Investigational Study of Nozzle Design by CAD Method and Performance Analysis in Motorcycle Engine

Investigational Study of Nozzle Design by CAD Method and Performance Analysis in Motorcycle Engine

Sundarapriyaa.N

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Angel college of Engineering and Technology, Tiruppur, India

Saravanakumar. S

Shofiya Shalini.D Department of Mechanical Engineering,

Angel college of Engineering and Technology, Tiruppur, India

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Angel college of Engineering and Technology, Tiruppur, India

Abstract Nozzle may be a unit wont to transfer the K.E. from the thermo chemical energy created within the combustion chamber. It converts hot temperature and air mass gas into temperature and depression gas. Nozzle converges the pressure gas to supply high speed, that emerges the aircraft to fly higher.CD Nozzles are utilized in dominant the flow and also the rate of flow and momentum that happens from them. By this investigation, the generator meter check was applied to the image model of the nozzle to research the performance of the bike engine.

Keywords- Nozzle expansion Ratio, Ansys, Air fuel Ratio, Dynamo meter, Back pressure

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Draw the half portion of the CD nozzle with the specified dimensions given in Table 1. Make sure that the sketch drawn is closed completely and dimensions are precise while modeling. The closed part is now revolved with respect to the central axis to complete the nozzle surface.

Table 1: Dimensions of the Convergent – Divergent Nozzle

INTRODUCTION

Nozzle is a device used to convert the heat energy produced into high velocity energy. It converts the gas of low velocity into gas of high velocity. These mach regimes constitute to be subsonic, sonic, supersonic and hyper sonic regimes. The nozzle type mainly depends on the outlet velocity of the flow through nozzle and its design. The main applications of the nozzle covers majority of the engineering, chemical and medical fields. However. The design and optimization of the duct is considered prior, to attain high efficiency and low work stream.

Dynamo meter is a unit used to calculate the force, torque and power. For instant, the power produced by an engine, can be deliberated by concurrently torque and rotational speed measurement. The power absorption unit of the device absorbs the power developed by the machine. This power absorbed is then converted into thermal energy, which generally vanishes into the atmosphere. The dynamo meter should be able to operate at any rotational speed and should withstand the load to either level of torque that requires to test..

1. MODELLING

   The design and modeling of Convergent-Divergent Nozzle is done using CATIA software. The ANSYS fluent Software is used to carry out the Analysis section of the nozzle. Ansys Fluent is widely used to carry out the fluid flow used simulation works. The modeling and analyzing of the nozzle was referred [3].

   This paper focuses on the simulation work which is carrying out by employing a suitable turbulence modeling method.

   Fig-1: Sectional view of the nozzle at 110 angle of divergence

   The experiment is then repeated by varying the divergent angle and exit radius and keeping the length of the nozzle as constant. The following table prescribes the Expansion Raton of the nozzle with the respective divergent angle and exit radius.

   Divergence Angle (deg)	Exit Radius (mm)	Expansion Ratio
   5	9.73074	1.5342
   9	11.38174	2.0262
   11	12.5476	2.4026
   15	13.8303	2.84
   20	15.9512	3.6172

   Table 2: Exit Radii & Expansion ratios for different Divergence angles

   The nozzle modeled in CATIA is imported to Ansys Workbench 18.2 where the solver chosen is Ansys fluent. As the nozzle flow simulation is an internal flow type, there is no further construction of geometry is required.. Meshing is done after modeling and importing of the design by giving respective details in ANSYS and the details are given in Table 3.

   Table -3: Details and Sizing inputs of a mesh

   Physics Preference	ANSYS
   Solver Preference	Fluent
   Advanced size function	On: Proximity & Curvature
   Relevance centre	Fine
   Smoothing	High
   Maximum element size	1.1781e-004m
   Growth rate	1.850

   Depending on the type of fluid used, the material input and properties are given. In our analysis, the air is used as gas and the properties are given in Table 4.

   Table-4: Material input and Properties for Air

   Thermodynamic Properties
   Equation of State	Ideal gas (Air)
   Molar mass	28.96 Kgk/mol
   Specific heat Capacity	1004.4 J/KgK
   Transport Properties
   Dynamic Viscosity	1.831e-05 Kg/ms
   Thermal Conductivity	0.0261 W/mK

   After window pop up as the Result is completed normally, the Post Processing stage is undergone with the contour plots as shown in Figures 3 and 4.

   Fig-2: Generated Nozzle for 110 angle of divergence

2. ANALYSIS

   The tool used to fluid flow analysis is ANSYS 18.2 and the solver chosen is Ansys fluent. The Energy, Momentum and Continuity equations are the main equations used to solve for the solution. To find the solution theoretically, Reynolds Averaged Navier Strokes (RANS) equations are used generally. But, a numerical method must be used to replace the RANS equations with the algebraic approximations for the real fluid flow problems.

   Fig-3: Mach Contours for 110 divergence angle

   Fig-4: Pressure Contours for 110 divergence angle

3. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

   The Designed and fabricated CD Nozzle is then replaced with the ordinary exhaust system of the moppet and the results are comparatively taken using Chassis Dynamo meter.

   The Test was carried out by replacing the ordinary exhaust system in the moppet with our CD Nozzle type exhaust. Initially, no filter and catalytic convertor was attached in the exhaust to analyze the exhaust flow as it is.

   Fig.4 Chassis Dynamometer with CD Nozzle type exhaust

   The dyno consists of a metallic frame of 60 x 60 mm that is fitted in the ground with the help of rubber feet. The front wheel is hold by the rubber piece on its sides. The 325 mm diameter iron is used as the roller. The mooring is done in the roller so that no othr is required. The central band in the roller helps in tractioning the wheel. The front and top vies of the chassis dynamometer is taken from [17] and the figure is shown in fig.5

   Fig 5: Front and top view of the roller in chassis dynamometer

   The moppet is hold in the Dynamometer and the connections are given to the display. By giving acceleration, a graph can be attained for time to torque, horsepower and engine RPM. In this performance analysis, the graph for both the normal moppet exhaust system and CD Nozzle exhaust system was shown.

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

   The graph of time to torque, horsepower and engine RPM for both the convergent (CD Nozzle) and Divergent (Ordinary exhaust) respectively are shown in Figure .6

   Fig 6: Graph between Time to Horsepower, Torque and Engine RPM

   The graph of time to Km-h , Engine RPM and Torque are as

   Shown in figure 7

   Fig.7.1 The graph plotted between time(s) and Km-h

   –

   Fig.7.2 The graph plotted between time(s) and Engine RPM By comparing the above two exhaust systems, the engine RPMs are 12,030 and 10,100 for CD Nozzle and Divergent Exhaust respectively. The Torque for CD Nozzle and Divergent Nozzle are 10.8 Nm and 5.2 Nm respectively. And the total engine is given to be 10.8 CV and 5.5 CV for our exhaust and default exhaust respectively.

5. CONCLUSION

   From this analysis we have done, the following conclusions have been drawn.

   • The Engine maximum RPM is obtained by using the special exhaust of lower cc automobile.

   • The torque achieved is higher when compared to the existing exhaust.

   • The horsepower is increased while using the special exhaust system.

   Thus this paper concludes that, the engine performance, torque and power will be increase while using this special type exhaust.

6. REFERENCE

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