- Open Access
- Total Downloads : 33
- Authors : A. Sagaya Bastina, M. Renganathan
- Paper ID : IJERTCONV6IS07022
- Volume & Issue : ICONNECT – 2018 (Volume 6 – Issue 07)
- Published (First Online): 24-04-2018
- ISSN (Online) : 2278-0181
- Publisher Name : IJERT
- License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Flexural Behaviour of Concrete Beams with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Rods
A. Sagaya Bastina 1*, M. Renganathan 2
*1 Student, University College of Engineering, BIT campus, Trichy.
2 Teaching fellow, University College of Engineering, BIT campus, Trichy.
Abstract – The objective of this study is to present the effectiveness of usage glass fiber reinforced polymer GFRP as reinforcement bars in concrete beams. The GFRP reinforced beams indicated higher ductility than the steel reinforced beams. GFRP bars due to their excellent corrosion resistance, high tensile strength, and good non magnetic properties have been proposed for reinforcing concrete structures instead of traditional steel. Therefore, four beams are casted by M30 concrete. The GFRP provided as main reinforcement and HYSD bars provided as hanger bars for two beams. And the GFRP provided as main reinforcement and also hanger bars for next two beams. Analyze and calculate the load and deflection for casted beams. The beams are casted by M30 concrete and investigation for M30 grade of concrete having mix proportion 1:2.03:2.96 with water cement ratio 0.45 to study the compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength. Result data clearly shows the 7 days and 28 days compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength for M30 concrete.
Keywords – GFRP, Flexural Strength, Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength &Deflection
-
INTRODUCTION
-
FRP Reinforcements
Fibre reinforced polymers used as an alternative reinforcement material to steel for new construction. It is used for strengthening and repairing of existing concrete structures. Fiber reinforced polymer sheets and strips are most commonly used techniques. And this is also used for currently flexural and shear strengthening of concrete beams, slabs and columns. Externally bonded fiber polymer reinforcements are high susceptible to damage from fire and temperature, ultraviolet rays, and moisture absorption, collision.
Insufficient protection may reduce the life and durability of the structure.
For structural application, we can use as FRP in two ways.
-
First ways FRP used as a sheet or plate which is to strengthen damage structural member by application of FRP. Retrofitting and strengthening structure member such as beam, column and slab used with external application of FRP are one of the effective method use over a world.
-
Second way FRP used as bars in reinforced concrete member instead of steel bar.
-
-
Flexural Strength
Flexural strength is known as fracture strength and modulus of rigidity and also known as bends strength. Flexural strength is a material property. In a flexure test, it is defined as the stress in a material before it yields. The transverse bending test is most frequently used to flexural strength. Which a specimen can either a circular or rectangular cross-section. In three point flexural test technique, the specimen is bent until fracture or yielding. The material at its moment of rupture, the flexural Strength represents the highest stress experienced.
-
Glass Fiber
The filaments are converted into larger diameter threads are called as Roving process. These threads are used for woven reinforcing glass mats and fabrics. It is also commonly used in spray applications. Fiber fabrics are fabric reinforcing material in web form that have both warped and also in weft directions. Mats are manufactured with chopped fibers in cut direction and in continuous mats, these are using continuous fibers.
The lengths of glass threads are lies between 3 and 26 mm. It is used in plastics and most commonly used for moulding processes. Glass fiber short strands are short between 0.20.3 mm. The strands of glass fibers that are used to reinforced thermoplastics. And it is most commonly used for injection molding.
-
-
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
-
Cement
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) of grade Conforming IS 12269-1987 shown in Table 2.1.
Physical Property
Results
Finess
91%
Normal Consistency
31%
Vicat initial setting time (minutes)
32 min
Vicat final setting time
(minutes)
565 min
Specific gravity
3.1
Table 2.1 Properties of Cement
-
Fine Aggregate
The properties of Fine aggregate are given in below Table 2.2.
-
Coarse Aggregate
The properties of coarse aggregate are given in below Table 2.3.
S.no
Property
Results
1
Particle size, shape
Round , 4.75mm
down
2
Fineness Modulus
4.14%
3
Silt content
1.67%
4
Specific Gravity
2.73
5
Bulking of Sand
4.16%
6
Bulk Density
1793 Kg/m3
7
Water absorption
0.28
Table 2.2 Properties of Fine aggregate
S.no
Property
Results
1
Particle size, shape
Angular,
12mm
2
Fineness Modulus of 20mm
Aggregates
7.13%
3
Specific Gravity
2.66
4
Water Absorption
0.62%
5
Bulk Density of
20mm Aggregates
1497
Kg/m3
6
Flakiness index
21.16%
7
Elongation index
38.22%
Table 2.3 Properties of coarse aggregate
-
High Yield Strength Deformed Bars
The properties of HYSD bars were given in Table 2.4.
S.no
Property
Results
1
Diameter
12 mm
2
Area
113 mm2
3
Load For Yield
48.8 KN
4
Yield Strength
431.4 N/mm2
5
Ultimate Load
64.8 KN
6
Ultimate Stress
573.5 N/mm2
7
Changing
Length
86mm
8
Original Length
600mm
9
Strain
0.14
10
Neck dia
7mm
11
%reduction in area
65.9%
12
% of Elongation
14%
Table 2.4 Properties of HYSD bars
-
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Bars
The properties of HYSD bars were given in Table 2.5.
S.no
Property
Results
1
Diameter
12 mm
2
Area
113 mm2
3
Load For Yield
52.7 KN
4
Yield Strength
466 N/mm2
5
Ultimate Load
72.5 KN
6
Ultimate Stress
642 N/mm2
7
Change in
Length
62mm
8
Original Length
600mm
9
Strain
0.10
10
Neck dia
8mm
11
%reduction in area
55.52%
12
% of Elongation
10%
Table 2.5 Properties of GFRP bars
-
Tests of Concrete
Tests of concrete are
-
Compressive strength test
-
Flexural strength test
-
Split tensile strength test
-
-
Compressive Strength Test
7 days and 28 days compressive strength Was given in Table 2.6.
S.NO
Load (KN)
7 Days (N/mm2)
Load (KN)
28
Days (N/mm2)
1
466
20.71
730
32.44
2
474
21.06
662
29.4
3
458
20.35
680
30.22
Table 2.6 Compressive strength test
-
Split Tensile Strength Test
28 days Split tensile strength was given in Table 2.7.
S.NO
Load
(KN)
28 Days
1
171
2.42
2
157
2.22
3
166
2.35
Table 2.7 Split tensile strength test
Fig 2.1 Compression test for first specimen
Fig 2.2 Compression test for second specimen
-
Flexural Strength Test
Flexural strength was given in Table 2.8.
Days |
Flexural Strength(N/mm2) |
28 Days |
2.8 |
Table 2.7 Flexural strength test
Fig 2.3 Split tensile test for first specimen
Fig 2.4 Split tensile test for first specimen
Fig 2.5 Specimen arrangement for Flexural strength test
Fig 2.6 Flexural strength test
-
Design Of Beam
Total length of the beam is 1500 mm with a rectangular cross section of width 150 mm and depth 200 mm. The beams design is based on IS456. 4 Nos of 12 mm dia bars provided as main reinforcement and 2 Nos of 10 mm dia bars provided as Hanger bars. The stirrups are provided at 125 mm C/C distance. The using grade of concrete is M30 and the grade of steel is fy 500.
-
Experimental Set Up
The deep beams to be tested were placed in the loading frame of capacity 10 tons under two point loading and test set is shown in figure. The end condition of the beam was kept as a simply supported. The load cell was placed in the centre of the beam. Finding the deflection under the one third loading points, the deflectometers were
Placed and dial gauge was placed in the centre of the beam measure the mid deflection.
-
Results And Discussion
Based on the experimental studies conducted on beam reinforced with High yield strength deformed bars and Glass fiber reinforced bars. The following observations can be summarized. It is observed in beam with Glass fiber reinforced bars has a lesser deflection than the normal Fe 415 High yield strength bars. The maximum load has given that is 100 KN for both beams. The two point under loading condition is to be applied.
The load deflection values of both the beams were recorded. The mid span deflection of beam was compared with that of their respective control beams. It was noted that the behaviour of the flexure deficient beam when bonded with GFRP were better than the corresponding control beams. The use of GFRP rods had effect in delaying the growth of crack formation.
The comparison between glass fibre reinforced polymer bars and high yield strength deformed bars were given in Table 2.8.
Load |
Deflection (mm) |
|
HYSD Fe500 |
GFRP |
|
10 |
0 |
0 |
20 |
0.45 |
0.26 |
30 |
0.87 |
0.47 |
40 |
1.98 |
0.73 |
50 |
2.4 |
1.26 |
60 |
3.18 |
1.68 |
70 |
3.6 |
1.9 |
80 |
4.01 |
2.06 |
90 |
4.56 |
2.3 |
100 |
4.81 |
2.73 |
6
4
Load 2
0
Table 5.1 Load and deflection values for HYSD and GFRP bars
Fig 5.1 Beam arrangement for load deflection test
CONCLUSION
-
Basic properties of cement Fine aggregate, Coarse aggregate and GFRP bars were tested and the values were discussed.
-
In cement, finess, normal consistency, initial setting time, final setting time and specific gravity tests were conducted and the results of tests were adequate.
-
In fine aggregate, finess modulus, specific gravity, bulk density, bulking sand, silt content and water absorption tests were conducted and the results of tests were adequate.
-
In fine aggregate, finess modulus, specific gravity, bulk density, bulking sand, water absorption, flakiness index, elongation index and angularity number tests were conducted and the results of tests were adequate.
-
In concrete, cubes, cylinders ad prisms were casted and compressive strength, tensile strength and flexural strength were calculated.
-
GFRP bars tensile strength was calculated by UTM machine. GFRP bars tensile strength more than the HYSD bars. Poissons ratio and tensile modulus values are within the permissible limits.
-
Deflection values are low for Glass Fiber reinforced polymer bars compared to normal High Yield strength bars of Grade 500 depends upon the Load by using loading frame machine.
-
7 days and 28 days strength were calculated and compared the strengthened beams. GFRP reinforced beams have more strength than HYSD reinforced beams.
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Deflection
HYSD Fe500
GFRP
Graph 5.1 Load and Deflection curve
7 REFERENCES
-
Govind Ravish and Deepak Kumar (2015), The use Of GFRP for Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beam (2015), SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering and ISSN: 2348 8352, p. 58-61.
-
N.Pannirselvam, V. Nagaradjane and K. Chandramouli (2009), Strength behaviour of fiber reinforced polymer strengthened beam, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences and ISSN 1819-6608 VOL. 4, p. 34-39.
-
Mehmet Mustafa Onal (2014), Strengthening reinforced concrete beams with CFRP and GFRP, Advances in materials science and engineering, 8 pages.
-
Venu R. Patil (2014), Experimental Study of Behavior of RCC Beam by Replacing Steel Bars with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer and Carbon Reinforced Fiber Polymer, International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Enineering (IJIRAE) ISSN: 2349-2163, Volume 1, Issue 5, p. 205- 209.
-
Rafik K. Abd-ELwahab, Ahmed S. Elamary (2015),Ductile Failure of Concrete Beam Reinforced with GFRP. IJETAE and ISSN 2250-2459,ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 5, and Issue 5.
-
D. H. Tavares, J. S. Giongo and P. Paultre (2008), Behavior of reinforced concrete beams reinforced With GFRP bars, Volume 1, p. 285 295, ISSN 1983-4195.
-
Suzan A.A.Mustafa and Hilal A.Hussan (2017),Behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with hybrid steel and FRP composites, HBRC Journal.
-
Renata Kotynia, Monika Kaszubska and JoaquimA.O.Barros (2017), Shear behaviour of steel or GFRP reinforced concrete beams without stirrups, High tech concrete meet, p.769-777.
-
Saleh Hamed Alsayed (1998),Flexural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP bars, Cement and concrete Composites, Volume 20, Issue 1, p. 1-11.
-
Mathieu Robert, Patrice Cousin and Brahim Benmokrane (2009),Durability of GFRP Reinforcing Bars Embedded in Moist Concrete, Journal of composites for construction, p. 66- 73.
-
Jatoth Prudhvi Raj Naik, B.Mahasenadhipathi Rao & B.Shiva Sambi Reddy (2013), Experimental Test on Gfrp-Epoxy Composite Laminate for Mechanical, Chemical & Thermal Properties, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320- 334X, Volume 8, Issue 6, P 47-52.
-
S.M.Hasanur Rahman, Karam Mahmoud and Ehab el salakawy (2017),Behaviour of Glass fiber reinforced polymer reinforced concrete continuous T beams, Journal of Composites for Construction Volume 21, Issue 2.
-
M.N.Habeeb and A.F Ashour (2008),Flexural behavior of continuous GFRP reinforced concrete beams, Journal of Composites for Construction, Volume 12, Issue 2.
-
Woraphot Prachasaree, Sitthichai Piriyakootorn, Ahawit Sangrijun and Suchart Lim katanyu (2015),Behavior and performance of GFRP reinforced concrete columns with various types of stirrups, International Journal of polymer Science, 9 pages.