Analysis for Possibilities of Energy Resources from Sugarcane Trash

Analysis for Possibilities of Energy Resources from Sugarcane Trash

Sumit Kumar1, Harish Kumar ,2 Ravi Kumar 3

1,2.3Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department,

D.V.S.I.ET, Meerut U.P.India

Abstract:- The requirement of energy is continuously increasing all over the world and currently major part of this requirement is being fulfilled by the conventional sources of energy. In conventional sources, fossil fuels such petroleum natural gas and coal are widely used for generating electricity. And it is known very well to all that availability of these fuels are limited on the earth and being consumed increasingly. These fuels may not serve the word for ever. Biomass may be alternate fuel to face the scarcity of conventional fuels. This paper is entitled to search the electricity generation by the biomass left in sugarcane field after harvesting cane stalk i.e. cane trash. From the analysis it is found that more than 28 million tones of trash is burnt in the field by the farmers. Uttar Pradesh alone generate 13.23 million tones of trash. And from this amount of trash 823.17 MW (3556 x103 MWh) power can be produced in Uttar Pradesh alone. 1.77 million tones of coal is required to produce this amount of energy. And all over India 7645.49×6 MWh Power can be obtained with trash that is equivalent to 3.8 Million tones of coal

Keywords: Sugarcane, Trash, Baggage, power & sugar mill etc

1. INTRODUCTION

   It is well known to everyone that conventional fuels such as coal, petroleum etc are limited. This scarcity of conventional fuel, forced researchers to search the alternative source of energy to meet the future demand of energy in the form of electricity. Today the concentration is being made toward the renewable energy sources such as wind energy, tidal energy, solar energy geothermal energy, hydropower & energy by biomass. The electricity generation by bagasse is adopted by many sugar mills not only in India but in many countries of the word.

   This paper is focused on the electricity generation by biomass of sugarcane trash (cane trash). Electricity production by these sources may be the alternate fuel for boiler and the emission can be easily managed compared to the emission generated by conventional sources.

   India produced sugarcane in large amount and having second rank in producing sugarcane next after Brazil. Sugarcane produces mainly two type of biomass i.e Bagasse and Trash.

2. BAGASSE & CANE TRASH:

   India is the second largest producer of sugarcane in the word next after Brazil. Total production of sugar cane in India is

   more than 350 Million tones. The production sugarcane in leading states is tabulated as-

   State wise production of sugarcane for session 2014-15

   S.N.	Name of state	Production in Million Tones
   1	Uttar Pradesh	138.48
   2	Maharashtra	81.87
   3	Karnataka	41.89
   4	Tamilnadu	24.46
   5	Bihar	14.13
   6	Gujrat	14.06
   7	Andhra Pradesh & Telangna	13.15
   8	Haryana	7.65
   9	Punjab	7.03
   10	Uttarakhand	6.13
   	Total	348.85

   Table1.1

   A large agricultural area is occupied by the cultivation of sugarcane. The area under sugarcane cultivation is tabulated as given in table 1.2

   S.No.	Name of state	Cultivation Area in lakh Hectares
   1	Uttar Pradesh	21
   2	Maharashtra	9
   3	Karnataka	4
   4	Tamilnadu	2.3
   5	Bihar	2.1
   6	Gujrat	1.8
   7	Andhra Pradesh & Telangna	1.6
   8	Haryana	1.3
   9	Punjab	0.9
   10	Uttarakhand	1.2
   	Total	45.2

   Table 1.2

   Sugarcane trash is the dry leaves attached to the can stalks. It remains left in the field after harvesting the cane stalks.

   The production of cane trash depends on the age of crop ,soil and weather conditions and the crop variety. Its production is about 14-16 % of the total above ground biomass it is almost 12-16 tones per hectare of dry matter. During the harvesting process around 20-30 % of the trash is carried to mill

   together with cane stalks and 70-80 % of the trash remained in the field. Commonly this left amount of trash is burnt by the farmer in the field. Burning of trash in field releases green house gasses like N2O, CH4, CO and CO2 . About 3 tones per hectare of trash is utilized for mulching for conserving soil moisture and nutrients.

3. LITERATURE SURVEY:

   According to the international sugar organization (ISO)

   ,sugarcane is a highly efficient converter of solar energy, and has the highest energy to volume ratio among energy crops, indeed, it gives the highest annual yield of the biomass of all the species. Roughly 1 tone of sugarcane biomass based on bagasse, foliage and ethanol output- has an energy content equivalent to one barrel of crude oil.

   Sugarcane is an energy crop produces the energy equivalent per hectare cropping cycle of 95-114 barrels of crude oil (Botha,2009; Ripoli, 2000; Rein,2007; Krishna, 2002). 60 % of the energy is transported to the mill as the clean cane, 12

   % is utilized as fodder (Young internodes and green leaves ) and the rest 28 % (trash) is predominantly burnt in the open (Ripoli,2000;Rein, 2007;Krishna, 2002)

   Cane trash is a potential fuel with a clorific value ranging from 3845-4375 Kcal/kg on dry basis (Kurt woytuik, 2006) having moisture in the range of 20-30 %.

   About 3 tones per hectare of trash is utilized for mulching for conserving soil moisture and nutrients (Ramalingaswam, 1998)

4. ANALYSIS & CALCULATION:

   During the harvesting operation about 12-16 tones per hectares of cane trash is produced. Here the calculation is carried out considering minimum of 12-16 i.e. 12 tones per hectares. 3 tones per hectares is considered for mulching. And it is also considered that 70 % of trash is left in the field and 30 % is taken to the mill together with the cane stalks.

   Tabulated analysis is carried out for calculating the amount of trash available for power generation for ten leading state in sugarcane production

   Amount of trash available as source of energy

   S.N.	Amount for trash excluding mulching (Million tones)	Amount of trash Carried to mill with can stalk (Million tones)	Amount of trash Left at field after harvesting (Million tones)
   1	18.9	5.67	13.23
   2	8.1	2.43	5.67
   3	3.6	1.08	2.52
   4	2.07	0.621	1.449
   5	1.89	0.567	1.323
   6	1.62	0.486	1.134
   7	1.44	0.432	1.008
   8	1.17	0.351	0.819
   9	0.81	0.243	0.567
   10	1.08	0.324	0.756
   	Total		28.476

   Table 1.5

   From the calculation it is found that more than 28 million tones is burnt in the field by the farmers. Uttar Pradesh alone generate 13.23 million tones of trash. This is a large amount to utilized by the mills through co-generation plant for the production of electricity.

   Cane trash has the following properties

   Calorific value 3845-4375 Kcal/kg

   Moisture content 20-30 %

   Bulk Density 50-65 kg/m3 Burning temperature 600O C 800O C

   Minimum amount of trash produced & Amount of trash for mulching.

   Gases released while

   burning

   N2O, CH4, CO and

   CO2

   S.N.	Name of state	Minimum amount of trash Produced (Million tones)	Amount of trash for Mulching (Million tones)
   1	Uttar Pradesh	25.2	6.3
   2	Maharashtra	10.8	2.7
   3	Karnataka	4.8	1.2
   4	Tamilnadu	2.76	0.69
   5	Bihar	2.52	0.63
   6	Gujrat	2.16	0.54
   7	Andhra Pradesh & Telangna	1.92	0.48
   8	Haryana	1.56	0.39
   9	Punjab	1.08	0.27
   10	Uttarakhand	1.44	0.36

   For analyzing the following input parameters are taken

   1	Turbine inlet temperature	500OC
   2	Boiler Pressure	60 bar
   3	Condensers pressure	.06 bar
   4	Turbine efficiency	90%
   5	Boiler Efficiency	75%
   6	Pump Efficiency	95%
   7	C.V of fuel	3845 kJ/kg

   Table 1.3

   Considering co-generation plants will work in off-session for six months

   Total amount of trash produced in Uttar Pradesh

   =13.23 Million Tones

   Plant operational period = 6 months

   Designed amount of trash consumed =

   State	Temp.(o C)	Press. (bar)	Enthalpy (kJ/kg)	Sp. volume (m3/kg)
   1	500	60	3422.2	0.0567
   2	–	0.06	2205.01	23.74
   3	–	0.06	151.5	0.001006
   4	–	60	157.53	–

   = 3062.5 tones/hour From the steam table

   13.23×106

   6x24x30

   Process (4-1) from

   Pump input = v(P1-P2) = h4-p

   h4= 157.53 kJ/kg heat added in kJ/kg = p-h4

   = 3264.67

   Amount of steam generated:

   Heat added = t *C.V of fuel *mass rate (t/h)

   ms(p-h4) =t *C.V of fuel *mass rate (t/h)

   Table 1.6

   For state 2 assumed dryness friction x=.85 and the enthalpy an sp. Volume is calculated with the formula p = hf +xhfg & v2= vf +xvfg .

   1. Diagram of Rankine cycle

      ms=2705.17 tones/h

      Total output of the plant =turbine output x mass rate of steam

      = 823.17 MW

5. RESULT & DISCUSSION:

   From the analysis it is found that alone Uttar Pradesh is able to produce 823.17 MW power for six month which is equivalent to 3556 x103 MWh.

   Proposed Capacity of Power produced by cane trash for leading state are as following-

   S.N	Name of state	Total Capacity in MW	Total Power Generated (MWh)
   1	Uttar Pradesh	823.173	3556106.5
   2	Maharashtra	352.788	1524045.6
   3	Karnataka	156.795	677353.62
   4	Tamilnadu	89.597	387059.21
   5	Bihar	82.1306	354804.28
   6	Gujrat	70.3088	303733.96
   7	Andhra Pradesh & Telangna	62.7179	270941.45
   8	Haryana	50.3983	217720.81
   9	Punjab	34.8433	150523.03
   10	Uttarakhand	47.0384	203206.09
   	Total	1769.79	7645494.6

   Figure 1.1

   Process (1-2)

   Turbine output in kJ/kg = t(p-p)

   = 1095.47

   Process (2-3)

   Energy rejected from the condenser in kJ/kg = p-p

   =2053.52

   Process (3-4)

   Pump input in kJ/kg = (v*(P1-P2))/p

   = 6.34733

   Table 1.7

   This table is formed on the basis of sis month operation of the plant. it can be observed from the table that total 1769 MW power can be generated from the trash left in the field after harvesting process. in other word total 7645.49 x106 MWh energy can be produced in India with the cane trash.

   For power generation with trash it is not required to set-up plant separately but it need to redesign co-generation plant of regional sugar mill to enhance the capacity of the plant.

6. CONCLUSION & SUMMARY

Uttar Pradesh alone can produce power with rating 3556 x103 MWh that can be generate with 1.778 million tones of coal. And all over India 7645.49×6 MWh Power can be obtained with trash that is equivalent to 3.8 Million tones of coal.

There is a good scope to generate power from cane trash. But there are several challenges to do so. Fist and major problem is to collect trash from the field and transport to the mill. Low bulk density of the trash increases the cost of transportation per tone.

Manual collection and transpiration may be very costly due to bulky nature alternate solution may the baling of the trash and then transported it will increase the density.

Now it required to research to develop new techniques and machineries for the same.

Appendix

hf = Specific enthalpy of saturated liquid ,kJ/kg hfg = Specific enthalpy of evaporation ,kJ/kg

hg = Specific enthalpy of saturated Vapur , kJ/kg v= specific volume, m3k

x= dryness friction

t = efficiency of turbine b = efficiency of boiler p = efficiency of turbine T= temperature

S= Entropy

REFERENCES

1. http://www.smslucknow.com/journals/vol2(2)/S2(2)-2011-63-76.pdf

2. http://www.issct.org/pdf/proceedings/2010/2010%20Prabhakar,%20 CANE%20TRASH%20AS%20FUEL.pdf

3. http://www.mapsofindia.com/top-ten/india-crops/sugercane.html

4. http://www.trendingtopmost.com/worlds-popular-list-top-10/2017- 2018-2019-2020-2021/india/largest-sugarcane-producing-states- india-best-famous/

5. http://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/cane-trash/

6. Ramalingaswamy, K., Jamuna, P., MallikarjunaRao, T.K.V.V. and Padma Raju, A. (1998). Effect of cane trash management on soil- moisture conservation, soil fertility and yield of sugarcane. Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 68(9): 603606.