An Experimental Study on using of Waste Marble Water as Partial Replacement of Portable Water in Concrete

An Experimental Study on using of Waste Marble Water as Partial Replacement of Portable Water in Concrete

Pratik V. Shah(1) , Rushit Vaghasiya, Saumil Savaliya, Vishal Nolkha(2)

(1) Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, R.N.G.P.I.T. College, Gujarat, India

(2) Students, Dept. of Civil Engineering, R.N.G.P.I.T. College, Gujarat, India.

Abstract Portable Water is the main ingredient in making of concrete. Without PW making of concrete is not possible. As there are crisis of water in the world. We need to find out the second alternative of PW for making in concrete. In these research we have study about the use of waste marble water in making of concrete. The concrete was mixed design for M 25 grade of concrete with moderate exposure condition. The PW was replaced with WMW at an interval of 25%, that is 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% & 100%. The cube and cylinder were casted of standard sizes and they were tested at 7 days & 28 days after curing. The result shows that as we replace the PW with WMW by and interval the strength increases but when we replace the PW with WMW by 50 % we get the maximum Compressive and tensile strength. The % increase in the strength at 50 % replacement is.

Key Words: Waste Marble Water, Portable water, compressive strength, tensile strength, M -25 grade of concrete.

Abbreviations:

CA = Coarse Aggregate

CTM = Compression Testing Machine FA = Fine Aggregate

PW = Portable Water WMW = Waste Marble Water

1.0 INTRODUCTION

As India is an undeveloped country for developing itself it requires a good infrastructure and for that concrete is in high demand. And for the production of concrete cement & water are main ingredients other than sand & coarse aggregate. Approximately around 150 liter of water is required per m3 production of concrete. And as we all know only 3 % water is available for drinking and out of that also only 1 % is available as ground source. Generally in construction the water is directly bored from the ground or taken from the government bodies. Because of this reason there is a decrease in the ground water level in India. Due to which there is scarcity of portable water, and many construction work have been stopped. We need to find the other alternative of PW as these resources are getting reduce day by day.

The other researchers have study about using the primary treated waste water, secondary treated waste water, but no one has study about the effect of waste marble water on concrete. As in marble industry water is a main source for cutting the marble in to desired shape. The waste water is directly drained.

This study aims on using the WMW as a partial replacement of PW in making of concrete. And the partial replacement are done at an interval of 25%, that is PW will be replaced by 0%, 25%, 50%, 100% of WMW.

2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW:

E.W. Gadzama,(1) Effects of Sugar Factory Wastewater as Mixing Water on the Properties of Normal Strength Concrete. The concrete mix of 25 MPa with proportion 1 : 2

: 4 with w/c ratio of 0.56. The PW was replaced with sugar waste water in 0%, 75%, 100%. In the paper they have replace the PW as total or partial replacement of mixing water in concrete as well as for curing it. After reading we can conclude that target strength as 28 days was ranged between 83% to 91% but if we extend the curing duration to

90 days the concrete cubes produce more strength than targeted strength.

3.0 METHODOLOGY

Collection of materials like cement, sand, aggregate, water & waste water.

Basic material property testing. Concrete Mix design M – 25 grade. Casting and curing of specimen.

Testing on concrete on 7th day and 28th day for various properties.

Results.

Figure 1: Flow chart of Methodology

4.0 EXPERIMENTAL WORK:

Cement: it is used for binding the concrete. We have used PPC of 53 grade.

Coarse Aggregate: Coarse aggregate passing through sieve of size 20mm and retained on 12.5 mm were used. The specific gravity was 2.83 and water absorption was 2.47% Fine Aggregate: Fine aggregate was found to be from zone

1. The specific gravity was 2.68 and water absorption was

   2.21 %.

   Portable Water: PW was collected directly from the tap which was used for drinking purpose. The table – 1 shows the chemical property of PW used in construction.

   Waste Marble Water: WMW samples were collected from marble cutting and polished factory in Bardoli region. The table – 1 shows the chemical property of WMW with the permissible of IS : 456 -2000.

   Table 1 : Chemical Properties of Waters

   TEST	PW	WMW	Permissible Limit As Per IS : 456-2000
   -pH	6.6	8.6	> 6
   CHLORIDE (mg/l)	100	119	2000
   SHULPHATE (mg/l)	250	70.34	400
   SUSPENDE MATTER (mg/l)	10	932	2000
   SUSPENDE MATTER (mg/l)	10	932	2000

   Mix Design of concrete: The nominal mix design of concrete was done according to the IS : 10262 2019, and concrete specimen was designed for a grade M25. Table – 2 shows the mix proportion of concrete. There is partial replacement of PW with the WMW.

   Table 2 : Mix Proportions of Concrete

   Mix (%)	Cement (kg/m³)	WMW (kg/m³)	PW (kg/m³)	FA (kg/m³)	CA (kg/m³)
   0	438	0	197	580	1156
   25	438	49	148	580	1156
   50	438	99	99	580	1156
   75	438	148	49	580	1156
   100	438	197	0	580	1156

   Preparation of Specimen: Cubes and cylinder were casted as per above mentioned concrete mix. Totally 40 cubes and 30 cylinders were casted for these project work. Following table indicates number of cubes and cylinder were casted.

   Table 3 : No. of Cube & Cylinder for curing

   PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF PW	CURING PERIOD (DAYS)
   	CUBE		CYLINDER
   	7	28	7	28
   0 %	4	4	3	3
   25 % WMW	4	4	3	3
   50 % WMW	4	4	3	3
   75 % WMW	4	4	3	3
   100 % WMW	4	4	3	3

   Curing: IS : 516 guidelines were followed for the compacting and curing of concrete specimen.

   5.0 TESTS & RESULTS

   Copressive Strength Test: IS : 516 was followed for the test. CTM used for testing was servo controlled and 3000 kN capacity. The casted cube were of standard size of 150 mm * 150 mm* 150 mm. Result are shown in fig. 2 for 7 days and fig. 3 for 28 days.

   Split Tensile Test: IS : 516 was followed for the test. CTM used for testing was servo controlled and 3000 kN capacity. The casted cylinder were of standard size of 150 mm dia. 300 mm height. Result are shown in fig. 4 for 7 days and fig. 5 for 28 days.

   Slump Cone Test: IS : 1199 was followed for the test. A cone is used for determining the workability of concrete. Results are displayed in table.

   Ultra Pulse Velocity Test: IS : 13311 (Part 1) was followed for the test. These test was done to find the quality of concrete. After performing the test we have found out that the quality of concrete has come good and UPV was ranging from 3.77 to 4.18 km/sec.

   Table 4: Slump Value

   Design Mix	Slump Value
   0%	100
   25% WMW	100
   50% WMW	100
   100% WMW	95

   25

   20

   N/mm²

   N/mm²

   15

   10

   5

   		0%	25%	50%	75%	100%
   	PW	19.01	17.17	20.52	17.92	21.54

   		0%	25%	50%	75%	100%
   	PW	19.01	17.17	20.52	17.92	21.54

   0

   % Replacement of water

   Figure 2: Compressive strength of Cube (7 Days)

   6.0 DICUSSIONS & CONCLUSIONS:

   From the test performed, we can clearly say that WMW can be used in the construction work. As the chemical analysis was with in the permissible limit as per IS : 456 2000. And it can also be used for curing purpose. The partial replacement of PW shows increase in compressive strength as well as the split tensile strength.

   When we are replacing the PW by 25%, 75% and 100% there is reduction in the split tensile strength ranging from 14.96%, 6.20% and 6.93% respectively. 100% replacement is possible as there is negligible reduction in the tensile strength of concrete.

   40

   30

   N/mm²

   N/mm²

   20

   10

   0

   0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

   PW 28.55 29.78 32.44 27.40 31.46

   % Replacement of water

   Figure 3: Compressive strength of Cube (28 Days)

   2.5 3.5

   2

   N/mm²

   N/mm²

   1.5

   1

   0.5

   	0	0%	25%	50%	75%	100%
   	PW	1.94	1.74	2.05	1.58	1.89

   % Replacement of water

   Figure 4: Split tensile strength of cylinder (7 Days)

   • The consistency, initial and final setting time was found to be within the permissible limit as per IS code.

   • When PW is replaced by 50% of WMW, there is increase in the compressive strength by 13.63% and in tensile strength by 8.03%.

   • When the PW is replaced by 100% of WMW, there is increase in the compressive strength by 10.19% but there is decrease in the tensile strength by 6.93%.

   • We can use the WMW as a partial replacement of PW.

   • Workability of concrete was good.

   • The quality of concrete with partial replacement of PW was also found good.

   • Concrete cost can be reduced by using the WMW in construction.

   • The amount of water saved when we are replacing PW with 50% and 100% per m3 production of M25 grade of concrete 99 and 197 liters.

3

2.5

N/mm²

N/mm²

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

% Replacement of water

Figure 5: Split tensile strength of cylinder (28 Days)

REFERENCES

1. E.W. Gadzama, O. J. Ekele, V. E. Anametemfiok and A. U. Abubakar (2015), Effects of Sugar Factory Wastewater as Mixing Water on the Properties of Normal Strength Concrete

2. IS: 10262-2009 (RA-2019), Concrete Mix Proportioning Guidelines

Aggregates for Concrete

1. IS: 4031-1988 (RA-2014), Methods of Physical Tests for Hydraulic Cement

2. IS: 456-2000 (RA-2016), Plain And Reinforced Concrete – Code of Practice

3. IS: 516-1959, Methods of 'Tests For Strength of Concrete