Design of Rectangular Patch Antenna using ISM Band

Design of Rectangular Patch Antenna using ISM Band

Dhananjay Singp

(Assistant Professor) Mangalmay Institute of technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Harish Bhatia2,

( Professor, Assistant Professor) Mangalmay Institute of technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Ambica Yadav3

( Professor, Assistant Professor) Mangalmay Institute of technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract In this paper an inset fed rectangular shaped microstrip patch antenna is designed. The designed antenna structure is further simulated using Agilent ADS(Advance Design System) simulation software. The patch is designed with RT Duroid 5880 substrate of having dielectric constant of 2.2 and thickness of 1.6 mm. The simulation result proves the theoretical aspects for ISM Band.

permittivity. The impedance of the antenna increases with higher permittivities. Higher values of permittivity allow a "shrinking" of the patch antenna. Particularly in cell phones, the designers are given very little space and want the antenna to be a half-wavelength long. One technique is to use a substrate with a very high permittivity. Equation (1) above can be solved for L to illustrate this:

Keywords RT Duroid 5880 ;inset fed; microstrip patch.

B r 1 W h

(2)

l

l

2

r

1. INTRODUCTION

   Antenna is a device designed for radiating or receiving radio waves. The microstrip antennas also referred to as microstrip patch antennas (MSA) have several advantages like small size, light weight, low cost, low volume and easy to fabricate using printed circuit technology over conventional microwave antennas and therefore are widely used in many practical applications like aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, missile, mobile, GPS, RFID, Wi-Max and Radar etc. The radiating elements and the feed lines are usually photo etched on the dielectric substrate. MSAs suffer from disadvantages like low radiation efficiency, low gain, high Q, narrow impedance bandwidth etc.

   All of the parameters in a rectangular patch antenna design (L, W, h, permittivity) control the properties of the antenna. As such, this page gives a general idea of how the parameters affect performance, in order to understand the design process. First, the length of the patch L controls the resonant frequency as seen here. This is true in general, even for more complicated microstrip antennas that weave around

   – the length of the longest path on the microstrip controls the lowest frequency of operation. Equation (1) below gives the relationship between the resonant frequency and the patch length:

   Hence, if the permittivity is increased by a factor of 4, the length required decreases by a factor of 2. Using higher values for permittivity is frequently exploited in antenna miniaturization. The height of the substrate h also controls the bandwidth – increasing the height increases the bandwidth.

2. ANTENNA DESIGN

   The design of inset fed rectangular patch antenna with its dimensions is shown below:

   Solution frequency	2.45 GHz
   Patch dimension along x	48.4 mm
   Patch dimension along y	40.49 mm
   Substrate thickness	1.6 mm
   Substrate dimension along x	82.2
   Substrate dimension along y	120.83
   Inset distance	12.215
   Inset gap	2.465

   Solution frequency	2.45 GHz
   Patch dimension along x	48.4 mm
   Patch dimension along y	40.49 mm
   Substrate thickness	1.6 mm
   Substrate dimension along x	82.2
   Substrate dimension along y	120.83
   Inset distance	12.215
   Inset gap	2.465

   Fig 1: Design of rectangular patch antenna.

   l 1

   2 fc or o

   (1)

   Table 1: Dimensions of Inset fed Rectangular patch antenna

   Second, the width W controls the input impedance and the radiation pattern. The wider the patch becomes the lower the input impedance is. The permittivity of the substrate controls the fringing fields – lower permittivities have wider fringes and therefore better radiation. Decreasing the permittivity also increases the antenna's bandwidth. The efficiency is also increased with a lower value for the

3. RESULT

   The return loss of inset fed rectangular patch antenna according to the base paper consulted is -38dB.

   The return loss of inset fed rectangular patch antenna has been obtained -21.966 dB.

   Fig 2: Figure shows the return loss of inset fed rectangular patch antenna.

   Radiation pattern of inset fed rectangular patch antenna showing the polar plot of gain and radiated power is shown below. The gain obtained by the polar plot is 7.05257dB and the radiated power is 0.00193318W.

   Fig 3: Polar plot of gain.

   Feed width	4.93
   Feed length	37.298

   Feed width	4.93
   Feed length	37.298

   Fig 4: Polar plot of radiated power.

   The radiation pattern of inset fed microstrip patch antenna as obtained in 3D structure can be shown as in fig.5. This structure is in the shape of an apple and the far field cut can be shown as:

   Fig 5: Far field cut shown in radiation pattern.

   The antenna parameters thus obtained by the analysis of inset fed rectangular patch antenna is shown in table below. these parameters are obtained by analysing the antenna on Agilent ADS software.

   Table 2: Antenna parameters

   Power radiated (watts)	0.00192318
   Effective angle (steradians)	2.31339
   Directivity (dB)	7.378785
   Gain (dB)	7.55257

4. CONCLUSION

   An inset fed rectangular patch antenna is designed and simulated over Agilent ADS simulation software. The simulated result shows that the designed antenna structure is suitable to operate in ISM frequency band. The return loss of designed antenna compared to the return loss of antenna designed in base paper, is slightly low. To improve the results further optimization has to be done.

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors would like to express their sincere thanks to Electronics and Communication Engineering Department of Shri Ram Murti Samrak College of Engineering and Technology, Bareilly for providing the help to carry out this study and work.

REFERENCES

1. D. Orban and G.J.K. Moernaut, The Basics of Patch Antennas, Orban Microwave Products

2. David M. Pozar, Microstrip Antennas , Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 80, No 1, p.p. 79- 91, January 1992.

3. Tauheed Qamar, Naseem Halder, Mohd. Gulman Siddiqui, Vishal Varshney, SSimulation and analysis of slot-coupled patch antennaat different frequencies using HFSS Amity School of Engineering And Technology, Amity University, Noida, U.p, India.

4. p>Fan Yang, Xue-Xia Zhang, Xiaoning Ye, and Yahya Rahmat-Samii, Wide-Band E-Shaped Patch Antennas for Wireless Communications IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 49, no. 7, July 2001

5. Rajendra R. Patil, Vani R. M, P.V. Hunagund, Antenna miniaturization techniques for wireless applications Dept. of E&CE, Appa Institute of Engineering & Technology, Gulbarga-585103, Karnataka, India.,

6. Amit Kumar Gupta1 , R.K. Prasad2 , Dr. D.K. Srivastava3, Design and development of dual e-shaped microstrip patch antenna for bandwidth and gain enhancement Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering 1, 2 Madan Mohan Malaviya Engineering College, Gorakhpur, INDIA 3 Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology, Jhansi, INDIA

7. Pradeep Kumar, Neha Thakur, Aman Sanghi, "Micro strip Patch Antenna for 2.4 GHZ Wireless Applications" International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology (IJETT) Volume 4 Issue 8- August 2013