ICT Force Towards The Indian I.T. Software Entrepreneurship

ICT Force Towards The Indian I.T. Software Entrepreneurship

Sheela Bhatt

Research Scholar Suresh Gyan Vihar University

Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the role and impact of Information on Communication Technologies towards the Indian I.T. Software Industrial sector. It surveys to examine the factors influencing the Indian I.T. Software Entrepreneurship. It searches for indicators effecting the professional environment and investigates if the Indian I.T. Software Entrepreneurs or Organizations are successful in achievement of a good Professional Development.

Throughout the study, only Primary data is used. Structured Questionnaire Module is set. Cluster sampling and Random sampling is used. Sampling frame is South India. Data collection methods are: Mails, Interviews and Schedules. Source list comprises of important Indian Software Entrepreneurs/Organization. A Pilot Testing is undertaken. To meet objectives, hypothesis test is applied. For statistical analysis, multivariate regression, Analysis of Variance and Factor Analysis is used. Test Statistics F, t is also used. For coding and computations, a suitable statistical software and Microsoft Office Excel along with embedded Q1Macros 2012 is used.

Key Words: Information on Communication Technologies, Indian, IT, Software, Factors, Industry, indicators, achievements, Entrepreneurship, Sector.

OVERVIEW

This paper comprises of 6 chapters in all. Chapter 1 is introduction to ICT and the Objectives of the paper. Chapter 2 is about the review of literature. Chapter 3 is about the methods used. Chapter 4 deals with Coding, Observations, Results and Discussion. Chapter 5 is towards meeting the objectives of research. Chapter 6 is bibliography.

1. Introduction to ICT and objectives of this paper

   1. Familiarity with ICT

      ICT or Information on Communication Technologies has become an essential tool for the technical, economic, or social improvement of any country in the modern world today. Hence, it is embraced by all developing countries. Today, ICT related area is one of the most leading area of research . It can be viewed as an integrated term. It is also considered as an interdisciplinary area of research. India has also embraced ICT for its economic, social and technical growth.. ICT buzz includes, ICT towards education, ICT towards Women empowerment, ICT for Child Development, ICT towards Health and Pharmacy, ICT towards libraries, poverty eradication, rural development , agriculture, industrial promotion, unemployment and ICT towards Software Industries . ICT tools have shown its increasing impulse as a global force. Above all, it is equally important how a country frames the policies and strategies and how it implements ICT Tools for its own benefit.

   2. Objectives of research

      1. Objective A. To study the Impact, importance and achievement of ICT towards the Indian IT Industry, particularly the Software Entrepreneurship, by focusing towards Professional development.

      2. Objective B. To point out that knowledge is a factor of production and reveal that knowledge in the field of I.T. had developed the concept of Entrepreneurship.

2. Review of literature

   1. Proximities and innovation evidence from Indian Information Technology industry in Bangalore

      The paper by Florian Arun Taeube [1] has a hypothesis that some Indian regions are more apt to economic development and innovation due to their higher affinity to education and learning as well as their more general openness.

      2.2 Software industry and India's economic development

      The Case of the Indian Software Industry is a research project report [2] submitted to the Sloan Foundation jointly by Arora, Ashish Athreye, Suma.

      1. Assessing Software reuse in Indian Information Technology companies: A structural equation modelling approach

         The paper by Padmanav Chary and Biswajit Mahanty [3] discusses on access to software reuse in Indian technology firms. Software reuse generates a lot of interest amongst the cross-section of people in the industry. The article [4] reviews the present status of software reuse practices in the Indian information technology firms.

      2. Role of NASSCOM

      NASSCOM under the aegis of Ministry of Commerce, Government of India had initiated a Project called NASSCOM's India-Europe Software Alliance (NIESA).

      2.5 Performance, challenges and opportunities of Indian software export India has emerged as an IT Super power, especially in the field of software and related services export. The paper [ 5] by Asheref Illiyan throws light on this.

3. Materials and methods

   1. Types of data

      1. Primary Data. Our main study is based only on the primary data.[6]

         A Pilot Testing of the Questionnaire was conducted and there after, the required changes were made in the questionnaire.

      2. Secondary Data. This is collected through articles, research papers, journals, Indian e- Readiness Assessment reports, Reports from Indian Government Departments and Centres [7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12], Software Technology Parks of India [13], News [14], NASSCOM publications [15].

         Table 1. Details of primary data collection

         				MODULE 1	MODULE 2
         Data collection Methods				Mailing Interviews Schedules	Mailing Interviews Schedules
         	Sa	mple		60 (Out of 75 respondents, only 60 responded).	32
         	size
         Sampling technique				Cluster Sampling.	Random Sampling
         Type of universe				Finite Population	Finite Population
         Sampling design				Informal experimental design (Before-and- after without control design) Formal experimental designs (Simple Factorial Design,Latin Square Design )	Informal experimental design (Before-and-after without control design) Formal experimental designs (Simple Factorial Design Latin Square Design )
         Sampling unit				Bangalore	South India
         Source list				Important Indian IT/ Software Companies / Entrepreneurs	Important Indian IT/ Software Companies/Entrepreneurs

         1. Methods/tools used

            The following other statistical tools are used and multivariate analysis is also done .

            • Mean, Mode, Standard deviation,

              variance, covariance and correlation are used as tools for statistical measures.

            • ANOVA

            • Factor Analysis (Principle Component method is used to extract factors of interest)

            • Latin Square design is used to compute Covariance matrix/Correlation matrix.

            • Multivariate Regression

            • Hypothesis Testing is set to meet the objectives of the research study

            • For further hypothesis testing we use F

              statistic and /or t statistic.

         2. Other materials used

         SPSS and Excel is used. Q1 Macros 2012 incorporated/embedded with Microsoft Works (Excel) has also been used for further analysis and computations.

4. Coding, observations, results and discussion

   1. Coding to compute important statisticl measures of variables

      The Data Base File is Processed in SPSS. Computations have been done using both SPSS and Q1 Macros 2012.

      1. SPSS syntax and Output to generate the various statistical measures.

         Output Created	03-Dec-2012 11:03:38
         Comments
         Input Data	C:\Users\baby\Documents \RANKA1_NUMRC.SAV_1.sav
         Active	DataSet1
         Dataset
         Filter	<none>
         Weight	<none>
         Split File	<none>

         Output Created	03-Dec-2012 11:03:38
         Comments
         Input Data	C:\Users\baby\Documents \RANKA1_NUMRC.SAV_1.sav
         Active	DataSet1
         Dataset
         Filter	<none>
         Weight	<none>
         Split File	<none>

         Table 2. SPSS coding notes

         No. of	60 User-defined missing values are treated as missing. Statistics are based on all cases with valid data. FREQUENCIES VARIABLES =X9 X10 X11 X12 X14 X15 /STATISTICS=STDDEV VARIANCE MEAN MEDIAN MODE /ORDER=ANALYSIS. 0:00:00.016 0:00:00.017
         Rows in
         Working
         Data File
         Missing Definition
         Value of Missing
         Handling
         Cases Used
         Syntax
         Resources Processor
         Time
         Elapsed
         Time

      2. Output

         Table 3. Statistics of the various factors

         	Vari able	Va lid	Me an	Std . Er ror of Me an	Med ian	Mo de	Std. Devia tion	Vari ance
         	X9	60	6.0	.26 9	6.0	4	2.083	4.339
         	X10	60	8.8	.23 4	10.0	10	1.811	3.281
         	X11	60	9.6 5	.12 1	10.0	10	.936	.875
         	X12	60	8.0 7	.22 5	8.00	8a	1.745	3.046
         	X14	60	9.9 3	.05 8	10.0	10	.446	.199
         	X15	60	9.6 7	.12 3	10.0	10	.951	.904

         4.2. Observations

         Frequencies of Rank wise Salary Satisfaction of the variables

         Table 4. Rank wise satisfaction of variables

         RANK	X9	X10	X11	X12	X14	X15
         4	24	0	0	0	0	0
         5	4	4	0	4	0	4
         6	8	8	0	8	0	0
         7	8	0	0	12	4	0
         8	12	12	12	16	4	4
         9	0	0	4	0	4	4
         10	0	32	37	16	44	44
         Missing	4	4	7	4	4	4
         Total	60	60	60	60	60	60

         Let the variable X9 = RANK WISE SALARY SATISFACTION.

         The higher the rank the more the salary satisfaction. It has found that no respondents contribute for ranks less than 4. That is 40% of the respondents have 40% of salary satisfaction. Only 20% of respondents have 80% salary satisfaction.

         Figure1. Graph of salary satisfaction

         Let the variable X10 = RANK WISE LEISURE SATISFACTION.

         It has found that no respondents contribute for rank less than 5. 53.3% of the respondents seem to have full 100% leisure satisfaction.

         Figure 2 Graph of leisure satisfaction

         Let X11= Relationship with colleagues. 62% of the respondents seem to have 100% satisfaction with their colleagues relationship.

         Figure 3. Relationship with colleagues

         Let the variable X12 = the factor RELATIONSHIP WITH BOSS..It has found that no respondents contribute for ranks less than 4.Only 26.7% of the respondents are fully satisfied with their relationship with Boss. Again 26.7 % of them have 80% satisfaction with their Boss relationship.

         Figure 4. Graph of relationship with boss

         Let the variable X14 = the factor TEAM CO- ORDINATION . It has found that no respondents contribute for ranks less than 7. 73.3% of the respondents are fully satisfied (100%) with their Team Co-ordination.

         Figure 5. Graph of team co-ordination

         Let the variable X15 = the factor

         PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENT.

         It has found that 73.3% of respondents report for having 100% satisfaction with their Professional Environment.

         Figure 6. Graph of professional environment

5. Meeting the objectives

   1. Objective A

      To study the Impact, importance and achievement of ICT towards the Indian IT Industry, particularly the Software Entrepreneurship.

      To meet this objective, we shall implement Test 1 comprising the testing of a set hypothesis.

      1. Test 1. To meet this objective, we shall study the impact of ICT towards the Professional Development of the Indian IT Software Entrepreneurs. Hence we set the testing hypothesis as follows:

         H0: Indian IT Software Entrepreneurs are unsuccessful or lack behind to show the positive impact of ICT achievements towards the Professional Development of their Organization.

         The following steps are involved.

         • To compute the rank wise correlation between the variables.

         • To determine the covariance matrix.

         • To perform ANOVA

         • To use a Test Statistic ( F or t statistic )

         • To Construct a linear multiple regression Model

         • To test the set Hypothesis .

         • Results

           We construct a regression model with factor Y = Professional Development as the Dependent variable.

           The variable names are as follows: X9 = Salary satisfaction; X10 = Leisure Satisfaction ; X11 = Relationship with Colleagues; X12 = Relationship with Boss; X4 = Team Co-ordination and X15 = Professional Development.

           The following model is regressed using SPSS statistical software. ANOVA and other results are summarized/tabulated.

           Table 5. Covariance matrix for computation of total variance

           Cov. X9 X10 X11 X12 X14 X15

           X9	55.04	-8.96	-21.76	10.24	-23.36	-24.96
           X10	-8.96	93.44	119.04	39.04	114.24	115.84
           X11	-21.76	119.04	170.24	37.44	167.04	167.04
           X12	10.24	39.04	37.44	45.44	34.24	31.04
           X14	-23.36	114.24	167.04	34.24	167.04	165.44

           X15 -24.96 115.84 167.04 31.04 165.44 167.04

           SYNTAX:

           DATASET ACTIVATE DataSet1.

           CORRELATIONS

           /VARIABLES=X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 X15

           /PRINT=TWOTAIL NOSIG

           /MISSING=PAIRWISE.

           REGRESSION

           /MISSING LISTWISE

           /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS CI(95) R ANOVA

           /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10)

           /NOORIGIN

           /DEPENDENT X15

           /METHOD=ENTER X10 X11 X12 X13 X14.

           Table 6. Correlation matrix

           	X9	X10	X11	X12	X13	X14	X15
           X9	1	.485**	.191	.597**	.584**	.308*		.285*
           X10	.485**	1	.118	.304*	.487**	.197		.399**
           X11	.191	.118	1	.367**	.756**	.629**		.663**
           X12	.597**	.304*	.367**	1	.528**	.626**		.636**
           X13	.584**	.487**	.756**	.528**	1	.586**		.724**
           X14	.308*	.197	.629**	.626**	.586**	1		.815**
           X15 N	.285*	.399**	.663**	.636**	.724**	.815**		1
           	60	60	60	60	60	60		60

           Regression

           Table 7. Regression variables

           Model	Variables Entered	Variables Removed	Method
           1	Team Co-Ordination, Leisure Satisfaction, Relationship with Colleagues, Relationship with Boss, Relationship with Team Membersa	.	Enter

           a. All requested variables entered.

           Table 8. Model summary

           Model	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate
           1	.884a	.781	.761	.670

           a. Predictors: (Constant), Team Co-Ordination, Leisure Satisfaction, Relationship with Colleagues, Relationship with Boss, Relationship with Team Members

           Table 9. Variable coefficientsa

           Model	Un standardized Coefficients		Standa rdized Coeffi cients	t	Sig.	95.0% Confidence Interval for B
           	B	Std. Error	Beta			Lower Bound	Upper Bound
           1 (Constant)	– 6.68	2.548		-2.624	.011	– 11.794	-1.578
           Leisure	.122	.061	.162	1.993	.051	.000	.245
           Satisfactio
           n
           Relationsh	.220	.172	.150	1.279	.206	-.125	.566
           ip with
           Colleagues
           Relationsh	.096	.069	.122	1.391	.170	-.042	.234
           ip with
           Boss
           Relationsh	.510	.398	.166	1.283	.205	-.287	1.308
           ip with
           Team
           Members
           Team Co-	.742	.141	.515	5.265	.000	.460	1.025
           Ordination

           a. Dependent Variable: Professional Environment

           Table 10. ANOVAb

           Model	Sum of Squares	df	Mean Square	F	Sig.
           1 Regression	86.663	5	17.333	38.564	.000a
           Residual	24.270	54	.449
           Total	110.933	59

           a. Predictors: (Constant), Team Co-Ordination, Leisure Satisfaction, Relationship with Colleagues, Relationship with Boss, Relationship with Team Members

           Using tables, the critical values at 5% confidence level and 1% confidence level of F(5,59) is less when compared to a high computed value of F

           =38.564.That is, we reject the null hypothesis. Result1 of Test 1.. Indian IT Software Entrepreneurs are successful in showing a positive impact of ICT achievements towards the Professional Development of their Organization.

   2. Objective B

      To point out that knowledge is a factor of production and reveal that knowledge in the field of I.T. had developed the concept of Entrepreneurship.

      The following two graphs are sufficient enough to prove that knowledge is a factor of production and reveal that knowledge in the field of I.T. had developed the concept of Entrepreneurship.

      1. Purpose of Internet Use

         Figure 7. Purpose of internet use

      2. Internet Use Has Made Life Easier

         Figure 8. Internet use has made life easier

         Result 2. A Strong Agreement of the respondents towards the fact that ICT Applications are required for their present job and also that their life has become easier due to these applications further support to meet this objective. Hence we conclude that knowledge is a factor of production and reveal that knowledge in the field of I.T. had developed the concept of Entrepreneurship.

6. Bibliography

1. Proximities and Innovation: Evidence from Indian IT industry in Bangalore, by Florian Arun Taeube

2. The Software Industry and India's Economic Development Wider Discussion Paper No. 2001/20 Ashish Arora and Suma Athreye

3. Assessing software reuse in Indian information technology firms: a structural equation modelling approach Padmanav Acharya, Biswajit Mahanty page 255-275 DOI: 10.1504/IJISE.2010.035011

   International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering 2010 Vol. 6, No. 3 pp. 225-275, Padmanav Acharya, Biswajit Mahanty.

4. International Journal of Industrial and Systems Engineering 2010 – Vol. 6, No.3 pp. 255 275 [5]Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology © 2005 – 2008 JATIT. 1088 Performance, challenges and opportunities www.jatit.org

1. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, Potential of Information on Communication Technology towards the Success of the Indian IT Software Industry, by Sheela Bhatt, Dr.S.S.Sarangdevot www.ijceronline.com

2. India: E-Readiness Assessment Report 2005

3. Annual Report 2009-10 of the Department of Information and Technology, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology

4. Annual Report of 2009-10 of the Department of Telecommunication, Ministry of

Information and Communication Technology [10]Reports of Annual Survey of industries for different years DRUID Working Paper No 04-10

1. Report No. 509 of the 62nd round survey of National Sample Survey Office

2. Official Website of the Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation of

   Government of India, www.mospi.nic.in

3. Software Technology Parks of India (STPI), Hyderabad

   • Department of Information Technology, Govt. of India

   • Standardisation, Testing & Quality Certification (STQC)

   • MIT Accreditation of Computer Courses (DOEACC)

   • IT & Communication Dept., Govt. of AP, AP Technology Services (APTS), Govt. of AP

   • AP Online, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh Institute of Electronic Governance HITEC City, Hyderabad

   • International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad

   • Hyderabad Software Exporters Association (HYSEA)

4. http://www.economictimes.com/today/03feat3.htm [15]http://www.nasscom.org