Investigation on Structural Properties of Concrete Modified by the Addition of Metakaolin

DOI : 10.17577/IJERTCONV6IS06015

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Investigation on Structural Properties of Concrete Modified by the Addition of Metakaolin

Feba Ray Jacob

Dept. of Civil engineering Sree Buddha college of Engineering

Pathanamthitta India

Aswathy S Kumar

Dept. of Civil engineering Sree Buddha college of Engineering

Pathanamthitta India

Abstract – Nowadays, deterioration of concrete structures is one of the major problems of the construction industry. The application of geogrids in concrete constitutes a new dimension for using geosynthetics in infrastructure. Modern techniques are evolved and applied for effective strengthening and retrofitting methods .the aim of this thesis is to study the behaviour of large-scale RC walls strengthened using the wire mesh-epoxy composite. Geogrid is a new material used as reinforcement in structural members therefore it is necessary to identify the benefits and feasibility of using geogrids in concrete. A geogrid is geosynthetic material used to reinforce soils and similar materials. Geogrids are commonly used to reinforce retaining walls, as well as subbases or subsoils below roads or structures. Metakaolin is a dehydroxylated form of the clay mineral kaolinite. Stone that are rich in kaolinite are known as china clay or kaolin, traditionally used in the manufacture of porcelain. The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of concrete walls with geogrid as reinforcement in the M40 concrete all with Metakaolin for partial replacement of cement.

Keywords Retrofiiting,Metakaolin,Biaxial,Geogrid, kaolinite

    1. NTRODUCTION

      Nowadays, deterioration of concrete structures is one of the major problems of the construction industry. Modern techniques are evolved and applied for effective strengthening and retrofitting methods .the aim of this thesis is to study the behaviour of large-scale RC walls strengthened using the wire mesh-epoxy composite. Concrete is a heterogeneous material made by the mixture of cement, fine and coarse aggregates, and water. Proportion of these constituents affects the mechanical and durable properties of concrete. Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world. It is a heterogeneous material made by the mixture of cement, fine and coarse aggregates, and water; the proportion of these constituents affects the mechanical and durable properties of concrete. Also it is a versatile material due to the continuous demand. In recent years, lot of researches has been focused on im0proving the quality of concrete.

      1. OBJECTIVES

        The main objectives of this study are:-

        • To design M40 grade concrete as per IS 10262:2009

        • To investigates the strength development of concrete with the addition of Metakaolin

      2. PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION PROPERTIESOF CONSTITUENT MATERIALS

        Table 1 :Grain Size Distribution of Fine Aggregate

        IS Sieve size

        Weight retained

        on each sieve (g)

        Percentage retained on

        each sieve (g)

        Cumulative

        % retained on each sieve

        %

        finer

        4.75mm

        16

        1.6

        1.6

        8.4

        2.36mm

        95

        9.5

        11.1

        88.9

        1.18mm

        185

        18.5

        29.6

        70.4

        600µ

        132

        13.2

        42.8

        57.2

        300µ

        284

        28.4

        71.2

        28.8

        150µ

        198

        19.8

        91

        9

        Pan

        90

        9

        100

        0

        120

        100

        80

        Upper

        limit

        60

        40

        20

        0

        Obtai

        ned value

        Lowe

        r limit

        0.1

        1

        Sieve sizes (mm)

        10

        % finer

        Fig 1 :Gradation curve of fine aggregate

        Table 2 : Properties of fine aggregate

        Properties

        Obtaine d value

        IS

        specification

        IS code

        Grain size distribution (Fineness)

        Zone II

        Zone I, II, III

        for R C structures

        IS 383:1970

        Bulk density (kg/m3)

        1734

        IS 2386:1963

        part3

        Specific gravity

        2.60

        IS 2386:1963,

        part3

        Table 3 : Grain size distribution of coarse aggregate

        IS Sieve size

        Weight retained on each

        sieve (g)

        Percentage retained on each

        sieve (g)

        Cumulative

        % retained on each sieve

        % finer

        25mm

        26

        2.6

        2.6

        91.4

        20mm

        244

        24.4

        27

        73

        16mm

        418

        41.8

        68.8

        31.2

        12.5mm

        280

        2.8

        96.8

        3.2

        10mm

        26

        2.6

        99.4

        0.6

        6.3mm

        6

        0.6

        100

        0

        4.75mm

        0

        0

        0

        0

        Properties

        Obtained value

        IS

        specification

        IS code

        Grain size distribution (Fineness)

        Maximum size 12.5mm, 91.05%

        passing through 12.5mm sieve size

        Table 2, IS

        383:1970

        IS 383:1970

        Bulk density (kg/m3)

        1541.92

        IS 2386:1963

        part3

        Specific gravity

        2.62

        IS 2386:1963

        part3

        Fig 2.Gradation curve of coarse aggregate Table 4 : Properties of coarse aggregate

        1. Chemical Admixtures

          Admixtures are natural or man manufactured chemicals which are added to the concrete before or during mixing. They increase the efficiency of cement paste by improving workability of the mix and there by resulting in considerable decrease of water requirement.

          Different types of chemical admixtures are:

          • Air entraining agents

          • Retarders

          • Accelerators

          • High Range water reducers (HRWR) or Super plasticizers The advantages of Master Glenium Sky 8233 are:

          • Elimination of vibration and reduced labour cost in placing

          • Imparts higher modulus of elasticity

          • Improved adhesion to reinforcing and stressing steel

          • Better resistance to carbonation and other aggressive atmospheric conditions

          • Lower permeability

          • Increased durability

          • Reduced shrinkage and creep

          The performance test data of Master Glenium sky 8233 are shown in Table

          Table 5: Performance test data

          Aspect

          Light brown liquid

          Relative density

          1.08± 0.01 at 25°C

          pH

          6

          Chloride ion content

          < 0.2%

          Fig 3: Super plasticizer

          B.Mineral Admixture

          The mineral admixture used for replacing cement by different percentages in this study is metakaolin. It is typically a highly effective pozzolanic material.The properties of metakaolin is shown in Table below.

          Table 6: Properties of Metakaolin

          Property

          Specifications

          UOM

          LSL

          USL

          Appearance

          Off white powder

          visual

          pH value

          4

          6

          Numbers

          SiO2 content (%)

          52

          54

          %

          Bulk Density

          0.4

          0.5

          Kg/lit

          Al2O3

          44

          46

          %

          TiO2

          0.8

          1

          %

          Fe2O3

          0.6

          0.8

          %

          Specific gravity (g/cc)

          2.5

          2.6

          Gm/cc

          Moisture

          0.5

          1

          %

          Lime Reactivity

          750

          1000

          Mg/gm

      3. MIX DESIGN

        The mix proportion for M40 grade concrete is arrived through different trial mixes. Trial mixes are prepared done by using the properties obtained from various material tests and as per recommendations of IS 10262:2009. The mix is selected for hand place concrete and slump of 90mm. The detailed mix design is provided in Appendix A.

        Mix id

        Age in days

        Flexural strength

        0.5%

        28 days

        3.92

        0.6%

        4.29

        0.75%

        4.775

        The mix proportion for M40 grade concrete is shown in Table below.

        Cement

        3

        (kg/m )

        Fine Aggregate

        3

        (kg/m )

        Coarse Aggreg

        ate

        3

        (kg/m )

        Water (ml)

        Super plasticizer

        (%)

        Quantity

        350

        695.44

        145.8

        140

        0.5

        350

        695.44

        145.8

        140

        0.6

        350

        695.44

        145.8

        140

        0.75

        Ratio

        1

        1.98

        3.56

        0.4

        Table 7: Details of M40 mix design

        Table 8:Different slump obtained for different SP %

        Mix id

        W/c ratio

        Super plasticizer (% )

        Slump obtained

        M1

        0.4

        0.5

        70mm

        0.4

        0.6

        75mm

        0.4

        0.75

        90mm

        A.Tests On Hardened Concrete

        Based on the proportion obtained from the mix design, concrete mix was prepared for determining the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength of hardened concrete. The main purpose of testing hardened concrete is to check the concrete used has developed the required strength.

        Table 9 : Compressive strength of M40 concrete mix

        %

        of SP

        7th day ((N/mm2)

        14th day compressive strength (N/mm2)

        28th day compressive strength (N/mm2)

        0.5%

        19.77

        29.02

        32.85

        0.6%

        23.59

        33.75

        39.1

        0.75%

        27.72

        38.71

        46.2

        Table 10: Split tensile strength of M40 concrete mix

        Mix id

        Age in days

        Split tensile strength

        0.5%

        28 days

        2.328

        0.6%

        2.886

        0.75%

        3.31

        Table 11 :Flexural strength of M40 concrete mix

        B.Results And Discussions

        From the workability test on fresh concrete and strength tests on hardened, it is obtained that the required target strength is achieved for M3 mix. So mix M3 is the selected mix. Mix proportion and mix ratio of selected mix is shown below in Table below.

        Table 12:Mix proportion of selected mix

        Materi al

        Cemen t (kg/m3)

        Fine Aggregat e

        (kg/m3)

        Coarse Aggreg ate (kg/m3)

        Wate r (ml)

        Super plasticize r

        (%)

        Weight (kg/m3)

        350

        695.44

        145.8

        140

        0.75

        Ratio

        1

        1.98

        3.56

        0.4

        0.00214

      4. EXPERIMENTAL INVSTIGATION ON CONCRETE MIXES WITH METAKAOLIN

        From the previous chapter, the mix which give required target strength of M40 grade concrete is selected. In order to determine the optimum quantity of Metakaolin which give maximum compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength mixes were prepared by partially replacing cement by different percentages of Metakaolin. Three mixes were prepared by partially replacing cement by 15%,20% and 25 % of Metakaolin.

        Table 13 :Compressive strength of cubes with partial replacement of Metakaolin

        %

        of MK

        7th day compressive strength (N/mm2)

        14th day compressive strength (N/mm2)

        28th day compressive strength (N/mm2)

        20%

        28.56

        38.13

        49.74

        60

        50

        40

        30

        20

        10

        0

        15 % M.K

        20% M.K

        25% M.K

        7 day 14 day 28 day

        Fig 4:Graphical representation of cube compressive strength of various mixes with age

        Table 14: Flexural strength of beam with partial replacement of Metakaolin

        % of MK

        sample

        Age in days

        Flexural strength

        Average

        20%

        1

        28 days

        4.36

        4.63

        2

        5.10

        3

        4.44

        6

        4

        15%

        20%

        2

        25%

        0

        28 day

        Fig 5: Graphical representation of beam flexural strength of various mixes with age

        Table 15:Split tensile strength of cylinder with partial replacement of Metakaolin

        % of MK

        sample

        Age in days

        Split tensile sength

        Average

        20%

        1

        28 days

        4.62

        4.5

        2

        4.52

        3

        4.36

        4.55

        4.5

        4.45

        4.4

        4.35

        4.3

        4.5

        15% 20%

        25%

        28 day

        Fig 6: Graphical representation of cylinder split tensile strength of various mixes with age

      5. CONCLUSIONS

Preliminary investigation of fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, cement and Metakaolin were carried out as per IS specification .Mix design of M40 grade was carried out.Optimum of super plasticizer – 0.75% of cement.Optimum of Mk – 20 % of cement .

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I am thankful to my guide, Asst. Professor, Aswathy S Kumar in Civil Engineering Department for her constant encouragement and able guidance. Also I thank my parents, friends etc. for their continuous support in making this work complete.

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