A Survey: Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality in Education

A Survey: Virtual, Augmented and Mixed Reality in Education

Sumit Patel

Surat, Gujarat

Binal Panchotiya

Surendranagar, Gujarat

Akashkumar Patel

Department of Information Technology Devang Patel Institute of Advance, Technology and Research-(DEPSTAR), Faculty of Technology (FTE),

Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Gujarat

Aishwariya Budharani

Devang Patel Institute of Advance, Technology and Research-(DEPSTAR), Faculty of Technology (FTE),

Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Gujarat

Shivam Ribadiya

Devang Patel Institute of Advance, Technology and Research-(DEPSTAR),

Faculty of Technology (FTE), Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa, Gujarat

Abstract In the upcoming era of technology Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality are not new eye catching technology but still it has some limitations to put a stop for actual enactment. It is true that the progress of new technologies has made it more beneficial to afford the hardware and software made available AR, VR and MR in the number of domains including education. The nature of technologies provides a number of opportunities. It may help from traditional allocation of separate lessons to take care of pastoral responsibility to learning concepts. These technologies fulfill the needs of learners in the technological century. It reinvents the door of education and makes the education field interactive using appropriate virtual settings. This discussion of this works includes the reinvention of education using AR, VR and MR technologies. Its modified way of education fills the needs of practical lessons.

Keywords Augmented Reality, Education, Mixed Reality, Virtual Reality.

1. INTRODUCTION

   Nowadays, Virtual reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) are often presented as a kind of futuristic technologies and come up with the integration of computer software, hardware and virtual world technology. These technologies are not actually fresh concepts. It has been around for years, however still having mystery for many people. Virtual reality first introduced in mid-1980 by Jaron Lanier [1]. Virtual reality provides a simulated digital environment that is an absolute replacement of the actual real world using sensory equipment and computers such as gloves and handsets [2]. VR virtual reality forms the immediate after real time communication between design virtual world and people [3]. These dynamic environments show the real world and make reactions according to the peoples form. Therefore, since a few years technology has changed drastically and takes up more attention from companies and researchers. Interestingly, AR is an addition of virtual reality [4]. AR overlaying digital content on the environment around you by assigning virtual objects in the real world. Virtual objects may be in different forms: images, videos or other interactive data [5]. Augmented reality discovered by David Mizell and Thomas Caudell in 1990 [6].

   An AR technique ought: (1) Merge virtual and real objects in a real environment; (2) execute interactively in real-time; (3) register virtual and real objects with each one [7][8][9]. The difference between AR and VR is that the VR era makes an environment in which the individual feels and appears to be shifting through simulated experiences generated by computers in the comparably way as individuals move through a native environment. Though immersed within the virtual global world, the individual can't distinguish the actual world that still surrounds them. On other hand, AR permits. The people to watch and gain experience of the physical world, augmenting it with superimposed intently virtual objects. In different words, while VR replaces fact, AR supplements it, forming an environment in which real and virtual objects coexist in harmony [10]. Mixed Reality (MR) combines the digital world with the physical world where both can interact and exist together [11]. It is also known as Hybrid Reality. MR was originally invented in 1994 by Fumio Kishino and Paul Milgram [12]. Mixed reality is the subsequent advancement in computer, surroundings interaction and explores possibilities previously restricted to our imaginations [13]. Moving around the virtual objects may even give you different perspectives and angles too. In contrast, MR would permit a person to interact with virtual objects and manipulate them as if they were at the same location as them. In other words, MR gives a feel like one hand or foot of a user in an imaginary place and another in the real global world [14]. The difference between VR, AR and MR is shown in figure 1 [15]. An umbrella term that includes an assortment of technologies that enhance or intensify our senses is called Extended Reality (XR) [16]. XR provides a number of information by virtual worlds through creating a totally unreal illusory environment for us to take a drive directly to the real world experience [17].

   Figure 1 Difference Between VR, AR and MR [15]

   XR is a field that unification of phenomenal elements that cover AR, VR, and MR to provide new vision to learn new language in technocrats of the global village [18]. Extended reality is a new sensation technology along with VR, AR, and MR. Extended reality is a new sensation technology along with VR, AR, and MR shown in figure 2 [19].

   Figure 2 Extended Reality Diagram [19]

   The real life application of VR, AR, and MR: The wide range applications of virtual reality are education [20], marketing [21], real estate [22], Agriculture science [23], etc. Augmented reality accepted by many fields are aeronautical maintenance [24], navigation [25], games [26], education [27], etc. The mixed reality used in many applications like medical and health-care [28], education and entertainment [29], etc.

2. HOW PEOPLE CAN BRING VR, AR AND MR EXPERIENCES TO LIFE?

   1. Virtual Reality

      In virtual reality individuals get an experience of artificial sightseeing with sound and feel the manmade digital world.

      The computer generated world opening your eyes by imagination and interesting provides a way to see a computer- generated or computer simulated world all around you. In this environment interaction is made easy [29]. Hence, you can easily make a move in this computerized world and interaction. These are the reasons virtual reality makes more likes.

      There are two types of headsets used to immerse individuals in VS. Virtual Reality headsets: (1) PC-connected headsets and (2) Standalone headset [30]

      • PC-connected headsets

        As their name PC-connected headsets recommends, these VR headsets are connected to a gaming platform or other computer that gives high definition resolution virtual simulated experiences. The operational power of processing modern technology computers is speedy. Hence, they can generate persuasive digital and realistic worlds. VR headsets handle with special controllers. In this situation, Individuals can actually directly interact with the computer generated virtual environment theyre plunged into. It may be expected

        that personal computers – connected headsets – give better involving VR experiences. The most well liked PC – connected VR headsets are Samsung Odyssey+, Oculus Quest, HTC Vive, and PlayStation VR [31].

      • Standalone headsets

      Another type of virtual reality is Standalone headsets. In a market computer connected VR headsets are quite more expensive to individuals. Due to that reason comparatively less number of people are able to drop cas in the tech savvy world to take home. So, the solution of high cost handsets is a different way to get benefits of VR using standalone headsets. It does not need any types of connection to any console or computer machine. The majority of standalone Virtual Reality headsets access a Smartphone to give the benefits of VR experience to individuals. That equipments are quite cost-effective, as individuals can simply put their smartphone in a standalone headset device to take advantage of VR in any field of technology. The given devices work exactly in this way such as Oculus Quest VR [32], Lenovo mirage solo [33], Google Daydream [34], Google Cardboard [35], and Samsung Gear VR [36], etc.

   2. Augmented Reality

      There are two such ways to bring AR experience to individual life. With AR, users bring experiences to life using

      (1) Smart glasses and AR headsets [37] and (2) portable devices [38].

      • Smart glasses and AR headsets

        First way to form AR experiences is to practice AR headsets or smart glasses. As opposed to VR handsets, these headsets and glasses dont drench clients into a completely designed virtual simulated environment however, fair include computerized objects to the genuine world. For instance, using glass, virtual information is anticipated right before the users eyes.

      • portable devices

      The second one is a portable device. As individuals can utilize their tablets or smartphones to run AR applications, AR is the foremost open reality innovation. After capturing the real world images through phone cameras in virtual objects, AR apps overlaid. Furthermore, people can see the changes on their own Smart device. For example, Pokémon Go. Billions of people play this game and follow the virtual Pokemon to catch, which can display on their smartphones Screens.

   3. Mixed reality

   Now, which devices are required for MR Experience to life? The main two devices are Holographic Devices and Immersive Devices.

   • Holographic Devices

     The translucent glasses take place in holographic headsets which permits the user to see and feels the surroundings. Hologram creates virtual experiences. For example, Microsoft launched Microsoft HoloLens in 2016. Hololens head – mounted see-through display device is able to carry out a spatial mapping and can display 3D holograms precisely in specific environments [39].

   • Immersive devices

   Immersive devices provide non-translucent displays which block the real world completely. These devices use cameras for tracking. For example, Acer [40] and HP [41] provides Windows mixed reality headsets.

3. HOW VIRTUAL REALITY, AUGMENTED REALITY AND MIXED REALITY ADOPTED BY

   EDUCATION?

   In the curriculum of education, students are facing a dilemma with the necessity of abstract thinking approach, concepts and understanding due to the complexity [42]. The courses of education generally refer to the procedure of easy learning to acquire information and achieve optimistic principles by skills [43].

   1. Virtual Reality in Education

      The number of educational corners around the globe has begun to establish modern and powerful innovative tools built on technologies. It fulfills the necessity of manifold the number of students. From the decades, professional development is taking place with virtual reality (VR) from purview gaming. In the science courses, many students face the difficulty to understand the issues due to its uncertain technical error, significance of abstract thinking and those perceptions are not completely tactile present by Yager[44] and Zheng et. al [45].

      Virtual reality is a great tool in supporting learning as well as facilitating teaching processes. Numerous literature and reports reported that maximum learners recalled the things which were seen during learning via virtual reality. These manuscripts determined that VR is better convenient and creates striking situations apart from laboratory or workshop related Practical sessions [46] [47] [48].

      Virtual reality technologies offer educators the opportunity to handle pastoral responsibilities within the learning context apart from traditionally allocating separate lessons to accomplish specific requirements. In the field process of education, the classroom or the laboratory are more virtual platforms to simulate according to their needs. However, according to Charistou and C., This paper offers a harmless atmosphere to evaluate cases that would be too dangerous, hard to handle and execute in day-to-day life scenarios [49]. In reality, teachers also address the demands of new technology today in the tech-savvy world and expensive tools used in chemical reagents, robotics, medical materials and electronic components etc. For the results it replicates information in the form of 3D model with the appropriate physical properties of the system and conveyed to VR tools. Resultant into developing countries and communities around the globe by implementing difficult tasks [50]. The feature of VR plays a vital role in prepare students for the actual environment, while providing a means of making early in- design decisions profitably [51]. The main purpose of this technology to motivate and engage young students, by engaging in planning issues in current knowledge. A more innovative approach was given by Hurtdo et. al [52], in which designed VR tools for robotics training and education. In

      addition to, the application has a built in physics engine followed by detailed instructions and haptic feedback interaction takes place. To ease the process of creating VR musical skills for alternative ways proposed by Serafin et al.

      [53] hand gesture and other manual input devices. Students join the VR class in between PowerPoint screens behind them.

   2. Augmented Reality in Education

      Also, augmented reality is widely used in preschool education, childhood education, Secondary education and higher education. For a few decades, AR applications were positively adopted for development and learning in preschool education. Augmented creativity or AR as an imaginative technology for kids is a term introduced by [54]. The survey of Some research findings and state of the art method described here. Mohd Khalid Mokhtar et al. presented mobile based augmented reality for preschool learning [55]. The aim of this work is to increase attention and interest of kids to express and practice their own innovative abilities. For kids, it also offers coloring books with AR. Many other coloring books, such as Hunted book is the prime example of well integrated AR content in book [56]. Several coloring book products are established, for instance Feng et.al. proposed a computerized 2D to 3D cartoon interactive model to build various complex AR scenes [57]. Magic book is the prominent example of augmented reality for interactive book for the kids [58]. R. M. Yilmaz et. al. demonstrates the effective educational tools to expand preschool kids listening and cognition skills [59]. Aguirregoitia Martínez et al promoted AR as an applicable technique for childhood learning. The main goal is to familiarize numbers, encourage the exploration of rich vocabulary and initiate reading in English as a second language. Furthermore, it may be enhancing the feeling of self- competence when a child gets a verification comment after each brief movement [60]. Arjun Bhadra et.al. presented ABCD 3D bimodal (scanning mode and vehicle mode) game based on AR to develop the awareness of print-based literacy in preschool-aged children [61]. Wu. et. al., discussed the analysis of AR research findings [62] that AR holds educationally convenient affordness in particular the ability to display 3D information and experience lessons within a situated sense. Barbara Schiavi et al invented an experimental protocol based on AR application for secondary education in history lesson. The aim of this work is to get input using AR to enhance secondary school student academics when convenional Documents absolutely not given sufficient effectiveness in terms of its ability to comprehend complex concepts. That helps to construct a 3D visual model based on a 2D image of an archeological site [63]. Orhan Yaman et.al proposed a software module based on image processing combined with augmented reality. Furthermore, users can optionally switch on the image processing module and observe the variations in image in real time [64]. In software engineering courses, Rebecca Reuter et.al. described identification of learning obstacles to provides all holistic information from both learners and teachers points of view [65]. D. Paredes-Velasteguí et.al. Invented learning- teaching activities based on experimentation and implementation of augmented reality application as a reinforcement tool. In these manuscripts the output was compared with the control group

      after the augmented method is applied to the experimental group [66]. Mesut Alptekin et. al. proposed augmented reality based application to build and extend functional capabilities in dealing with electro-technical laboratory components as well as equipment [67]. Asim Majeed et. al. proposed a framework by using Internet-of- Things (IoT) technology with augmented reality and cloud computing for university smart campus. Moreover, intra-communication is taking place through cloud computing, wearable technologies are assembling information with augmented reality and Several objects are joined with sensors [68]. Augmented reality is useful for collaborative learning. Chen [69] invented an AR based learning environment to illustrate the significance of peer interaction to promote chemistry learning for students.

      Wagner, Schmalstieg, and Billinghurst [70] implemented a handheld game named virtuoso based on collaborative education in 2006.

   3. Mixed Reality in Education:

      Mixed reality similarly becomes a broadly popular practice in context of learning and education [71]. Earlier research findings indicate that mixed reality systems permits learners to more actively control their learning strategies [72]. M. V. Pridhvi Krishna proposed education and production training applications using mixed reality gadgets with depicts and condense trials in a smart computing system [73].

4. CONCLUSION

   This manuscript defines the overview of virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality and how people are able to experience these technologies using devices. In addition, it also defines important development in the education field. In brief, VR is a completely computer-generated situation. AR is an actual environment surrounded by simulated objects. MR is an actual environment plus simulated objects with which you can communicate. Furthermore, Major players in VR includes PlayStation VR, HTC Vive, and Oculus Rift, AR includes AR headphones and smart glasses and MR includes Holographic Devices such as Hololens and Immersive Devices. Additionally, for decades education system has been developed from preschool education to higher education. It has also been adjusting to the students current technologies and needs. Here, define some research findings and state-of-the art approaches adopted by education. Finally, we can say that VR, AR and MR delivers excellent simulation which cannot be accessed in conventional classrooms. This is representative of the environment in which young generations are relaxed with experiences.

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