Automated Toll Collection and Location Sensing

Automated Toll Collection and Location Sensing

Automated Toll Collection and Location Sensing

Swarnaprabaa.P1 , Vipoosh.V2 , Shiyamala.B3 , Arun.M

Abstract:Inthemoderntimes,transportationandvehicularmov ementacrossthestateshasincreaseddrastically.Withtheincreaseint henumberofvehicles,managingthetrafficacrossallthenationalhigh wayshasbecomeaseriousissueforthegovernmentauthorities.Inord ertocounteracttheissueprevalentbecauseoftheexistingmanualtoll collectionsystem,ElectronicTollCollectionsystemishighlyneeded. Thissystemnotonlyaidsintollcollectionbutcanalsobeusedtotrackst olenvehicles,weaponidentificationandoverloaddetection.TheRFI DtagmountedonthevehicleisreadbytheRFIDreaderwhichisinterf acedtoamicrocontroller.Aftersuccessfultransaction,theuserisinti matedaboutthesamethroughatextmessagewhichissentviaaGSMm odem.Thusthissystemwilleliminatethemanualhandlingofcash,red ucetrafficcongestiontherebydecreasingairpollutionandhelpingth ecommutersforapleasurablejourney which allows you to find your current location and also the payment at each toll via sms.

KeywordsCompendium;Tracking;RFID;heap;ETC

1. INTRODUCTION Highwaysplayavitalroleinthesocialandeconomicdevelopm

   entofthesociety.Withthedevelopmentofeconomy,thegrowthofh ighwaysisbecomingfaster.Thenumberofvehiclesontheroadsare alsoincreasingthusleadingtocongestionatthetollplazas.Tooverc ometheproblemofmanualtollcollectionsystem,anelectronictoll collectionsystemhasbeenproposed.Itisatechnologywhichensur essmoothflowoftrafficinanefficientandfastermanner.Electroni ctollsystemincludesvehiclesequippedwithelectronictags,wirele sscommunication,inroad/roadsidesensorsandacentralizedcomp utingsystemtouniquelyidentifyeachvehiclewhichelectronically collectsthetollandprovidestrafficmonitoringanddatacollection. Electronictollcollectionsystemallowsmoreefficienttransactiont otakeplacebetweenavehicleandtollagency.Italsohasahighdegre eoftransparency.

   TherearemanybenefitsofusingElectronicTollCollectionna melyreductionintraveltime,reductioninvehicleemissions,increa seinlanecapacityandconveniencetotheusers.Theevolutionofco mmunicationtechnologyhasbroughtETCsystemsfromSLFF(Si ngleLaneFreeFlow)toMLFF(Multi- LaneFreeFlow).Mostimportantly,thesystemallowsnon stopservicetotheroaduserswithoutbotheringabouttollratesormo neychangeasthesametagisreadatallthetollplazasonallthehighwa ysacrossthecountrycoupledwithareductionintheuseofpaperasw ellasfuel.Thissystemalsoprovidesmechanismfordetectinganyw eaponsaswellasforsensinganyoverloadedvehicles.Electronictol lcollectionutilizesradiofrequencyidentification(RFID)technolo gy.ItconsistsofRFIDtagandtransceiver.

   Tagcanbeoftwotypesnamelyactiveandpassive.Eachtaghasa uniqueidentitynumber.Activetagshavetheirowninternalpowers upplythusallowingalargerrangewhilepassivetagsutilizetheener gyofincomingsignalfromthereaderandthushaveashorterrange. Readerconsistsofanantennatotransmitandreceivethesignalfrom eachtag.Userscanrechargetheiraccountatanytime.Oneofthespe

   cialfeatureofthissystemistodetectstolenvehiclesbyusingadatab asedirectorywhichcontainstheinformationofstolenvehicles.

2. LITERATURESURVEY

   WilliamVickrey,whowontheNobelEconomicsprizein 1959,proposedelectronictollsystemforWashingtonMetropolita nArea.Freeflowtollinghavingfixedtranspondersunderlyinginsi dethevehiclesandthereaderswereplacedunderthehighwaysurfac esinmidof1970s.

   Norwayhadwidespreadimplementationofthistransponderan dreadertechnology.NorwayhaselectronicfeecollectionEFC.Thi skindoftollcollectionsystemwasfirstintroducedinBergeninthey ear1986.TrondheimhadintroducedWorldsfirstcompletelyunai dedfullspeedelectronictollsystem,intheyear1991.Single,univer salsystemwasimplementedfirstlybyPortugal (1995). TheUnitedStateswasanothercountryimplementingETCsystemi nseveralstateslikeGardenStateParkway,California,TexasandPe nnsylvania,DelawareandFloridawherethevehiclescantravelatfu llspeedthroughelectroniclanes.

   EarlierthetollcollectionsystemusedAtmegamicrocontroller sastheheartofthesystem.Theautomaticcoinmachinesweretheni ntroducedwhichusedtoopenthegateonlywhenthesuitableamoun twasdepositedbythecommuter.Itwasonlyafter1980sthattheRF IDtechnologyrevolutionizedanditwasimplementedinthetollcoll ectionsystem.

   Existingsystem:Twotypesoftollcollectionsystemsareinexist ence.Inonesystemallthevehicleshavetostopatthetollplazaalongt hehighwaytopaythetoll.Onepersoncollectsthemoneyandissues areceipt,afterwhichthegateisopenedeithermechanicallyorelectr onicallyforthevehicletogetthroughthetollplaza.Anotherissmart cardsysteminwhichdriverdisplaysasmartcardafterwhichthemo neywillbedeductedfromtheaccountwithouttheneedformanualc ashhandling.

   Drawbackofexistingsystem:Theabovesystemforcollectingt olltaxistimeconsuming;thereisalongqueueofvehiclesattollplaza therebycreatingtheprobabilityoftrafficjamaroundtolljunction.

3. PROPOSEDSTRUCTURE Thesystemissimpleinconstruction,providesautomatictollco

   llectionandvehicletheftdetection.Beforecrossinganytollplaza,a vehiclehastopasstwomajorblocks.Inthefirstblockthevehiclewil lbescreenedforanytypeofarmsandammunitionsothatanytypeof unevenactivitycanbedeterminedbeforehand.Thiswillensurearel iablesecuritymechanismthatwillbehelpfulinpreventinganyanti- socialactivities.Thesecondblockwhichwillbeimplementedinthi ssystemwillbehelpfulindetectinganyoverloadedvehiclesthereb yreducingthepossibilityofanyaccidentsduetooverloading.RFID tagismountedoneachvehiclewithuniqueID.ThisIDcontainsallth

   einformationaboutthevehicleandtheowner.Whenvehiclereache sthetollplaza,tagwillstartemittingtheradiowavesignals.RFIDre aderreceivesthesignalfromtag,decodesthatsignalandsendsittoth eARMmicrocontroller.Thecontrollerwilldisplaythevehiclenu mberandamountonLCD.ARMisinterfacedwithcomputerhostto collectthevehicleanditsownerinformationthroughserialportforf utureuse.

   Whenaccessedfromthedatabase,itshowsallthevehicledetails onacomputerscreensuchasID,vehiclenumber,date,timeandifthi sinformationmatcheswiththatofthedirectoryofstolenvehiclesth enitwillgivetheindicationofthesameandrequiredactionwillbeta kenbytheconcernedauthorities.ARMmicrocontrollerwillcheck forbalanceintheaccountandifthereissufficientbalance,thepredet erminedamountwillbedeductedanduserwillbenotifiedthrougha SMSwhichissentthroughaGSMmodem.Ifthereisinsufficientbal anceintheusersaccount,theuserisnotifiedtorechargehisaccount throughanyoftheoutletswheretheRFIDcardsareissued.

4. BLOCKDIAGRAM

   Fig.1.BlockDiagram

5. DYNAMICS TheblockdiagramofElectronictollcollection(ETC)usingRFI

   DtechnologyisasshowninFigNo.1.TheProposedSystemprovide sautomatictollcollectionandvehicletheftdetectionalongwithspe cialfeaturesofdetectingweaponsandsensingoverloadingofvehic les.OneofthewaysofdetectingweaponsisthroughtheuseofX- rays.Inordertodetectweaponswhicharehiddeninvehicles,X- raysofdifferentenergiescanbeused.Overloadingofvehiclescanb edetectedthroughtheuseofdifferentweightsensors.ARFIDmodu leconsistsoftwoparts- RFIDTagandRFIDReader.ARFIDtagismountedoneachvehicle withuniqueID.ThisIDisnotvisibletohumans;itcontainsalltheinf ormationaboutthevehicleandtheowner.Whenvehiclereachesthe tollplaza,tagwillemitradiowavesignal.RFIDreaderreceivesthes ignalfromtag,decodesthatsignalandsendsittotheARMmicrocon troller.Themicrocontrollerwilldisplaythevehiclenumberandapa rticulartollamountonLCD.

   ARMmicrocontrollerisinterfacedwithcomputerhosttocollec tthevehicledatathroughserialportforfutureuse.Whenaccessedfr omdatabaseitshowsallthevehicledetailsonthecomputerscreensu chasID,vehiclenumber,date,time.Microcontrollerchecksthebal ance;ifsufficientbalanceispresentthenthepredeterminedamount isdeductedfromtheprepaidaccountandtheaccountisupdated.Me ssagewillbesenttothevehicleonerbyusingGSMmodem.

   Secondly,apostpaidsystemwillalsobeinterfacedalongwithth emodulecomprisingthetagwhichwillallowthedrivers/passersto gofore- billingincasethebalanceintheprepaidmodulegoeswithoutbalanc e;thedriverwillbealarmedtoacknowledgethepermissionofgettin ge-billingdone.

   Ifthevehicleisstolenthevehicleownerregistersacomplaintwit hthelocalpolicestationwherebyonlyauthorizedpersonsareallow edtoupdatetheregistrationIDandRFIDtagnumberonthewebsite. Whenvehiclepassesbythetollplazathevehicletagnumberiscomp aredwiththestolenvehicletagnumbersinthedatabaseattollplaza.I fitismatchedthebuzzerwillringandamessagewillbesenttotheregi steredpolicestation.

6. METHODOLOGY

   Fig.2.Flowchart

7. APPLICATIONS

   Theproposedsystemidentifiestheclassofvehicleandcollectst hetollamountaccordingly.Italsoidentifieswhetherthevehicleisc arryinganyweaponsornot.Inordertopreventanyaccidentsduetoo verloading,thissystemalsodetectsforanyoverloadedvehicles.In caseofanymishapduetotheabovereasons,theconcernedauthoriti esareinformedtotakethenecessaryaction.

8. CONCLUSION

Anumberofhighwayscanbeconnectedbyprovidingasingleda tabaseofalargenumberofvehiclesandprovidinganefficientwayo fcollectingtoll.Itreducesthehumaneffortsforcollectingtollamou ntandprovidessmoothflowoftrafficaroundtolljunctiontherebyh elpingGovernmentauthorities.

REFERENCES

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