Improvement of Clayey Soil using Rice Husk Ash and Coconut Shell

Improvement of Clayey Soil using Rice Husk Ash and Coconut Shell

Guruprashanth N

Department of Civil Engineering, JIT, Davangere, India

Sharath R

Department of Civil Engineering JIT, Davangere, India

Subhash G

Department of Civil Engineering JIT, Davangere, India

Preethi H N

Department of Civil Engineering JIT, Davangere, India

Yamuna U M

Department of Civil Engineering JIT, Davangere, India

Abstract: Soil change is that the progression that plans with adjusting the properties of soil (record and planning) to help its show. Change is getting used for a spread of planning works either in its not unexpected kind or in a very taken care of type. At last all plans lay on soil foundation any spot the most objective is to widen the strength or steadfastness of soil and to diminish back the progression cost. At this moment everyday the usage of aftereffect with soil has obtained thought because of the rising issues of waste organization. This paper presents the eventual outcomes of accomplice in nursing preliminary program embraced to separate the impact of Rice husk trash and coconut shell and at absolutely remarkable estimation on Clayey soil. Direct of soil was seen through various estimations of blend of rice husk flotsam and jetsam, and coconut shell. The introduction of Rice husk trash, and coconut shell stable soil was surveyed double-dealing physical and strength execution tests specifically; water content test, express gravity test, grain size assessment, liquid end test, changed delegate test, California bearing extent test, direct shear test. These checks were driven to condemn the improvement inside the strength credits of the soil.

Keywords: Rice husk ash, coconut shell Clayey soil, Soil stabilization

1. INTRODUCTION

   Soil is one of the world's most huge customary resource, alongside air and water it is fundamental for life on planet earth. Soil is a characteristic body that contain layers (soil horizons) made in a general sense out of mineral, which fluctuate from parent materials in their superficial part, plan, uniformity, assortment, compound, regular and other genuine characteristics.

   In planning, soil is implied as regolith, or free stone materials. When in doubt, soil is the significance of regolith that effects and has been impacted by plant lays out and may in centimeters

   to a couple of meters. On volume a good quality soil is one that is 45% minerals (sand, sediment and earth), 25% water, and 25% air, 5% natural material both live and dead.

   1.2 STABILIZATION OF SOIL

   1. soil stabilization

      The modification of soil properties to meet explicit designing necessities is known as "Soil adjustment". There are basically two types of progress Modification and Stabilization. Soil adjustment is the change of soil properties to further develop the designing exhibition of soils. Alteration of soil properties is the brief upgrade of sub level strength to speed up development.

   2. Methods of soil stabilization

      There are various techniques by which soils can be balanced out; nonetheless, all strategies fall into two general classifications. They are,

      Mechanical stabilization. Chemical admixture stabilization.

      Some adjustment strategies utilize a blend of these two techniques. Mechanical adjustment depends on actual cycles to settle the dirt, either changing the actual piece of the dirt (soil mixing) or putting a hindrance in or on the dirt to get the ideal impact, (for example, laying out a grass cover to forestall dust age). Compound adjustment depends on the utilization of an admixture to change the synthetic properties of the dirt to accomplish the ideal impact (like utilizing lime to lessen a dirt's pliancy).

2. OBJECTIVES

   • To study the basic properties of clayey soil.

   • To study basic properties of rice husk ash and coconut shell.

   • To study optimum dosage of rice husk ash and coconut shell required for the stabilization of clayey Soil.

3. METERIALS AND METHODOLOGY

   1. Materials used

      The various materials utilized in this examination are,

      1. Clayey soil: Clayey soil is only dark Cotton soil which is far reaching in nature. The top surface of the dirt was cleared with every one of the natural squanders and different strips materials. The top soil was uncovered up to a profundity of 1.5 feet and afterward the dirt was gathered.

         Fig No:1 Black Cotton Soil

      2. Rice husk ash: Rice husk debris is singed cellulose and lignin are eliminated abandoning silica debris, The controlled temperature and climate of consuming yields better nature of rice husk debris.

   Fig No:2 Rice Husk Ash

   Coconut Shell: The mesocarp is made out of a fiber, called coir, which has numerous Traditional and business utilizes. Both the exocarp and the mesocarp make the husk of the coconut, while the endocarp makes coconut shell.

   • Liquid limit test – IS 2720 Part-5, 1985.

   • Plastic limit. IS: 2720 (Part 5)-1985

   • Standard Proctor Compaction IS 2720 Part-8, 1983.

   • Direct shear test of soil. IS 2720 (Part 13) 1986

     Table No-1: Table showing on basic soil test conducted result

     Basic soil test	Result
     Water contents test	22.97%
     In-situ density by core cutter	1.90
     Pycnometer test to determine specific gravity	2.25
     Liquid limit	59.59%
     Plastic limit	26.2%
     Compaction test	1.29
     Direct shear test	0.45
     Permeability test	0.0035

     Standard proctor test:

     Compaction is the course of densification of soil mass by decreasing voids. The degree of compaction of a soil is assessed concerning its dry Density. For a given compaction energy every soil achieves the best dry thickness at a particular water content which is known as ideal clamminess content.

     OMC and MDD: not entirely set in stone by the compaction test. Every one of the compactions were completed with Standard delegate device. For the assurance of dampness thickness relationship, it included energy got from a mallet of 2.5Kg mass tumbling from a level of 31 cm in a 2250 mm³ shape. Each layer is compacted in three layers with the end goal that each layer getting 25 blows.

     Fig No:4 Standard proctor test

     Table No-2: Table Showing admixtures adding in Clayey soil and rice husk ash by light compaction

     B.Methodology

     Clayey soil + Rice husk ash	Maximum dry density (MDD)	Optimum moisture content (OMC)
     2%	1.23	16%
     4%	1.24	16%
     6%	1.38	18%
     8%	1.25	20%

     Fig No:3 Coconut Shell

     Following research center tests have been do according to IS: 2720. The test were completed both on regular soil and balanced out soil with dark cotton soil, Rice husk debris coconut shell

   • Water content test IS 2720 Part 2, 1973.

   • Grain size analysis IS 2720 Part 4, 1985.

   • In-sit density by Core cutter. IS 470 (Part 29) 1975

   • Specific gravity IS 2720 Part-3, 1980.

   Fig No:5 Graphical variation 2% Rice Husk Ash

   Fig No:6 Graphical variation 4% Rice Husk Ash

   Fig No:7 Graphical variation 6% Rice Husk Ash

   Fig No:8 Graphical variation 8% Rice Husk Ash

   Direct shear test:

   A prompt shear test is a lab or field test used to measure the shear strength properties of soil or rock material, or of discontinuities in soil or rock masses. The soil model undisturbed model is prepared by pushing a cutting ring of size 10 cm in expansiveness and 2cm high, in the undisturbed soil test got from the field. The square illustration of size 6cm X 6cm is the cut from the indirect model so procured

   .

   Fig No:9 Direct Shear Test apparatus

   Fig No:10 Graphical variation 2% Rice Husk Ash

   Fig No:11 Graphical variation 4% Rice Husk Ash

   Fig No:12 Graphical variation 6% Rice Husk Ash

   Fig No:13 Graphical variation 8% Rice Husk Ash

   Table No-3: Coefficient of Curvature and Angle of internal friction of Direct shear test

   Clayey soil + Rice husk ash	Coefficient of Curvature	Angle of internal friction
   2%	0.10	30
   4%	0.16	30
   6%	0.10	30
   8%	0.42	30

   California bearing ratio test:

   CBR is the extent imparted in degree of force per unit locale expected to enter a soil mass with a standard traffic circle unclogger of 50 mm width at the speed of 1.25 mm/min to that normal for looking at entrance in a standard material. The extent not altogether made due with penetration of 2.5 and 5 mm results gained by these tests are used with the trial twists to conclude the thickness of black-top and its part layers.

   Fig No:14 California bearing ratio test

   Fig No:15 Graphical variation 2% Rice Husk Ash

   Fig No:16 Graphical variation 4% Rice Husk Ash

   Fig No:17 Graphical variation 6% Rice Husk Ash

   Fig No:18 Graphical variation 8% Rice Husk Ash

   Table No-4: California bearing ratio test in pentration 2.5 mm and 5mm percentage

   Clayey soil+ Rice husk ash	2.5mm Penetration in percentage	5mm penetration in percentage
   2%	3.41	2.50
   4%	1.74	1.41
   6%	1.02	0.75
   8%	1.43	1.39

   Table No-5: Table Showing admixtures adding in Clayey soil, rice husk ash and coconut shell by light compaction

   Clayey soil + Rice husk ash+coconut shell	Maximum dry density (MDD)	Optimum moisture content (OMC)
   4%	1.192	16%
   6%	1.185	14%

   Fig No:19 Graphica variation6% Rice Husk Ash+4% coconut shell

   Fig No:20 Graphical variation 6% Rice Husk Ash+6% coconut shell

   Fig No:21 Graphical variation 6% Rice Husk Ash+ 4% Coconut shell

4. CONCLUSION

   Clayey soils when mixed with Rice husk debris and coconut shell are extremely encouraging to work on the geotechnical properties of soil.

   Clayey soil with rice husk debris by utilizing standard delegate trial of expanding esteem 6%.By the OMC esteem is 18% and MDD esteem is 1.38 g/cc.

   Clayey soil with rice husk debris by utilizing Direct shear test.The shear pressure esteem expanding of 8%

   Clayey soil with rice husk debris and coconut shell by utilizing standard delegate trial of expanding esteem 4%.By the OMC esteem is 16% and MDD esteem is 1.192 g/cc.

5. REFERENCES

[1] Mr.Chemeda Alemu Tadesse Stabilization soil have a high tendency of swelling and shrinking behavior on seasonal variations; its volume increases during a rainy season and decrease of during dry season.The effectiveness of lime coconut shell powder for expensive soil subgrade stabilization Issue 2-4-2018.

[2] Kannadason.R Jose Rvindra Raj.B Effect of partially replacement of coconut shell and rice husk ash.International journal of emerging technologies research (IJETER), Issue 4,April (2017).

[3] Shwetha Prasanna,Prasanna kumar Soil reinforcement using coconut construction published 2017.

[4] AthiraT,Ashish Johnson, Sowmya Krishnankutty Expansive soil stabilization using coconut shell and lime.International journal of engineering research and technology (IJERT) Issue 3-3-2017.

[5] Oyediranl.A. Strength characteristics of genetically and different rice and coconut husk ash compacted shales. international journal of GeoEngineering.pp.1-14,2015.

[6] Sabana S.K Study on CBR values of soil with crushed coconut shells, international journal of advanced engineering technology, 5.(3),pp.5558,2014.

[7] S. Chakraborty S.P and B. C. Chattopadhya, Improvement of sub grade by lime and rice husk ash admixtures, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 3(4), 1103411040 (2014).

[8] D. K. Rao,Stabilization of expansive soil with rice husk ash, lime and gypsum an experimental study International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 3(11), 80768086 (2012).

[9] Mohammed Y.Fattah,Falah H.Rahil et,al (2013):Rice husk ash is a pozzolanic material that could be potentially used in soil stabilization, through it is moderately produced and readily available. When rice husk ash burnt under controlled temperature, ash is produced and about 17%-25%

[10] 10..D. K. Rao,Stabilization of expansive soil with rice husk ash, lime and gypsum an experimental study International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. 3(11), 80768086 (2012)

[11] J.R. Stabilization of poor lateritic soils with coconut husk ash,international journalof engineering research 1(8),pp.1-9,2012.

[12] Kenneth Candido, et al., (2016): The study evaluated the effects of Coconut Husk Ash (CHA) as a stabilizer of fine-grained soil for

subgrade/subbase purposes. The CHA with size less than No. 200 sieve with a specific gravity of 0.66 was able to improve soil strength parameters

[13] Arunav Chakraborty, et al., (2016): The worldwide problem of expansive soils is a threat to civil engineers. They are considered a potential natural hazard, which can cause extensive damage to structures

[14] ASTM D 2166, (2000), Standard Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, pp. 16. 6.

[15] ASTM D 2435, (2002), Standard Test Methods for One- Dimensional Consolidation Properties of Soils, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.08.