Dual-Band Size Deducted Un-Equal Arm Y-Shaped Printed Antenna for Space Communications

Dual-Band Size Deducted Un-Equal Arm Y-Shaped Printed Antenna for Space Communications

Bipadtaran Sinhamahapatra#1, Supriya Jana#2 , Sudeshna Dey#3, Arnab Das #4, Bipa Datta#5, Moumita Mukherjee*6, Samiran Chatterjee^7

#1,2,3,4,5ECE Department, West Bengal University of Technology, Brainware Group of Institutions, Barasat, West Bengal, India

*6Centre for Millimeter wave Semiconductor Devices and Systems, University of Calcutta, West Bengal, India

^7University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India

Abstract In recent years, with the continuous growth of communication service and the constant miniaturization of communication equipment, where printed antennas for their small volumes, low profiles, excellent integration and good performance, is higher demands for the volume of antennas and working band. A dual-band deducted un-equal arm Y-shaped printed antenna is thoroughly simulated in this paper. Resonant frequency has been reduced drastically consists of Y-shaped slot in middle point located from the antenna. More importantly, it is also shown that the differentially-driven microstrip antenna has higher

gain of simulated 4.69 dBi at 6.23GHz and 4.18 dBi at 9.56GHz and beam width of simulated 170.380 at 6.23GHz & 166.1310at 9.56GHz of the printed antenna. Compared to a conventional microstrip patch antenna, simulated antenna size has been reduced by 52.02% with an increased frequency ratio. The initial design and optimization of the printed antenna is operating in X band (8-12GHz).

Keywords Compact, Patch, Slot, Resonant frequency, Bandwidth, Printed Antenna.

1. INTRODUCTION

   In recent years, demand for small antennas on wireless communication has increased the interest of research work on compact microstrip antenna design among microwave and wireless engineers [1-6]. Because of their simplicity and compatibility with printed-circuit technology microstrip antennas are widely used in the microwave frequency spectrum. Simply a microstrip antenna is a rectangular or other shape, patch of metal on top of a grounded dielectric substrate. Microstrip patch antennas are attractive in antenna applications for many reasons. They are easy and cheap to manufacture, lightweight, and planar to list just a few advantages. Also they can be manufactured either as a stand-alone element or as part of an array. However, these advantages are offset by low efficiency and limited bandwidth. In recent years much research and testing has been done to increase both the bandwidth and radiation efficiency of microstrip antennas [7-8].

   Due to the recent interest in Y-shaped printed antenna was developed to meet the need for a

   cheap, low profile, broadband antenna. This antenna could be used in a wide range of applications such as in the space communications or satellite communication. Our aim is to reduce the size of the antenna as well as increase the operating bandwidth. The proposed antenna (substrate with r = 4.4) has a gain of 4.18 dBi and presents a size reduction of 52.02% when compared to a conventional microstrip patch (10mm X 6mm). The simulation has been carried out by IE3D [14] software which uses the MoM method. Due to the small size, low cost and low weight this antenna is a good entrant for the application of C-Band of satellite communication and X-Band for microwave communication. Now this global Ku- band markets have become very expensive, and there is now we started look at X- band.

   The C-band and X-Band defined by an IEEE standard for radio waves and radar engineering with frequencies that ranges from 4.0 to 8.0GHz and 8.0 to 12.0GHz[10] respectively. The X [11-13] band is used for short range tracking, missile guidance, marine, radar and air bone intercept. Especially it is used for radar communication ranges roughly from 8.29GHz to 11.4GHz .In this paper the microstrip patch antenna is designed for use in space communication satellites at 9.56GHz and satellite communication at 6.23 GHz. The results obtained provide a workable antenna design for incorporation in a space communication. When the three satellites located approximately 120 degrees apart in longitude than Deep Space Network (DSN) stations are capable of using the older and lower S-band deep-space radio communications allocations, and some higher frequencies on a more-or-less experimental basis, such as in the X-band. This X band communications includes the spacecraft landers for planet. [15].

2. ANTENNA DESIGN

   The configuration of the conventional printed antenna is shown in Figure 1 with L=6 mm, W=10 mm, substrate (PTFE) thickness h = 1.6 mm, dielectric constant r = 4.4. Coaxial probe-feed (radius=0.5mm) is located at W/2 and L/3. Assuming practical patch width W= 10 mm for efficient radiation and using the equation [6],

   r

   r

   f = c 2W

   × 2 (1+r )

   Where, c = velocity of light in free space. Using the following equation [9] we determined the practical length (L=6mm).

   = Leff 2L

   Where, = 0.412 × (reff+0.3)×(W/h+0.264)

   ( reff 0.258)×(W/h+0.8)

   = r +1 + r 1

   Figure 2: Simulated Antenna configuration

   Figure 2 shows the configuration of simulated printed antenna designed with similar PTFE substrate. The middle point Y-shaped the location of coaxial probe-feed (radius=0.5 mm) are shown in the figure 2.

   2 2× 1+12×

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

   and =

   2 × ×

   Simulated (using IE3D [10]) results of return loss in conventional and simulated antenna structures

   Where, Leff = Effective length of the patch, L/h

   =Normalized extension of the patch length, reff = Effective dielectric constant.

   Figure 1: Conventional Antenna configuration

   are shown in Figure 3-4. A significant improvement of frequency reduction is achieved in simulated antenna with respect to the conventional antenna structure.

   Figure 3: Return Loss vs. Frequency (Conventional Antenna)

   Figure 4: Return Loss vs. Frequency (Slotted Antenna)

   In the conventional antenna return loss of about -7.01 dB is obtained at 13.39GHz. Comparing fig.3 and fig.4 it may be observed that for the conventional antenna (fig.3), there is practically no resonant frequency at around 6.23GHz with a return loss of around -6 dB. For the simulated antenna there is a resonant frequency at around 6.23GHz, where the return loss is as high as -24.725.

   Due to the presence of slots in simulated antenna resonant frequency operation is obtained with large values of frequency ratio. The first and second resonant frequency is obtained at f1= 6.23GHz with return loss of about -24.725dB and at f2 = 9.56GHz with return losses -19.8438 dB respectively.

   Corresponding 10dB band width obtained for Antenna 2 at f1, f2 are 111.0 MHz and 591.1MHz respectively. The simulated E plane and H-plane radiation patterns are shown in Figure 5-16. The simulated E plane radiation pattern of simulated antenna for 6.23GHz is shown in figure 5.

   Figure 5: E-Plane Radiation Pattern for Slotted Antenna at

   6.23 GHz

   Figure 6: H-Plane Radiation Pattern for slotted Antenna at 6.23 GHz

   The simulated H plane radiation pattern of simulated antenna for 6.23 GHz is shown in figure 6.The simulated E plane radiation pattern of slotted antenna for 9.56 GHz is shown in figure 7. The simulated H plane radiation pattern of slotted antenna for 9.56 GHz is shown in figure 8.

   Figure7: E-Plane Radiation Pattern for slotted antenna at

   9.56 GHz

   Figure 8: H-Plane Radiation Pattern for sltted antenna at 9.56 GHz

   The simulated E plane & H-plane radiation pattern (3D) of simulated antenna for 6.23 GHz is shown in figure 9 & figure 10.

   Figure 9: E-Plane Radiation Pattern (3D) for slotted antenna at

   6.23 GHz

   Figure 10: H-Plane Radiation Pattern (3D) for slotted antenna at

   6.23 GHz

   The simulated E -plane & H-plane radiation pattern (3D) of simulated antenna for 9.56 GHz is shown in figure 11 & figure 12.

   Figure 11: E-Plane Radiation Pattern (3D) for slotted antenna at

   9.12 GHz

   Figure 12: H-Plane Radiation Pattern (3D) for slotted antenna at

   9.12 GHz

   The simulated smith chart and VSWR of simulated antenna shown in figure 13 & figure 14.

   Figure13: Simulated Smith Chart for slotted antenna

   Figure 14: Simulated VSWR for slotted antenna

   The simulated E -plane & H-plane radiation pattern (2D) of simulated antenna for 9.56 GHz is shown in figure 15 & figure 16.

   Figure15: E-Plane Radiation Pattern (2D) for slotted antenna at

   9.56 GHz

   Figure 16: H-Plane Radiation Pattern (2D) for slotted antenna at 9.56GHz

   All the simulated results are summarized in the following Table1 and Table2.

   TABLE I: SIMULATED RESULTS FOR ANTENNA 1 AND 2 w.r.t RETURN LOSS

   ANTE NNA STRUC TURE	RESONA NT FREQUE NCY (GHz)	RETURN LOSS (dB)	10 DB BANDWI DTH (GHz)
   Conven tional	f1= 9.80	-4.55	NA
   	f2= 13.39	-7.00	NA
   Slotted	f1= 6.23	-24.725	0.1110
   	f2 = 9.56	-19.8438	0.5911

   TABLE II: SIMULATED RESULTS FOR ANTENNA 1 AND 2 w.r.t RADIATION PATTERN

   ANTEN NA STRUC TURE	RESONAN T FREQUEN CY (GHz)	3DB BEAMWID TH (0)	ABSOLU TE GAIN (dBi)
   Conven tional	f1= 9.80	NA	NA
   	f2= 13.39	NA	NA
   Slotted	f1= 6.23	170.38	4.6974
   	f2 =9.56	166.131	4.1869
   Frequency Ratio for Conventional Antenna				f2 / f1 = 1.366
   Frequency Ratio for Slotted Antenna				f2 / f1 = 1.535

4. CONCLUSION

This paper focused on the simulated design on differentially-driven microstrip antennas. Simulation studies of a single layer monopole hexagonal microstrip patch antenna have been carried out using Method of Moment based software IE3D. Introducing slots at the edge of the patch size reduction of about 52.02% has been achieved. The 3dB beam-width of the radiation patterns are 170.38° (for f1), 166.131° (for f2) which is sufficiently broad beam for the applications for which it is intended.

The resonant frequency of slotted antenna, presented in the paper, designed for a particular location of feed point (1.1mm, -1.7mm) considering the centre as the origin. Alteration of the location of the feed point results in narrower 10dB bandwidth and less sharp resonances.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Moumita Mukherjee wishes to acknowledge Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO, Ministry of Defense), Govt. of India for their financial assistance.

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