Analysis and Simulation of Three-phase Induction motor using Clarke’s transformation

Analysis and Simulation of Three-phase Induction motor using Clarke’s transformation

Analysis and Simulation of Three-phase Induction motor using Clarkes transformation

K.K.Pandey

Asst.Prof. Dept of EXTC, S.S.J.C.O.E

Dombivli,India Krrish.pp@gmail.com

Abstract Condition monitoring of induction motors is a fast emerging technology in the field of electrical equipment maintenance and has attracted more and more attention worldwide as the number of unexpected failure of a critical system can be avoided. Online motor diagnosis is the most efficient way to retain motors operating continuously under healthy conditions. To simplify analysis of a polyphase system, Clarkes transformation is appied. The induction motor model operation and performance is simulated using Matlab. It demonstrates the operational characteristics of faulty as well as healthy motors. This paper presents the advantages of simulation softwares such as Matlab, and use of Clarkes transformation to simplify analysis of a three-phase system.

KeywordsInduction motor, Stator and rotor faults,clarkes transform.

1. INTRODUCTION

   Vsb	=	Isb	0	Rsb	0	+
   Vsc		Isc	0	0	Rsc

   Various test can be performed to investigate the steady-state and dynamic operation of electrical machines and to determine their modeling parameters. Performing such tests helps to acquire a clear understanding of the motor performance. Nevertheless, constraints in some cases make it impossible to do these tests, or only allow them to be done to a limited degree. Such constraints include: the high costs of some of the tests; the lack of appropriate measuring instruments or test rigs; the destructive nature of some of the tests. The risk of equipment damage from repeated tests in a short time period. These limitations prevent from performing some useful tests,

   Dr.P.H.Zope

   Associate.Prof. Dept of EXTC, S.S.B.T.C.O.E,Bambhori, Jalgaon,India phzope@gmail.com

   employed as a complement to an electrical machine performance and its practical tests [3]. Computer programshave also been used to obtain the steady-state performance of IMs under different operating conditions, using its equivalent circuit and plotting various characteristics.

2. ELECTRICAL EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF IM

   An induction motor can be represented as a generalized transformer (fig 1), with stator being fixed and behaving as the primary, while rotating rotor behaves as the secondary. Since we are dealing with a 3 phase motor therefore per phase equivalent circuit of the stator can be represented as shown below (fig 2).

   Applying KVL per phase to the equivalent circuit gives;

   d

   Vsa = Isa Rsa + dt a (1)

   Vsa =Isa Rsa + (( Lsa Isa + Lm Isb +Lm Isc) + Lsr Ir) (2) Similarly;

   Vsb = Isb Rsb + (( Lsb Isb + Lm Isa +Lm Isc) + Lsr Ir) (3)

   Vsc = Isc Rsc + (( Lsc Isc + Lm Isa +Lm Isb) + Lsr Ir) (4)

   Using matrix notation, the above equations can be written as;

   repeating other test procedures, and employing a trial-and- error approach to get a better understanding of the machine performance. Simulations place no limitations on the duration of tests, such virtual tests are therefore perfectly cost- effective.

   The simulation of rotor bar failure and dc, no-load, of

   Vsa

   d

   Isa

   Lm Lsb Lm Isb + (Lsr)Ir

   { Lsa Lm Lm

   Rsa 0 0

   Isa }

   induction motors (IMs) using MATLAB/Simulink was dt proposed in [1]-[3] to improve the fundamental concepts of electric machines. Computer simulation has sometimes been

   (5)

   Lm Lm Lsc

   Isc

   Fig 1 Electrical equivalent circuit of IM

   Fig 2. Stator equivalent circuit

   In a more generalised form; the above equation can be written as;

   d

   [Vs] = [Is][Rs] + dt ([Lss][Is] +[Lsr][Ir] ) (6)

   d

   The inductance due to space fundamental component of the air gap flux produced by a stator phase current can be given as;

   i.e Vs = IsRs + dt s (7)

   where;

   s = Lss Is + Lsr Ir (8)

   Ls

   Lsa =Lsb= Lsc= Ls +Lls ; and Lm = – 2

   Where;

   µrrNc² Rgd

   (10)

   Thus from the above equations we get;

   Ls =

   4gp² (11)

   Vsa

   Isa

   Rsa 0 0

   Using a three phase quantity, the analysis of induction

   [Vs] = Vsb ; [Is] = Isb ; [Rs] =

   0 Rsb 0 ;

   machine becomes quiet complex. Therefore to simplify

   Vsc

   Lsa Lm Lm

   Isc

   <Psa

   0 0 Rsc

   calculations Clarkes transformation also called as dqo

   transformation can be applied.

   Lss = Lm Lsb Lm ; s = <Psb ; (9)

   Lm Lm Lsb <Psc

   It is to be noted that [Lsr] and [Ir] are also in the form of matrices, which is derived during the analysis of rotor circuit.

3. CLARKES TRANSFORMATION

   Clarkes transformation is a mathematical transformation to simplify analysis of a three-phase circuit; given as;

   Xa

   Xdqo= j2/3* Xb * u ; where

   Xc

   cos 0 cos(0 – 2rr/3) cos(0 + 2rr/3)

   Generally the value X0 is used to indicate the amount of

   U = -sin0 -sin (0 – 2rr/3) – sin (0 + 2rr/3)

   1 1 1

   2 2 2

   imbalance in a 3 system. Since the system is balanced

   ,therefore Xo tends to zero, indicating that the system is perfectly balanced.

   Thus we will be implementing the clarkes transformation

   Thus ;

   Xd= j2/3 [ cos * Xa + cos(0 – 2rr/3)* Xb + cos(0 +

   only to derive the d and q axis, which are referred as the direct and quadrature axis.

   2rr/3) * Xc]

   (12)

   Dq transformation can be applied to any 3 phase quantity e.g.

   voltage, current, flux linkage, etc. Thus to convert 3 supply to dq-axis the converter (transformation circuit ) can be

   Xq = – j2/3 [ sin * Xa + sin(0 – 2rr/3)* Xb + sin(0 +

   implemented as shown in fig 3.

   2rr/3) * Xc]

   X0 = j2/3 [ Xa+Xb+Xc ]

   (13)

   (14)

   Thus Vd or Vq represents Vs. The value of stator flux can be calculated if Vs, Is and Rs are known. In the same way stator current for a 3 system, can be converted to a 2 quantity

   j2 using the same

   transformation

   .

   Fig 3. Clarkes transformer

   Fig 4 Internal blocks of Clarkes transformet

4. RESULTS

The use of clarkes transformation helps to convert a

three phase quantity into a two abbrievated as direct and quadrature

phase quantity quantities. The

observations for each scope is presented to justify the clarkes transformer. Fig 5 represents a three phase supply which is converted to two phase (in quadrature to each other) using clarkes transformation as depicted in fig 6.

Fig 5 Three phase supply

Fig 6 Two phase quantity

This analysis can be further extended to calculate the values of stator and rotor currents by making using of the clarkes transformation. Fig 7 and fig 8 represent the equivalent matlab models for estimating stator and rotor currents in a three phase induction motor by the application of clarkes transformation. Fig 9 depicts the two currents represented as single phase quantities

Fig 7 Estimating stator and rotor current per phase

Fig 8 Internal blocks for measurement of stator and rotor currents

Observations	Amplitude	Phase (deg)
	100	0
Vsb	100	-120
Vsc	100	+120
Vd	120	0
Vq	120	-90
Is	123	0
Ir	7	90
s	6 wb/m	0
r	4wb/m	0

Fig 9 Representation of stator and rotor currents as single phase quantities

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1. P.H.Zope, Performance and Simulation Analysis of Single-Phase Grid Connected PV System Based on Z-Source Inverter, 2010 IEEE Conference PEDES-2010-Power India, Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/PEDES.2010.5712436, Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-7782-1.

2. P.H.Zope, Dr. Prashant Sonare, Simulation and Implementation of control strategy for Z-source inverter in the speed control of Induction Motor International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET) (JULY 2011) ISSN 0976-6553 (online), Volume 2

3. K K Pandey, P H Zope, Review on fault diagnosis in a three phase induction motor, International journal on computer applications, sept. 2012