distinguished.

   General equation for the ignition delay is as follows:

   (1)

   Where, tsi = start of ignition, id = ignition delay period, = ignition delay at conditions pertaining at time t.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

   Aysegul Abusoglu and Mehmet Kanoglu [3] have done first and second law analysis of diesel engine powered cogeneration systems. During this article, the thermo dynamical analysis of the prevailing internal-combustion engine cogeneration system is performed. The exergy analysis is aimed to gauge the exergy destruction in every element still because the exergetic efficiencies. They explicit that such info is often utilized in the look of the new energy economical systems and for increasing the potency of existing systems. This elaborate analysis offer a robust and systematic tool for characteristic all value sources and for optimizing the look of internal-combustion engine steam- powered cogeneration systems.

   D.B. Lata and Ashok Misra [4] have done analysis of ignition delay period of a dual fuel diesel engine with hydrogen and LPG as secondary fuels. The experiments were performed to live ignition delay amount at completely different load conditions and varied diesel substitutions. The experimental results are compared with ignition delay correlation ordered down by alternative researchers for diesel and twin fuel internal-combustion engine. It's determined that the ignition delay of twin fuel engine depends not solely on the sort of gassy fuels and their concentrations however conjointly on charge temperature, pressure and gas concentration.

   C.D. Rakopoulos and E.G. Giakoumis [1] have done second-law analyses applied to internal combustion engines operation. This paper surveys the publications out there within the literature regarding the appliance of the second-

   law of physics to burning engines. The provision (exergy) balance equations of the engine cylinder and subsystems area unit reviewed intimately providing conjointly relations regarding the definition of state properties, chemical availability, flow and fuel availability, and dead state. an in depth reference is created to the findings of assorted researchers within the field over the last forty years regarding all kinds of burning engines, i.e. spark ignition, compression ignition (direct or indirect injection), turbocharged or naturally aspirated, throughout steady-state and transient operation. Main variations between the results of second- and first-law analyses area unit highlighted and mentioned.

   Fadila Maroteaux and Charbel Saad [5] have done diesel engine combustion modeling for hardware in the loop applications: Effects of ignition delay time model. This paper deals with the event of a phenomenological combustion single zone model of diesel motor. The Wiebe correlation has been accustomed model every pure mathematics expression of the combustion sub-model. An intensive identification analysis has been performed to precise their dependence with relevance engine operational conditions. The accuracy of the model in predicting the in cylinder pressure has been tested over an outsized set of measurements at totally different engine operational conditions. The comparison of in-cylinder pressure profiles with experimental traces has shown that the chemist expression is a smaller amount correct than the straightforward correlation.

   Maro JELI and Neven Nini [2] have done analysis of internal combustion engine thermodynamic using the second law of thermodynamics. They conferred within their paper the analysis work done by numerous authors who have done analysis in the application of the second law of availability in associate analysis of the inner combustion engine and in analysis of the availability of the combustion method in an engine cylinder in spark and compression-ignition engines. They additional expressed that by applying the numerical simulations in modeling the IC engine processes alongside the analysis by the second law of availability, we have a tendency to get a awfully potent tool for higher insight and improvement of spark- and compression-ignition engines achieving lower fuel consumption and lower emissions.

   Sandeep Gowdagiri, Weijing Wang and Matthew A. Oehlschlaeger [9] have done a shock tube ignition delay study of conventional diesel fuel and hydro processed renewable diesel fuel from algal oi. The mixture of this diesel ignition measurements with previous studies for jet fuel ignition illustrate common characteristics for the gas phase ignition of those high mass mostly-aliphatic fuels, notably common high-temperature ignition characteristics and low-temperature reactivity that correlates with derived cetane range (DCN). These characteristics give formulation of an easy three-Arrhenius model for ignition delay time that comes with DCN practicality to explain variability in fuel reactivity.

   H. An, W.M. Yang and J. Li [14] have done numerical modeling on a diesel engine fueled by biodieselmethanol blends. A modeling study was conducted to analyze the impact of wood alcohol addition on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel burning by biodiesel. Smart agreements in terms of ignition delay,

   cylinder pressure and warmth unharness rate predictions were obtained. The simulation results disclosed that with partial replacement of biodiesel by wood alcohol, tangible improvement on the cylinder pressure was discovered below 100 percent load condition particularly for the case with five- hitter wood alcohol mix magnitude relation. Whereas, below five hundredth and 100 percent engine load conditions, solely comparable cylinder pressure curves were seen. In terms of performance characteristics, nearly linearly enhanced indicated thermal potency with relation to wood alcohol mix magnitude relation were discovered below all the engine load conditions.

   Ka In Wong, Pak Kin Wong, Chun Shun Cheung and Chi Man Vong [8] have done modeling and optimization of biodiesel engine performance using advanced machine learning methods. This study aims to see best biodiesel magnitude relation which will accomplish the goals of fewer emissions; affordable fuel economy and wide engine in operation vary. A case study is conferred to verify the modeling and improvement framework. Moreover, two comparisons square measure conducted, wherever one is among the modeling techniques and also the alternative is among the improvement techniques. Experimental results show that, in terms of the model accuracy and coaching time, ELM with the index transformation is best than LS-SVM and RBFNN with/without the index transformation.

   W. M. Ambrós [13] have done experimental analysis and modeling of internal combustion engine operating with wet ethanol. A promising various is that the use of alcohol fuel with high fractions of water (above five-hitter by volume), the alleged wet alcohol, which might cut back the energy price of production throughout the distillation. Thus, this study proposes the event of a mathematical model that, beside experimental information, is in a position to predict the result that the utilization of wet alcohol has on the performance of burning engines. The model was ready to with success simulate the gradients of pressure and temperature within the cylinder and it showed sensible ability to predict engine performance supported the variations of power, torque, conversion potency, and specific fuel consumption. For all tests, the relative error was under thirteen. The gradual increase of specific fuel consumption was related to the increasing water content. Among the fuels tested, E70W30 showed the most effective performance, followed by the E80W20 blend; each were additional economical than the business alcohol.

   Timothy Bodisco, Samantha Low Choy, Assaad Masri and Richard J. Brown [12] have done a statistical model for combustion resonance from a DI diesel engine with applications. Introduced during this paper may be a Bayesian model for uninflected the resonant frequency from combustion chamber resonance. The model shown during this paper targeted on characterizing the initial rise within the resonant frequency to analyze the increase of in-cylinder bulk temperature related to combustion. By resolution the model parameters, it's attainable to determine: the beginning of pre- mixed combustion, the beginning of diffusion combustion, the initial resonant frequency, the resonant frequency as an operate of crank angle, the in-cylinder bulk temperature as a operate of crank angle and also the cornered mass as a

   operate of crank angle. The model used during this paper targeted on capturing the increase within the resonant frequency related to the rise in in-cylinder temperature from combustion. It's additionally been incontestable that data of the resonant frequency permits more investigation into the in- cylinder bulk temperature and cornered mass as an operate of your time.

   Francesco Baldi, Gerasimos Theotokatos and Karin Andersson [11] have done development of a combined mean valuezero dimensional model and application for a large marine four-stroke diesel engine simulation. During this article, a combined mean valuezero dimensional models is developed employing a standard approach within the procedure setting of Matlab/Simulink. Consistent with that, solely the closed cycle of 1 engine cylinder is modeled by following the zero-dimensional approach, wherever as the cylinder open cycle in addition because the alternative engine parts are modeled consistent with the norm idea. The planned model combines the benefits of the norm and zero- dimensional models providing the calculation of engine performance parameters as well as the in-cylinder ones in comparatively short execution time and so, it will be utilized in cases wherever the norm model exceeds its limitations. The results were valid against on the market engine performance parameters measured throughout engine look trials and to boot, they were compared with results obtained by employing a norm engine model. Then, the model was wont to simulate variety of engine in operation points and also the results were used for generating the brake specific fuel consumption map within the whole engine in operation envelope.

   Andri Andriyana, Mei Sze Loo, Gregory Chagnon, Erwan Verron and Shiau Ying Chng [10] have done modeling the mullins effect in elastomers swollen by palm biodiesel. Within the gift paper, experimental investigation and time mechanical modeling of Mullins result in swollen elastomers, thanks to exposure to palm biodiesel, underneath cyclic loading conditions area unit addressed. The potency of the 2 extended models area unit assessed and views for any development area unit drawn the mechanical response of dry and swollen rubbers were addressed . a lot of exactly, the main target was arranged on the Mullins result classically ascertained in rubber underneath cyclic loading conditions. it had been found that Mullins result is smaller within the case of swollen rubber. Supported the experimental investigations, easy phenomenological extensions of classical models for Mullins result were planned. 2 models were considered: time injury Mechanics (CDM) model and Pseudo-Elastic (PE) model. Results showed that each models capture the overall options of Mullins result in dry and swollen rubbers. Thanks to the character of the model, the extended-PE model seems to convey a lot of satisfactory prediction than the extended- CDM model.

3. THE CORRELATIONS USED BY VARIOUS RESEARCHERS

   m

   m

   For diesel fuels a reasonable estimate of the delay, ID is achieved by Wolfer, [3]

   Where, Tm and Pm are the mean temperature and pressure of the ambient during ignition delay.

   The Arrhenius type of equation is used to describe ignition delay [7]

   id = a.-k.P-n.exp[Ea/(Ru.Tcyl)] (3) Where, id = Ignition delay,

   = Equivalence ratio, Ea = Activation energy,

   Tcyl =Cylinder charge temperature, Ru = Gas constant,

   a ,k and n = Empirical constants

   The Watson model is given by [10]

   tid = A(BP)-N.Psoc-B.exp[E/(Ru.Tsoc)] (4) The constants A, N and B are adjustable.

   The correlation developed by Hardenberg and Hase is given by, [13]

   id (A) = (0.36 + 0.22Sp.exp [EA.(1/R.T-1/17190).(21.2/(P-

   12.4))0.63] (5)

   Where, Sp = piston speed (m/s), R = Universal gas constant (8.3143 J/mol), EA = Apparent activation enery

   EA = 618840/(CN+25) (6)

   Where, CN = Cetane number

4. CONCLUSION

To study the researchers work with different ignition delay models, the review work is carried out. Also the experimentations carried out by second law of thermodynamics are also studied.

Most of the researchers justified the use of second law of thermodynamics to the engine analysis. They called it a very potent tool to for better insight and optimization of diesel engine. The ignition delay models of Wolfer, Arrhenius, Watson and Hardenberg and Hase are found to be most effective.

REFERENCES

1. C.D. Rakopoulos and E.G. Giakoumis, Second-law analyses applied to internal combustion engines operation, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 32, pp. 247, 2006

2. Maro JELI and Neven Nini, Analysis of internal combustion engine thermodynamic using the second law of thermodynamics, ISSN 0562- 1887, Strojarstvo 50 (2), pp. 85-94, 2008

3. Aysegul Abusoglu and Mehmet Kanoglu, First and second law analysis of diesel engine powered cogeneration systems, Energy Conversion and Management 49, pp. 20262031, 2008

4. D.B. Lata and Ashok Misra, Analysis of ignition delay period of a dual fuel diesel engine with hydrogen and LPG as secondary fuels,

   International journal of hydrogen energy 36, pp. 3746-3756, 2011

5. Fadila Maroteaux and Charbel Saad, Diesel engine combustion modeling for hardware in the loop applications: Effects of ignition delay time model, Energy 57, pp. 641-652, 2013

6. John B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine Operation, McGraw-

   Hill, 2007

7. P. A. Lakshminarayanan and Yogesh V. Aghav, Modelling Diesel Engine, 2007

8. Ka In Wong, Pak Kin Wong, Chun Shun Cheung and Chi Man Vong, Modeling and optimization of biodiesel engine performance using advanced machine learning methods, Energy, pp. 1-10, 2013

9. Sandeep Gowdagiri, Weijing Wang and Matthew A. Oehlschlaeger, A shock tube ignition delay study of conventional diesel fuel and hydroprocessed renewable diesel fuel from algal oil, Fuel 128, pp. 21 29, 2014

10. Andri Andriyana, Mei Sze Loo, Gregory Chagnon, Erwan Verron and Shiau Ying Chng, Modeling the mullins effect in elastomers swollen

    ID = 3.45 exp(2100/Tm)*P

    -1.02 (2)

    by palm biodiesel, International Journal of Engineering Science 95, pp. 122, 2015

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12. Timothy Bodisco, Samantha Low Choy, Assaad Masri and Richard J. Brown, A statistical model for combustion resonance from a DI diesel engine with applications, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 60-61, pp. 406419, 2015

13. W. M. Ambrós, Experimental analysis and modeling of internal combustion engine operating with wet ethanol, Fuel 158, pp. 270278, 2015

14. H. An, W.M. Yang and J. Li, Numerical modeling on a diesel engine fueled by biodieselmethanol blends, Energy Conversion and Management 93, pp. 100108, 2015