Determination of Optimum Binder Content with Polymer Modified Bitumen in BC

Determination of Optimum Binder Content with Polymer Modified Bitumen in BC

1Dixit Sandhya, 2Rastogi Deepak

1ME Student, 2professor

1,2Madhav Institute Of Technology & Science, Dept. of Civil,

Gwalior

Abstract-Plastic is used everywhere in todays lifestyle. It is used for packing, protecting, serving and even disposing all kinds of consumer goods. With the industrial revolution, mass production of goods started and plastic seemed to be a cheaper and effective raw material. Plastic are users friendly but not eco-friendly because they are non- biodegradable and generally it is disposed by way of land filling or incineration of materials which are hazardous. Today, every vital sector of the economy starting from agriculture to packing, automobile, building construction, communication or info tech has been virtually revolutionized by the application of plastics use of this biodegradable product is growing rapidly and the problem is what to do with plastic waste. Studies have linked the improper disposal of plastic to problems as distant as breast cancer, reproductive problems in humans and animals, genital abnormalities. The better way of disposal of waste plastic may be using it in molten state for bituminous road. In the present work an attempt has been made to work out job mix formula for BC mix design in the highways.

1. INTRODUCTION

   In India the road transport carries close to 90% of passenger traffic and 70% of freight transport. Investigations in India and abroad have revealed that a property of bitumen and bitumen mixes can be improved to meet out requirements with additional certain additives called Bitumen modifiers.

   Modified bitumen is expected to give higher life of Pavement. The different types of modifiers used are polymers, natural rubbers and crumb rubber.

   The use of modified bitumen helps in substantially improving the stability, fatigue life, strength and reduced rutting and water damage of bituminous roads under adverse water logging conditions. Therefore the life of the pavement surface course using the modified bitumen is expected to increase substantially in comparison to the use of conventional bituminous mix.

   The effective utilization of the waste plastic bags for the preparation of modified bituminous mix will result in substantial increase in the scrap value for this otherwise undesirable waste material which are getting littered all over the urban areas.

   The concept of utilization of waste plastic in construction of flexible road pavement has been done since 2000 in India. In the construction of flexible pavement, bitumen plays the role of binding the aggregate together by coating over the aggregate. It also helps to improve the strength and life of the road pavement. But its resistance towards water is poor. A common method to improve the quality of bitumen is by modifying the rheological properties of bitumen by blending with synthetic polymers like rubber and plastics.

2. MATERIAL CHARACTERIZATION

   Study involves the aggregate and polymer modified bitumen (PMB-40)

   1. PMB is a material which is obtained by mixing some modifiers like (SBS, PP, PE, EVA, EBA, SBR, etc.) Basic properties are given below (Table-1)

   2. Aggregate

      An aggregate which has good and sufficient strength, hardness, toughness and soundness has to be chosen crushed aggregate produce higher stability. Basic physical parameters of aggregate are show in Table-2

3. OBJECTIVES

   • To conduct the standard tests for the properties of Polymer modified Bitumen.

   • To determine the optimum binder content for Bituminous concrete by Marshall Stability Method.

4. METHODOLOGY

   There are two important process namely dry process and wet process used for bitumen mix flexible pavement.

   1. Dry Process: – For the flexible pavement stone aggregate (170ºc) is mixed with hot PMB (160ºc) and the mix is used for road laying. The aggregate is chosen on the basis of its strength, Porosity and moisture absorption capacity as per IS coding. The PMB is chosen on the basis of its binding property, Penetration value and visco-elastic property. The aggregate, when coated with PMB improved its quality with respect to voids, moisture absorption and

      soundness. The coating of PMB decreases the Porosity and helps to improve the quality of the aggregate and its performance in the flexible pavement.

   2. Wet Process: – Modified Bitumen is mixed with aggregate. A mechanical stirrer is used for mixing. The mixture is heated upto temp. 155 to 160ºc.

5. OPTIMUM BINDER CONTENT: –

   Selection of proper gradation for the mix is one of the most important parameter. Ministry of road transport (MORTH) has given some of the grading specifications for all the bituminous and non-bituminous layers used in road construction. Bituminous concrete (BC) is considered as the wearing course or the surface course. Nominal aggregate size of 19mm and layer thickness of 50-60mm is selected. Grading specification for bituminous concrete course is given in Table- 3.

6. TEST RESULT & DISCUSSION –

   At 5.2 % Binder content

   Density = 2.567 gm/cc

   Air voids (%) = 4.25 (with in specified limit) VMA (%) = 16.80 (Greater than 13)

   VFB (%) = 74.69 (with in specified limit) Stability = 1335 kg (with in specified limit) Flow = 3.5 mm (with in specified limit)

   Optimum binder content obtained for bituminous concrete grade- I mix for PMB was 5.2% as per the specification of MORTH standards.

7. CONCLUSION

   Plastic will increase the melting point of the bitumen . The use of the innovative technology not only strengthened the road construction but also increased the road life as well as will help to improve the environment and also creating a sources of income. Where

   temperatures frequently cross 48ºc and torrential rains create , havoc leaving most of the roads with big potholes. It is hoped that in near future we will have strong , durable and eco-friendly roads which will relieve the earth from all type of plastic-waste.

   The use of waste plastic helps in substantially improving the stability, fatigue life, indirect tensile strength, and reduced rutting & water damage of bituminous mixes under adverse water-logging conditions. Therefore, the life of the pavement surface course using the waste plastic is expected to increase substantially in comparison to the use of conventional bituminous mix.

   The effective utilization of the waste plastic bags for the preparation of modified bituminous mix will result in substantial increase in the scrap value for this otherwise undesirable waste material , which are getting littered all over the urban areas. These waste plastic bags will not therefore be thrown out along with the garbage; instead the same will get collected and sold by the consumers themselves or other agencies due to the attractive scrap value.

   The cost of plastic road construction may be slightly higher compared to the conventional method. However, this should not deter the adoption of the technology as the benefits are much then the cost.

   It is hoped that on completion of the above project waste materials will be put to use in road construction industry, resulting in improved road pavements and also relief from the waste plastic materials being littered all around urban areas.

   From an environmental and economic standpoint , use of waste plastic fibers, as a bitumen modifying agent may contribute to solving a waste disposal probem to improving the quality of road pavements .

   Table- 1: – Properties of PMB- 40 used in Present study

   Sr. no.	Properties	Result	Test Method
   1	Penetration at 25ºc	34.33	IS : 1203 1978
   2	Softening point (R&B)	73.00	IS : 1205 1978
   3	Ductility	78.00	IS : 1208 1978
   4	Flash Point ºc	285	IS : 1209 1981
   5	Sp. Gravity of Binder	1.021	IS : 1202 – 1980

   Table-2: – Properties of aggregate used in present study.

   Sr. no.	Aggregate Test	Test Result Obtained	Requirement as per Table 500-16 of MORTH (5th revision) specification
   1	Crushing value (%)	24.8	Max. 24 (%)
   2	Impact value (%)	11.2	Max. 24(%)
   3	Los Angeles abrasion value (%)	14.87	Max. 30 (%)
   4	Combined Index (%)	19.16	Max. 35(%)
   5	Water Absorption (%) 20mm 10mm Fine Aggregate	0.12 0.23 0.49	Max. 2(%)
   6	Sp. Gravity 20mm 10mm Fine Aggregate Filler	2.983 2.954 2.903 2.43
   7	Stripping value of aggregate (20mm paving & 12.5mm retained)	100%	Min. retained coating 95%

   Table – 3

   Blending For Bituminous Concrete
   Sieve Size In mm	20 mm		10 mm		Fine Aggregate		Filler		Actual Achieve	Permissible Limits
   	% Passing	26	% Passing	28	% Passing	44	% Passing	2	100.00
   26.50	100	26.00	100	28.00	100	44.00	100	2	100.00	100
   19.00	70.56	18.35	100	28.00	100	44.00	100	2	92.35	90-100
   13.20	6.18	1.61	100	28.00	100	44.00	100	2	75.61	59-79
   9.50	1.04	0.27	71.58	20.04	100	44.00	100	2	66.31	52-72
   4.75	0	0.00	4.96	1.39	97.08	42.72	100	2	46.10	35-55
   2.36			0.91	0.25	71.19	31.32	100	2	33.58	28-44
   1.18					48.97	21.55	100	2	23.55	20-34
   0.60					35.45	15.60	100	2	17.60	15-27
   0.30					24.70	10.87	100	2	12.87	10-20
   0.15					13.49	5.94	91	1.82	7.76	5-13
   0.075					3.43	1.51	88	1.76	3.27	2-8

   60.00

   70.00

   80.00

   90.00

   VOIDS FILLED WITH BITUMEN

   8.00

   7.00

   6.00

   5.00

   4.00

   3.00

   2.00

   VOIDS IN MINERAL AGGREGATE

   30.00

   29.00

   28.00

   27.00

   26.00

   25.00

   24.00

   23.00

   22.00

   21.00

   20.00

   19.00

   18.00

   17.00

   16.00

   15.00

   14.00

   13.00

   12.00

   11.00

   10.00

   1500

   1400

   1300

   1200

   1100

   1000

   STABILITY

   2.600

   2.590

   2.580

   2.570

   2.560

   2.550

   2.540

   2.530

   2.520

   2.510

   2.500

   DENSITY

   FLOW IN MM

   DENSITY gm/cc

   VMA

   STABILITY IN KG

   AIR VOIDS %

   VFB

   Table 4

   Observation Summary of Bituminous Concrete
   Sr. No.	Binder Content %	Density gm/cc	Air Voids %	VMA %	VFB %	Stability kg	Flow mm	GMM gm/cc
   1	4.80	2.508	7.08	18.37	61.48	1376	2.10	2.699
   2	4.90	2.526	6.29	17.89	64.85	1333	2.50	2.695
   3	5.00	2.539	5.61	17.54	67.99	1347	2.90	2.690
   4	5.10	2.548	5.10	17.33	70.56	1344	3.10	2.685
   5	5.20	2.567	4.25	16.80	74.69	1335	3.50	2.681
   6	5.30	2.560	4.32	17.11	74.75	1321	3.90	2.676
   Specified Limits as per MORTH table 500-19 & TS		–	3 – 6	Min 13.00	65 75	Min 900	2 4
   Specified Limits as per IRC SP 53 2002		–	3 – 5	Min 13.00	65 75	Min 1200	2.5 – 4

   5.00

   4.00

   3.00

   2.00

   1.00

   FLOW

   AIR VOIDS

   4.50

   4.70 4.90 5.10 5.30

   BINDER CONTENT %

   5.50

   4.50

   5.00 5.50

   BINDER CONTENT %

   4.50 4.70 4.90 5.10 5.30 5.50

   BINDER CONTENT %

   4.50 4.70 4.90 5.10 5.30 5.50

   BINDER CONTENT %

   4.50 4.70 4.90 5.10 5.30 5.50

   BINDER CONTENT %

   4.50

   4.70 4.90 5.10 5.30

   BINDER CONTENT %

   5.50

   DETERMINATION OF OPTIMUM BINDER CONTENT USING OBSERVATION STRIP CHART

   MINIMUM

   FLOW

   FLOW FULL PASS

   STABILITY FULL

   VFB

   VFB PASS FROM FROM 5.0 % TO 5.3 %

   VMA FULL

   AIR VOIDS

   AIR VOIDS 5.00 % TO 5.3 % PASS

   5.2

   5.1

   4.9

   4.8

   DENSITY

   VMA

   STABILITY

   DENSITY FULL

   BINDER CONTENT

   %

   5.0

   5.3

   MINIMUM

   Remarks All the criteria passes between binder content 5.0 % to 5.3 %,

8. REFERENCES

1. Dhodapkar A.N. (Secretary General, IRC,) Dec-2008, Use of waste plastic in road construction. Journal of Indian Highways, vol-6 Issue-1.

2. Gawande Amit et.al , April- june-2012, An over view on waste plastic utilization in asphalting of roads. Journal of Engineering Research and Studies, vol-3, issue-2 PP-01-05.

3. Khanna S.K et.al (2000) Highway material and pavement testing (Laboratory Manual), Nemchand and Bros, Roorkee 2000.

4. Khan Imtiyaz et.al (Sep.2012) Utilization of waste polyethylene material in bituminous concrete mix for improved performance of flexible pavements. Indian Journal of Applied Research, Sep 2012, Vol-1, issue-12, PP-85-86.

5. Kumar Praveen et.al. January. June 2010, Laboratory Studies on Waste Plastic Fiber Modified Bitumen. Highway Research Journal, Vol-3 PP-45-60.

6. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (2001). Specifications for road bridge works Fourth revision Published by Indian Road Congress on behalf of the Government of India.

7. Ministry of Rural Road Development, Guidelines for the use of Plastic waste in Rural Roads Agency.

8. Panda Mahabir et.al (1999), Engineering Properties of EVA- Modified Bitumen For Paving mixes Journal of Materials In civil Engineering ASCE/may 1999.

9. Punith V.S et.al. (2007), Behavior of Asphalt concrete mixtures with Reclaimed Polyethylene as Additive Journal of Materials In civil Engineering ASCE/ June 2007/501.

10. Sabina et.al. (2009), Performance Evaluation of waste Plastic/Polymer Modified Bituminous concrete mixes Journal of scientific and industrial research Vol-68, Nov-2009, PP-975-979.

11. Swami Vidula, May-2012, Use of waste Plastic in construction of Bituminous Road, International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), Vot-4, Issue-5, PP-2351-2355.

12. Vasudeven R. et.al. (Sep.2007), Utilization of waste Polymers for Flexible Pavement and easy disposal of waste Polymers, International conference on sustainable solid waste management, 5- 7 Sep.2007, Chennai India, PP-105-111.

13. Verma S.S., Nov -2008 Road from Plastic waste, Indian concrete Journal, PP-43-44.

14. IS Codes:-

IS : 1203-1978

IS : 1205-1978

IS : 1208-1979

IS : 1209-1981

IS : 1202-1980

IRC: SP: 53 (2010)