Conceive of Waste Flowers

Conceive of Waste Flowers

P. S. Masure

Jawahrlal Nehru Engineering College: Department of Environmental Engineering

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

Prof. B. M. Patil

Jawahrlal Nehru Engineering College: Department of Environmental Engineering

Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

Abstract The flowers are offered to Deities in temple and thus available in huge quantities as temple waste. The total waste generated in Aurangabad city alone has been estimated to be 50kg per day. Most of these flowers are either dumped by the side of river or allowed to naturally decay, resulting in water pollution as well as environmental pollution. We have made use of the waste flowers and utilized its colorant for dyeing purpose which can be use in small scale industry.

Keywords Waste rose and marigold flowers, Extraction, Scouring, mordanting, Cotton and silk dyeing.

1. INTRODUCTION

   Huge amount of rose and marigold flowers are offered to God in temple in India, creating a very large waste. These waste flowers were collected and used for dyeing to cotton

   140

   Collected Extract (ml)

   120

   100

   80

   60

   40

   20

   0

   Effect of different temperature for 1hr

   75 80 85 90 95

   Temperature (°C)

   Graph -1

   Marigold Rose

   and silk. Extraction of dry flowers petals of rose and marigold with water at boiling condition. Extracted colour used for dyeing to cotton and silk using mordant copper sulphate and ferrous sulphate. The present work indicate good dyeing result. Waste flowers of temples are easily available and economical to use for dye. Dyeing of marigold and rose are no allergic to human health and available in abundant.

2. MATERIALS AND METHOD Collection of flowers: Waste flowers are collected from

   temples in Aurangabad city. These flowers petals were dried in room temperature. Average temperatures in Aurangabad 25

   °C.

   Graph-1, observed collected most quantity of extract at temperature 75°C for 1hr, but not good colour quality

   .Temperature at 80°C -85°C collected good quality colour, Samples shows good result from flower dye. The extraction is favoured at high temperature 90°C – 95°C, but at higher temperature, there is problem of charring of dye and collected exctract in minimum quantity.

   Effect of temperature and time

   120

   Collected Extract (ml)

   100

3. EXTRACTION OF COLOUR

   Dried flowers petals weight 20 gm were taken and dissolved in 140 ml distilled water. Heat it gradually to 95°C, maintain this temperature for 15min to yield a rose dye extract and for 25 min to yield marigold dye extract , to be used for dyeing . Now, this extracted dye solution (10 ml) was diluted with distilled water (40 ml).

   80

   60

   40

   20

   0

   75 80 85 90 95

   Temperature (°C)

   Graph -2

   Rose for 15 minute Marigold for 25 minute

   Graph-2, Observed time for Rose 15 minute and 25 minute for Marigold petals for extraction at temperature 75°C to 90°C, collected low quality colour at maximum quantity. Temperature at 95°C observed collected extract good quality for dye to cloth.

4. SCOURING

   Cotton and silk fabrics were washed in solution containing 2 ml non-ionic liquid soap for 50 ml distilled water cloth samples were dipped for 20 min. The scoured sample was through washed with tap water and dried at room temperature.

5. MORDANTING

   Mordant copper sulphate (CuSo4) and Ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) used. The fibres mordanted for 1hr at the temperature 80°C then samples of cloths squeezed and dried in room temperature.

   Laboratory experiment, table-1 show that use of mordant can produce different colours on fabrics dyed with its flower extract.

   TABLE-2 FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF DYED COTTON WITH DIFFERENT MORDANTING OF ROSE EXTRACT

   Tests on Cotton			Different mordant
   			Copper Sulphate (CuSo4)		Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4)
   Colour fastness to Rubbing (ISO 105X12 : 2001)	Dry		4-5		4-5
   	Wet		4		4-5
   Colour fastness to washing (ISO 105 C06 A1M at 40°C : 2010)	Change in shade		2-3		3-4
   	Staining on	A	4-5		5
   		C	4		4-5
   		N	4		4-5
   		P	5		5
   		A	5		5
   		W	5		5
   Colour fastness to perspiration (ISO 105 E04 : 2013)			Ac	Al	Ac	Al
   	Change in shade		4	4	4-5	4-5
   	Staining on	A	4-5	4-5	4-5	4-5
   		C	4	3-4	4	4
   		N	4	4	4	4
   		P	4-5	4-5	4-5	4-5
   		A	4-5	4-5	4-5	4-5
   		W	4	4	4	4
   Colour fastness to light (ISO 105 B02 : 2013)			4		4

   TABLE-1 COLORIMETRIC VALUES

   Flower + Mordant	Colour Shade	Colour Model (R,G,B)
   Rose + Copper Sulphate		129,116,59
   Rose + Ferrous Sulphate		20,0,0

   Flower + Mordant	Colour Shade	Colour Model (R,G,B)
   Marigold + Copper Sulphate		208,184,10
   Marigold + Ferrous Sulphate		83,97,21

   Table-1 shows received colour shade on dyeing with different mordants for Rose and Marigold flower.

   Tests on Cotton			Different mordant
   			Copper Sulphate (CuSo4)		Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4)
   Colour fastness to Rubbing (ISO 105X12 : 2001)	Dry		4-5		4-5
   	Wet		4		3-4/p>
   Colour fastness to washing (ISO 105 C06 A2S at 40°C : 2010) (Without steel balls)	Change in shade		4		4
   	Staining on	A	5		5
   		C	4		4-5
   		N	4-5		5
   		P	4-5		5
   		A	5		5
   		W	5		5
   Colour fastness to perspiration (ISO 105 E04 : 2013)			Ac	Al	Ac	Al
   	Change in shade		4-5	4-5	4-5	4
   	Staining on	A	4	4	4-5	4
   		C	3-4	3-4	4	3-4
   		N	4	4	4	3-4
   		P	4-5	4	4-5	4
   		A	4-5	4	4-5	4
   		W	4	4	4-5	4
   Colour fastness to light (ISO 105 B02 : 2013)			4		>4 (tested up to grade 4)

6. DYEING

   Cotton fabric (10cm x 10cm) weighing 1.17 gm and silk fabric (10cm X 10cm ) weighing 0.64 gm were dyed in a beaker, gradually increased temperature at 80°C and maintained for 20 minute. After 3 days dyed cloth samples was washed with tap water by using detergent.

   As per proportion of colour quantity and cloth size of experiment, dyed cloth sample (50cm X 50cm) of laboratory requirement to test fastness properties of cloth.

   TABLE-3 FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF DYED SILK WITH DIFFERENT MORDANTING OF ROSE EXTRACT

   TABLE-4 FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF DYED COTTON WITH DIFFERENT MORDANTING OF MARIGOLD EXTRACT

   Tests on Cotton			Different mordant
   			Copper Sulphate (CuSo4)		Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4)
   Colour fastness to Rubbing (ISO 105X12 : 2001)	Dry		5		4-5
   	Wet		4		3-4
   Colour fastness to washing (ISO 105 C06 A1M at 40°C : 2010)	Change in shade		2-3		2
   	Staining on	A	5		5
   		C	5		4-5
   		N	5		5
   		P	5		5
   		A	5		5
   		W	5		5
   Colour fastness to perspiration (ISO 105 E04 : 2013)			Ac	Al	Ac	Al
   	Change in shade		3-4	4-5	4	4
   	Staining on	A	4	4	4-5	4
   		C	3	3-4	3-4	3
   		N	3	4	3-4	3
   		P	4	4	4-5	4
   		A	4	4	4-5	4
   		W	3-4	4	4	3-4
   Colour fastness to light (ISO 105 B03 : 2013)			4		>4 (tested up to grade 4)

   Tests on Cotton			Different mordant
   			Copper Sulphate (CuSo4)		Ferrous Sulphate (FeSO4)
   Colour fastness to Rubbing (ISO 105X12 : 2001)	Dry		4-5		4-5
   	Wet		4		3-4
   Colour fastness to washing (ISO 105 C06 A2S at 40°C : 2010) (Without steel balls)	Change in shade		3		2-3
   	Staining on	A	5		4-5
   		C	4-5		4-5
   		N	5		4-5
   		P	5		5
   		A	5		5
   		W
   Colour fastness to perspiration (ISO 105 E04 : 2013)				Al	Ac
   	Change in shade		4	4	4-5	4-5
   	Staining on	A	4-5	4	4-5	4
   		C	3-4	3	3-4	3-4
   		N	3-4	3-4	3-4	3
   		P	4-5	4-5	4-5	4
   		A	4-5	4-5	4-5	4
   		W	4	4	4	3-4
   Colour fastness to light (ISO 105 B02 : 2013)			4		>4 (tested up to grade 4)

   TABLE-5 FASTNESS PROPERTIES OF DYED SILK WITH DIFFERENT MORDANTING OF MARIGOLD EXTRACT

   5 5

   Ac Al

   A= Acetate, C= Cotton, N= Nylon, P= Polyester, A= Acrylic, W= Wool.

   Ac= Acidic, Al= Alkaline.

7. FASTNESS EVALUTATION

   The dye samples were tested according to ISO method. The specific tests were as follows:

   • Colour fastness to Rubbing : (ISO 105X12 : 2001)

   • Colour fastness to washing : (ISO 105 C06 A2S at 40°C : 2010)

   • Colour fastness to perspiration : (ISO 105 E04 : 2013)

   • Colour fastness to light : (ISO 105 B02 : 2013)

     Result of fastness properties of dyeing with Rose and marigold petals by using different mordants are shows in table 2,3,4 and 5.

     Colour fastness properties of dyed sample were observed that almost shows good to very good rating and very good to excellent 4-5.

8. SURVEY OF COLLECTION AND DYE TO

   CLOTH

   • Daily collection of flowers = 50 kg

   • Transportation cost =Rs. 200/-

   • Labour charges = Rs. 400/-

   • Other cost required for dyeing = Rs. 1000/-

   • Total cost for dye = Rs.1500/-

   • Approximately 25kg cloth can dye daily.

9. CONCLUSION

   A Globle awareness is already in place favoring the use of natural resources for protecting the environment and earth from pollution and ecological imbalances. Hence, the presented work shows different flowers can be used as dye .In this study compound shades were obtained using combinations of natural dye and mordant to fabric sample.

10. FUTURE SCOPE

1. Natural flowers colour can be use for making colourful candles.

2. Waste of flowers can be use as fertilizer.

3. Flowers can be use to making herbal gulal. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The authors would also like to thank Prof. M. U. Popale

(Chemical Engineering Department Aurangabad) for his tremendous support of this research project and helpful discussion of chemicals and reactions.

I wish to thank Prof. Amale (Environment Engineering, Loni), Prof. M. Gavakar (Chemical Engineering Department Aurangabad) and JNEC khadi Department Aurangabad for their support towards the completion of this project.

I am also grateful to my project supervisor Prof. B.M. Patil (Environmental Engineering Department Aurangabad) who without his help and guidance this project would not have been completed.

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