Design of Solar Panel As Wind Turbine Blades

Design of Solar Panel As Wind Turbine Blades

Saurabh J. Kamble, Prof. Dr. V. T. Tale Department of Mechanical Engineering, JSPMs Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering, Tathawade, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract The purpose of this system is to generate the green energy by using wind and solar technology. In conventional wind turbines friction losses due to bearings are more which affect the performance of the turbine. To reduce this friction loss we implement the concept of magnetic levitation in our project. We fabricate Hybrid wind Turbine which produces electricity on the principle of faradays law produced can be Stored of electromagnetic induction as well as solar technology. The electricity can be stored continuously for whole day.

Keywords: – Hybridized Power Generation, PV cells, Renewable energy systems.

1. INTRODUCTION

   Now a day, we will ultimately need to search for renewable or virtually inexhaustible energy for the human development to continue. Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power, geothermal energy, hydropower and various forms of biomass. The popularity of renewable energy has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power generation methods. The exploration of renewable energy is the only approach to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Among the renewable energy sources Wind Energy is one of the fastest growing energy sources which is growing at the rate of 30% annual graph.The wind speeds in most of Asian zone is much lower than 7 m/s, especially in the cities, but the mechanical frictional resistance of existing wind turbines is too big, usually it can't start up when the wind speed is not big enough. This project introduces structure and principle of the proposed magnetic levitation wind turbine for better utilization of wind energy. Maglev Wind turbine has the features of no mechanical contact, no friction etc. minimizing the damping in the magnetic levitation wind turbine, which enables the wind turbine start up with low speed wind and work with breeze. Renewable energy is generally electricity supplied from sources, such as wind power, solar power, geothermal energy, hydropower and various forms of biomass. These sources have been coined renewable due to their continuous replenishment and availability for use over and over again. The popularity of renewable energy has experienced a significant upsurge in recent times due to the exhaustion of conventional power generation methods and increasing realization of its adverse effects on the environment. This popularity has been bolstered by cutting edge research and ground breaking technology that has been introduced so far to aid in the effective tapping of these natural resources and it is estimated that renewable sources might contribute about 20% 50% to energy

   consumption in the latter part of the 21st century. Facts from the World Wind Energy Association estimates that by 2010, 160GW of wind power capacity is expected to be installed worldwide which implies an anticipated net growth rate of more than 21% per year. This project focuses on the utilization of wind energy as a renewable source. In the United States alone, wind capacity has grown about 45% to 16.7GW and it continues to grow with the facilitation of new wind projects. The aim of this major qualifying project is to design and implement a magnetically levitated vertical axis wind turbine system that has the ability to operate in both high and low wind speed conditions. Our choice for this model is to showcase its efficiency in varying wind conditions as compared to the traditional horizontal axis wind turbine and contribute to its steady growing popularity for the purpose of mass utilization in the near future as a reliable source of power generation.

2. OBJECTIVES

   • To design a Wind turbine system is safe, reliable and able to Generate power and lower the height level using as solar panel as wind mill blades

   • To develop a system that is powered by solar power

   • Use of solar panel as wind turbine blades.

   With populations increasing exponentially and our natural resources being strained by increases in demand, it is more important than ever to invest in renewable energy. Our consumption of fossil fuels as energy has been traced to be a leading cause in environmental issues. The byproduct of fossil fuel consumption is carbon dioxide, which has been named to be a primary constituent leading to Global Warming.

3. METHODOLOGY

   1. We are using the First Law of Faraday's Electromagnetic Induction state that whenever a conductor are placed in a varying magnetic field emf are induced which is called induced emf, if the conductor circuit are closed current are also induced which is called induced current.

   2. Use of the copper coils and neodymium magnets system, magnets which mounted on turbine base and the coils on the steady plate of the turbine its start producing the power with the coils.

   3. We are saving this power to battery to reutilize it. IV- Solar panels at the top of wind turbine to make the Right trapezoid shape.

4. LITERATURE SURVEY

   Mr. Sthita Prajna Mishra, Dr.S.M.Ali, Ms. Prajnasmita Mohapatra, Ms.Arjyadhara Pradhan, A Hybrid System (Solar and Wind) Energy System for Remote Areas, states that the collection of the solar panel was enhanced by

   68.5% from that of the single panel with the help of reflectors and tracking. Further energy obtained using the windmill with addition of dedicated wind sensor and altered design together adds to an increase in the efficiency by an overall margin of above 50%. The paper explains the advantages and working hybridized wind and solar system. There are two types of solar systems; those that convert solar energy to D.C power, and those that convert solar energy to heat. Photovoltaic are solar cells that convert sunlight to D.C electricity. These solar cells in PV module are made from semiconductor materials. When light energy strikes the cell, electrons are emitted. The electrical conductor attached to the positive and negative scales of the material allow the electrons to be captured in the form of a D.C current. The wide spread use of PV generation is however mainly hampered by economic factors. Today the theoretical efficiency of a solar PV cell can be 25% – 30 % and a practical efficiency around 17%.To maximize the falling of sun rays on solar panel the proposed solution in this paper is to use reflectors which reflect rays toward panel and placed at an angle of 60 degrees. A wind turbine is a machine for converting the kinetic energy in wind into mechanical energy. Wind turbines can be separated into two basic types based on the axis about which the turbine rotates. Turbines that rotate around a horizontal axis are more common. Vertical-axis turbines are less frequently used. Wind turbines can also be classified by the location in which they are used as Onshore, Offshore, and aerial wind turbines. J.Godson,M.Karthick, T.Muthukrishnan, M.S.Sivagamasundari, SOLAR PV-WIND HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEM, International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering states that A portion of the energy requirement for a private house, farm house, a small company where used has been supplied with the electricity generated from the wind and solar power. It reduces the dependence on one single source and has increased the reliability Renewable energy sources i.e. Energy generated from solar, wind, biomas, hydro power, geothermal and ocean resources are considered as a technological option for generating clean energy. But the energy generated from solar and wind is much less than the production by fossil fuels, however, electricity generation by utilizing PV cells and wind turbine increased rapidly in recent years. This paper presents the Solar-Wind hybrid Power system that harnesses the renewable energies in Sun and Wind to generate electricity. Solar-Wind hybrid Power system is the combined power generating system by wind mill and solar energy panel. It also includes a battery which is used to store the energy generated from both the sources. Using this system power generation by windmill when wind source is available and generation from PV module when light radiation is available can be achieved. Both units can be generated power when both sources are available. By providing the battery uninterrupted power supply is possible when both sources are idle. Energy stored in the battery is drawn by electrical loads through the inverter, which converts DC power into AC power. The inverter has in-built protection for Short-Circuit, Reverse Polarity, Low Battery Voltage and Over Load.

   Ashish S. Ingole, Prof. Bhushan S. Rakhonde,Hybrid Power Generation System Using Wind Energy and Solar Energy,"states that hybrid power generation system is good and effective solution for power generation than conventional energy resources. It has greater efficiency. It can provide to remote places where government is unable to reach. So that the power can be utilize where it generated so that it will reduce the transmission losses and cost. Cost reduction can be done by increasing the production of the equipment. People should motivate to use the non- conventional energy resources. It is highly safe for the environment as it doesnt produce any emission and harmful waste product like conventional energy resources. It is cost effective solution for generation. Hybrid energy system is the combination of two energy sources for giving power to the load. . In other word it can defined as Energy system which is fabricated or designed to Extract power by using two energy sources is called as the hybrid energy system. Hybrid energy system has good reliability, efficiency, less emission, and lower cost. In this proposed system solar and wind power is used for generating power. Solar and wind has good advantages than other than any other non-conventional energy sources. Both the energy sources have greater availability in all areas. It needs lower cost. There is no need to find special location to install this system.

   Solar-wind hybrid energy systems needs only initial investment. It will compete well in generation with the conventional energy sources. When accounted for a lifetime of reduced or avoided utility costs. The cost of the system depends on the system chosen, wind resource on the site, electric costs in the area, and the battery bank required. Cost of the Wind-Solar Hybrid system is to be minimized. For minimize the cost of the system we need to increase the use of non-conventional energy sources. So that production of solar and wind power generator will be increase. That will reduce cost of the whole system.

   Deshmukh and S.S Deshmukh, discuss methods of modeling and designing hybrid renewable energy systems, and also issues involved in increasing the penetration of such systems.

   The input energy to PV system is solar radiation and total solar radiation on an inclined surface is estimated as

   IT= IbRb + IdRd + (Ib+Id) Rr

   Where Ib and Id are direct normal and diffuse solar radiations, Rd and Rr are the tilt factors for the diffuse and reflected part of the solar radiations.

   Ravindra Kashyap : US7045702B2 United States

   Solar-paneled windmill .A solar-paneled windmill is provided having aerodynamic fan blades provided with solar panels. The windmill produces electricity using wind energy and solar energy. In another embodiment, magnets are provided to the solar-paneled windmill fan blades to generate magnetic fields to increase the amount of electrical energy produced.

   1. hilak, S.Prabakaran, G.Sathi Design And Analysis of Savonius wind Turbine with magnetic Repulsion gives us all information about vertical wind turbine and use of it to

      generate electricity with help of magnetic repulsion. Wind energy conversion systems are an old concept in harnessing energy. Wind power was earlier used in small applications such as moving boats where sailing was employed, cooling houses, running machines in large farms, and even in small production facilities. The importance was redefined when conversion of the wind energy to electrical power highlighted a turning point for the wind power industries. Due to the impact in energy crisis and changes in the climates, wind turbines started to spread rapidly across the globe in the past decades. However, wind power is far from its full outcomes. Manufacturers have incrementally improved conventional wind turbines in the last few decades but the greatest energy output has less starting torque. To overcome this we have used magnets to gain initial starting torque.

      As we studied the research papers there some gaps , also considered the missing piece or pieces , hybridization is studied by every researcher also energy combinations but the wind and solar working mechanism combination not explored by any researcher , our focus is combing the both power plus the working mechanism as we know the solar panel charging angle is 45 degree to the solar rays for the maximum efficiency of panel so we are placing the panel at this angle also we are using this panel itself as the wind turbine blades with the help of air trapping blades of wind turbine.

5. CAD MODELLING

   Fig.1 CAD Design

   Fig.2 Force Interaction

6. POWER CALCULATION

   The wind turbine works on the principle of converting kinetic energy of the wind to mechanical energy.

   The kinetic energy of any particle is equal to one half its mass times the square of its velocity, K.E=12Mv² (1)

   Where, K.E=kinetic-energy M=mass

   v = velocity,

   M = AV (2)

   Subtituting eq. 2 in eq. 1 K E =1/2AV³ watts.

   Where,

   A= swept area of turbine.

   = density of air (1.225 kg/m³) V=wind velocity.

   Therefore power developed by wind turbine= 12AV³ watts.

   Coefficient of power (CP)

   Coefficient of power is the ratio of mechanical power developed by the turbine to power of wind.

   CP=0.593

   Power of Turbine (PT) PT = 12AV³*CP watts

   To find dimensions of turbine (H & D) Assume: Power to be generated = 20 watt

   Average wind speed = 6 m/s PT = 12AV³*CP

   20 = 12*1.225*A*(6)³*0.59

   A= 0.2562 m²

   Considering aspect ratio = 1.5 A=R*H

   Therefore, A = R*(1.5R) Where,

   H= Height of turbine,

   R= Radius of turbine 0.2562= R²*(1.5)

   R=0.4132 m & H=0.6198 m

7. MAGNETIC LEVITATION

   Magnetic Levitation occurs when the two similar pole are repelled without each other. The ring shaped permanent magnets of grade N35 are used for the levitation.

   Dimensions: Outer diameter = 40 mm

   Inner diameter = 20 mm Thickness =10mm

   The force between this two like magnetic pole are to be calculated as,

   F= qm1qm2/4r² Where,

   qm1 & qm2= magnitudes of magnetic poles (Amp- mtr)

   = permeability of intermediate medium as air, 4*10-7 N/A-7

   r= Distance between two magnetic pole. qm1 & qm2=HC1, C2 *A= 900*103 A/m

   F= 0HC1HC2/4r²

   According to equilibrium forces;

   F=0

   Mg F = 0 F= Mg

   Where,

   F is magnetic force, N

   M is total mass of rotor to levitate, kg g is gravitational acceleration m/s²

   Therefore total weight of the turbine is around 4 kg. F = 4*9.81= 39.24 N

   Available Neodymium magnet with dimensions 40*20*10mm having capacity to repel 39.24 N force can be used for levitation between stator and rotor to maintain air gap.

   Drag force is iven by; Fd =1/2 **A*V²*Cd where;

   Cd = coefficient of drag = 1.42 Fd = 12*1.225*.2562*6²*1.42 Fd = 8.02 N

   Drag force is 8.02 N.

8. DESIGN OF MODEL:

   A digital mock up (DMU) designed as per standard part availability in market and there dimensions, A digital mock up (DMU) provides us with the basis for evaluating optimum package usage. As specialists in production-ready development, we make sure all components are ideally

   positioned including the ability to accommodate components in terms of geometry and actually fixing them in position. To ensure production gets off to a smooth start. This is best industry method to design any machine using

   3d softwares.

   Catia v5 software is used in this model.

   Fig.3 Design Modelling

   Fig.4 S-type Rotor

   Fig.5 Rotated view of S-type rotor

   Fig.6 Stand of Rotor

9. MATERIAL SELECTION

   Major Components of Maglev Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

   1. Blades

   2. Neodymium magnet

   3. Generator

   1.Blades

   A wide range of materials can be select as a turbine blade in wind turbines. Depending on a size of our project here we use aluminum for blade material. Aluminum is a metal like steel, brass, copper, zinc, lead or titanium. Aluminum is a very light metal with a specific weight of 2.7 g/cm2, about a third that of steel. Its strength can be adapted to the application required by modifying the composition of its

   alloys. Aluminum naturally generates a protective oxide coating and is highly corrosion resistant. Aluminum is a good reflector of visible light as well as heat, and that together with its low weight makes it an ideal material for reflectors in, for example, light fittings or rescue blankets. Aluminum is strong with a tensile strength of70 to 700 MP depending on the alloy and manufacturing process. Extrusions of the right alloy and design are as strong as structural steel. This means that the moment of inertia has to be three times as great for an aluminum extrusion to achieve the same deflection as a steel profile.

   Property	Value
   Density	3 2712 kg/m
   Thermal Conductivity	0.180 Kw/m-C
   Specific Heat	920 J/kg-C
   Modulus of Elasticity	68947.570 MPa
   Poissons Ratio	0.330
   Yield Stress	275.790 MPa
   Ultimate Stress	310.264 MPa

   Table 1. Property Values of AL 6061-T6

10. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

    Wind velocities at different location points on the turbine in m/s				Avg. Wind Speed in m/s	Speed Of Turbine in rpm
    V1	V 2	V 3	V 4
    0	0	0	0	0	0
    0.2	0.5	0.3	0.5	0.325	17.12
    0.5	0.7	0.9	0.8	0.725	18.3
    0.8	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.075	20.2
    1.3	1.6	2.2	1	1.525	23.1
    1.6	1.8	1.6	0.8	1.45	27.4
    1.1	2.9	1.7	2.5	2.05	38.7
    3.3	3.5	3.2	2	3	46.3

    Table 2. Testing and Result

11. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

    • Clean And Efficient Source Of Power Generating Device Using Renewable source of Energy

    • Design And Development of Power Generating Device with maximum possible efficiency.

12. REFERENCES

1. Mr.Sthita Prajna Mishra et.al,A Hybrid System (Solar and Wind) Energy System for Remote Areas, International Journal of Engineering Research And Development, 2012, pp.64-68.

2. J.Godson, M.Karthick et.al Solar PV Wind Hybrid Power Generation System, IJAREEIE, 2013, vol 2.

3. Ashish S. Ingole, Prof. Bhushan S. Rakhonde,Hybrid Power Generation System Using Wind Energy and Solar Energy, International Journal of Scientific And Research Publications, 2015.

4. ]M.k Deshmukh,S.S Deshmukh, Renewable and Sustainable Reviews,2006

5. G.Thilak, S.Prabakaran, G.Sathi ,Design And Analysis of Savonius wind Turbine with magnetic Repulsion, IJARIIE.

6. Mayur Patel,Aditya Thakur et.al,Design,Analysis & Fabrication of Maglev Vertical Axis Wind Turbine,IJIRSET.