Implementation of Random Byte Hiding algorithm in Video Steganography

Implementation of Random Byte Hiding algorithm in Video Steganography

S.Aswatp, K.Akshara2, P.Pavithra2, D.S.Abinaya2

Asssisant Professor1, Student2 (IV Year) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

TRP Enginnering College,Irungalur,Trichy-621105.

Abstract-

Steganography is an art of hiding secret information inside a cover information. The challenge is how strong the hiding procedure is built. Here a novel algorithm is presented where the secret video is hidden inside a cover video using Random Byte Hiding technique. Additional frame is added after each frame that indicates the secret message pixel value called Map frame. Map frame is hidden in the cover video by LSB technique. Thus the proposed RBH is double secured when compared with other techniques like LSB, DWT, DCT. MATLAB is used to simulate the result.

Keywords: RBH, secret message, cover video, steganalysis, stego- video.

1. INTROCDUCTION

   Steganography is the hiding of secret message within an ordinary message and the extraction of it at its destination[1]. Steganography takes cryptography[2]a step father for hiding an encryption message so that no one can suspect it exists. Ideally anyone scanning your data will fail to know, it contains encrypted data.

   Cryptography is the practice and study of secure communication. The unauthorized person cannot read the data.

   stegano means covered or protected and graphia means writing.

2. VIDEO STEGANOGRAPHY

   They are two methods in video steganography,

   1. Frame to frame conversion (spatial domain) [3]

   2. Converting frames into frequency domain (frequency domain)[4]

      Video steganography is classified into two types as lossy[5]and lossless steganography[6]. Lossless- secret and cover message can be retrieved without any errors or modification. Lossy- secret message can be retrieved absolutely while the cover message may have some errors or distortion.

      In lossless steganography technique, the messages can be send and receive safe. Video files cannot be hacked. The original video and message file can be retrieved without any loss after encryption and decryption of steganography.

      In lossy steganography, the data can be stored at LSB location or particular pixel value. For example, JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) format files offers high compression, but may not maintain the original images integrity hence it is called lossy steganography.

3. TECHNIQUES IN VIDEO STEGANOGRAPHY

1. DCT:

   The discrete Cosine transform (DCT) transforms [7] the image from spatial domain to frequency domain. DCT separates the image into spatial sub-bands with respect to its visual quality. i.e., high, middle and low frequency components.

   In DCT based technique, DCT coefficients are obtained for the given carrier image. The secret data is embedded in the carrier image for DCT coefficients lower than the threshold value. To avoid visual distortion embedding of secret information is avoided for DCT coefficients Value 0.

   There is a major disadvantage of DCT. i.e., while the input from preprocessed 8×8 blocks are integer valued, the output values are typically real-valued. Thus there is a need of quantization step to make some decisions about the values in each DCT block and produce output that is integer-valued.

2. DWT:

9. Video that have hidden message is generated by integrating all frames that contains hidden information into a video.

Cover Video

Discrete wavelet transform (DWT)[8], which transforms a discrete time signal to a discrete wavelet representation. The DWT is because of inherent multi-resolution nature, wavelet-coding schemes for applications where scalability and tolerable degradation are important.

Lifting scheme of DWT has been recognized as a faster. The basic principle is to factorize the poly-phase matrix of a wavelet filter into a sequence of alternating upper and lower triangular matrices and diagonal matrix. Applications of DWT can be medial application, signal de-noising, data compression, image processing. It operates at a maximum clock frequency of

99.197 MHZ.

The disadvantage of DWT is that greater complexity and resources required to perform the computation in memory time or signal in the frequency domain. The theory is difficult to understand and more difficult to interpret the results.

1. LSB:

   Secret information is embedded into the cover image pixel values by spatial domain technique and LSB is one among

   Cover Videos Frame

   Determine FrameSize

   LSB Technique

   Frame Encryption

   Video that have Hidden Message

   Secret Video

   Frame

   Bit Stream

   the spatial domain image steganography[9]. The LSB is the least significant bit in the byte value of the image pixel. It is a simple embedding. Perceivable by average human vision is less when compared with precision level of many image formats. It will create some alterations in the color image. In this LSB technique, one message byte can be held by four bytes of pixel the rest of the bits in the pixels remain same.

   The algorithm for encryption in LSB based steganography technique is,

   1. Frame size of cover video is identified.

   2. Secret videos message is rearranged into bit stream.

   3. Bit stream is rearranged into small group of row and column size bit groups.

   4. Hidden message portion is rearranged with respective hidden pattern.

   5. Frames are extracted from cover video.

   6. Encrypt the messages in LSB of each frames pixel.

   7. Finish encryption then go to step 4

   8. Form the rules for the extraction of frames for the receiver and put it on first frame.

Fig: steganography encoding for LSB technique

Decoding is the reverse process of encoding or encryption process. The algorithm for decryption in LSB based steganography technique is,

1. Read the video that has hidden or secret message

2. Frames are extracted from the video.

3. From the first frames rules is read (for example., frames that contain message, number of message per frames).

4. Eliminate frames that does not have hidden or secret message in the frames.

5. In frame, by extracting the least bit of each pixel decrypt the small messages.

6. If the decryption process is not completed go to step 5.

7. Bit stream is rearranged to byte stream.

8. By specific format integrate the message.

9. Secret message can be generated.

   Video that have Hidden Message

   All frames are extracted

   Extract bits by

   LSB

   Message bits are merged

   Secret message

   Eliminate frames

   after data is

   collected

   Algorithm for the encryption in random byte hiding technique can be written as,

   1. Read the cover video.

      Eliminate frame that doesnt have hidden message

   2. Identify the frame size of cover video.

   3. Read the secret video and determine its frame size.

   4. Extract each frames from the cover video and read it.

   5. Encode the secret message into each frame by random byte hiding technique.

   6. A new frame is added after each cover video frame to map the storing pixel value of secret video messages.

   7. That the new frame (map) is hidden into the cover video by LSB technique.

   8. Then the stego-video (secret video is hidden inside cver video) is generated.

Cover video

Secret video

Fig: steganography for decoding using LSB technique

The major disadvantage of LSB technique is that the decryption can be very easy and there is no high level of security in this technique.

1. RANDOM BYTE HIDING TECHNIQUE:

   In random byte hiding technique (RBH)[10], the secret information is hidden in each frames at different pixel value. For example, the secret video frames are retrieved and the secret frame first pixel say ppis added with some y value and store

   y+pp in the cover videos frame value. i.e., storing the y+pp value in s pixel value in cover videos frames. (y+pp=s). For example, 260+50=310. The y value should beabove 255(a bit higher than the logical bit level). This s pixel value can be stored in some new frame that is added after every frame in the cover video while hiding the secret video frames. This additional frame is called map. Because the map directs the decryption of the secret video from the cover video. The map is then encrypted using LSB technique in the cover video. So that the security level will be double and it will be hard to decrypt the secret message from the video.

   In lossless steganography, specific location is needed to store the hidden information or message and it will take some valuable time to run the algorithm. Because of the delay in the run time the real time application is somewhat harder to implement and the system specification is responsible.

   In lossy steganography, the information or message is stored in LSB or at some specific location of the pixel. So the implementation of lossy steganography in real time application is feasible in the normal system specification.

   Frames

   Size

   Frames

   Random byte hiding technique

   Map frame in LSB technique

   Video with secret message

   Fig: Encoding in video steganography with RBH

   1st frame

   Video with secret video

   Cover video .

   2nd frame

   Frames

   Decrypt with RBH

   Map

   Decrypt with

   LSB

   Nth frame

   Fig: Separation of frames from cover video

   Frames as video

   Secret video

   Secret video .

   1st frame

   2nd frame

   Fig: Decoding in video steganography with RBH

   ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION TIMING ANALYSIS:

   Technique	DCT	DWT	LSB	RBH
   Encryption timing (in seconds)	116.14	94.87	76.16	88.21
   Decryption timing (in seconds)	132.41	102.24	81.25	90.78

   Encryption in RBH is hard to decrypt when comparedwith other steganography techniques and the encryption and decryption time is also less in RBH technique.

   Nth frame

   Fig: Separation of frames from the secret video

   Algorithm for the decryption in random byte hiding technique can be written as,

   1. Stego-video is read.

   2. Frames are extracted from the stego-video.

   3. Map is decoded with least significant bit method.

   4. Decode the frames by random byte hiding technique.

   5. Put all the decrypted pixel values and extract the secret information or message as frames.

   6. Frame the secret frames as video.

   7. Then the cover video and secret video is retrieved.

Fig: Encryption and decryption timing analysis of

various steganography techniques.

First Step Of Encryption:

RBH

Cover video frame

Secret video frame

Fig: Encryption process using RBH techniques.

Map frame

Second Step Of Encryption:

LSB

Encrypted frame

1. CONCLUSION:

   Steganography is the secured way of communication. There are many hiding techniques like DCT, DWT, LSB and random byte hiding technique and it is not necessary to use a technique that is already exist. In this proposed method the encrypted video is doubly secured and the receiver who knows the decryption methodology can only decrypt the secret video from the cover video. No one knows the secret video is inside the cover video. Thus the hybrid system uses the high security and the secret video is retrieved.

2. REFERENCES

Fig: Encrypting the map frame into encrypted frame in LSB technique

Decryption:

LSB

RBH

Fig: Decryption process from the encrypted video frames

IV COMPARISON TABLE:

The below table describe the analysis of various steganography techniques like DWT, DCT, LSB and RBH.

Fig: comparison of various steganography technique

.

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