IOT Based Smart Traffic Management System

IOT Based Smart Traffic Management System

Traffic Management System

Rachana K P1

Dept. of ECE, GSSSIETW Mysore, Karnataka

Aravind R2 Assistant Professor, Dept. of ECE,

GSSSIETW Mysore, Karnataka

Ranjitha M3, Spoorthi Jwanita4, Soumya K5

Dept. of ECE 3, 4, 5

Abstractwith growing populace and no of motors on road, the site visitors may be predicted to be excessive and control ofthat site visitors manually may be greater difficult. This task is to offer help to the site visitors policemen through developing an interconnection among the motors primarily based totally on cloud connection in order that the site visitors may be monitored automatically.

Additionally, automatic ignition primarily based totally at the biometrics permits simplest the customers with allowable license to drive. Violation and site visitors offences are effortlessly captured and fined primarily based totally at the wide variety plate of the car and presently logged in user. In case of injuries or emergencies, nearest ambulance will acquire notification consisting of the closest clinic with all required information so the docs can take movement as required or create an alert to folks that set GPS on excessive congestion zones to deviate to a low congestion direction until truly necessary.

INTRODUCTION

The wide variety of motors on the street has risen dramaticallyin current years. Congestion is a growing trouble that everybody offers with on an everyday basis. Manual site visitors manage through site visitors law enforcement officials has now no longer established to be effective. A version is designed to efficiently clear up the above noted troubles through the usage of Internet of Things (IOT). A community ofsensors is hired to hint the quantity of motors and the site visitors congestion on the intersections on a road, and rerouting can be primarily based totally at the site visitors density at theroute's lanes.

A clever city's site visitors control device is essential. In the modern troubles of the world, city mobility is one of the most important troubles, mainly in metropolitan cities. Previous webpage site visitors manipulate systems had been now not as lots because the venture of dealing with the growth in web page sitevisitors on the roads. The purpose of this take a look at is to advise an Internet of Things-primarily based totally clever site visitors control device and a decentralized method to optimize site visitors at the roads and shrewd algorithms to control all site visitors conditions extra due. The faults of in advance site visitors control structures are addressed on this counseled device. The approach makes use of site visitors density facts from cameras that has been abstracted. As an end result of the Digital Image Processing generation and sensor facts, the output is sign administrated. With the

speedy upward thrust of the population, tracking and controlling site visitors congestion has emerged as a chief concern. Increased

• to find the path for emergency condition in ambulance.

• Traffic violators are apprehended and taken to thepolice station.

  Identify and vehicle numbers purpose a slew of issues, along with time and gasoline waste, air and sound pollution, or even mortality from trapped emergency motors. The Internet of Things(IOT) and facts analytics are used on this studies to create an actual time site visitors control device(TMS).

  Objective:

• IOT based traffic management

• Easy penalize traffic violators and helpofficials identify unauthorized drivers.

• Reroute the ambulance to the low congestion roads tohelp get medical care at the earliest.

1. PROBLEM STATEMENT

   Lack of an efficient Traffic management to replace the faulty and inefficient manual system leading to congestion and for critical emergency vehicles.

2. EXISTING SYSTEM

   Traffic congestion mainly focuses on the signals failure, reduced law enforcement and improper traffic management. Because the existing foundation cannot be expanded further, the only option is to improve traffic management. As a result, the window of opportunity to effectively address traffic congestion has passed. Many ways have been developed to manage traffic

   and reduce congestion. Infrared sensor, inductive loop detection, video data analysis, wireless sensor network, and other are used to somewhat solve the congestion in the traffic and to manage the traffic smartly.

3. SCOPE

   • An IOT based real-time traffic monitoring system is proposed for dynamic handling of traffic signals basedon traffic density.

   • Provides a real-time dashboard to monitor the traffic updates.

   • This can save their time expansion for reaching the proposed destination and can prevent the loss of human life up to great extent.

1. LITERATURE SURVEY

   1. Internet of Things-Smart Traffic Management System for Smart cities using Big Data Analytics (IEEE,2017) Author: Abida Sharif, Mudassar Khalil Summary: proposes a low-cost future STS to provide better service by deploying traffic instant update. Every 500 meters, low-cost vehicle detection sensors are installed in the middle of the road. Internet of Things (IOT) is being used to attain publictraffic data quickly and send it for data processing. For Big Dataanalytics, real-time streaming data is sent. There are a number of analytical scriptures that can be used to measure traffic density and propose solutions using predictive analytics. Usingcutting-edge technology such as the Internet of Things and Big Data. App-based traffic updates, state of road-based vehicle strength, and other features are user- friendly. Interaction provided by using these technologies approach is to completely IoT based vehicle information gathering system. Intel IoT kit with all the latest capabilities and sensors for vehicle detection. Connected the sensors based on our criteria deploy on road ½ km or 1 km and more it depends best is to deploy very near distance forgetting better results. At least five sensors are linked together and interact with a single IoT kit. All of the kits are connected to the network, which allows them to share information over the Internet. It continues to look for automobiles and sends changes to the big data storage and analytics system. It gets sensor data together with the sensor Id.Compute all of the data while running analytics procedures. For determining individual sensor strength and adding each other sensor entry, as well as leaving vehicle information road capacity, a variety of criteria are taken into account. Every 500 meters, low-cost vehicle-detecting sensors are shown in the middle of the road.

   2. IoT based dynamic road traffic management for smart cities (IEEE,2015) Author: Syed Misbahuddin Summary: All metropolitan cities face traffic congestion problems especially in the downtown areas. By utilizing information and communication technologies, ordinary cities can be turned into "smart cities" (ICT). The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has the potential to play a significant role in thedevelopment of smart cities. This study provides IoT-based traffic management solutions for smart cities, in which traffic flow can be dynamically regulated by onsite traffic cops via their smart phones, or can be monitored and controlled centrally over the Cyber Sever. We utilized the holy city of Makkah in Saudi Arabia as an example, where traffic behavior alters dynamically due to constant pilgrim visits throughout the 12 month. As a result, in addition to the existing traffic control systems, Makkah city requires special traffic control algorithms. However, the proposed approach is generic and can be implemented in any Metropolitan city without losing its generality.

   3. IOT Based Network traffic prediction(IEEE,2019) Author: Ali R Abdellah

      Summary: Internet of Things (IoT) is a network of interconnected devices, such as sensors and Smart gadgets with processing, sensing, and communication capabilities, as well asthe ability to transfer data to each other and a central

      console through the Internet. For any data network, network traffic prediction is a critical operational and management function. In today's increasingly complex and diversified networks, it plays a critical function. For IoT networks to deliver dependable connectivity, network traffic prediction is also more crucial. The artificial neural network (ANN) has been used to predict traffic with great success. In this paper, we use Time Series NARX Feedback Neural Networks to anticipate IoT traffic time series using a multistep ahead prediction method. The estimation error of a prediction approach has been evaluated using the performance functions MSE, SSE, and MAE, besides, another measure of prediction accuracy the mean absolutepercent of error.

   4. Integrated Smart Transportation using IOT at Jakarta(IEEE,2019) Author: Septia Redisa Sriratnasari Summary: reviewed incorporated visitors control in Jakarta Various strategic techniques had been explored and carried out, inclusive of odd-even registration code visitors coverage in Jakarta. Its carried out earlier than Asian Games 2018 andprolonged since

      January 2nd, 2019. The end result for the primary 3 months after the implementation became given wonderful tousle public transportation. The use of public transportation enhancement is one approach to create Jakarta as a clever town. Smart town improvement may be supported with the aid of using growing a clever transportation gadget. The time period clever town is a city improvement primarily based totally on statistics era thru involvement with the aid of using citizen and stakeholder. Other addition, clever towns are city regions which have incorporated statistics and communique era in every day governance, with the purpose of improving efficiency, enhancing public services, and enhancing people's welfare. In Indonesia, Jakarta and numerous huge towns have started to undertake clever town concepts, inclusive of Surabaya and Bandung. The Ministry of Transportation helps the idea of a clever town or clever town mixed with the software of ITS (Intelligent Transport System) with inside the transportation sector. The software of ITS as Advanced Traffic Signal Control Systems(ATSCS), that's a gadget that controls visitors density indicators in actual time, Electronic Toll Collecting System (ETCS), specifically the implementation of toll bills the usage of a unique On-Board Unit (OBU) tool, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Bus Information Management System (BIMS), that's imparting actual time bus arrival statistics Agency (BPTJ), Moovit and Trafi specificallyan incorporated public delivery statistics software in Jabodetabek.

      III. METHODOLOGY

      The cloud contains all the information in the database which has information like users, vehicles, Traffic offences, Safe limitfor each Road, Locations of each vehicles and roads etc. The network of these Vehicles is stored to identify and authorize and also track their features like conditions, driving range, max speed, safety measures etc. The officials are given premium benefits to monitor the vehicle registrations, available users, incoming applications, traffic violence and offence, and traffic flow. These officials can access and modify the blockage of routes in case of a VIP patrol or any

      other unavoidable closures in the road and the users can choose an alternate route. The alert is used to notify all possible commutes near the blocked road and hence congestion can be avoided. Traffic offences- like riding without a helmet, speeding over the safe limit etc. can be captured through the devices which identifies the number plateof the vehicle and the currently logged user is penalized based on the governance fines. Other traffic devices include signal lights, Digital Speed meter Boards etc. These can be modified based on traffic status in the road under consideration or route under commute. A rerouting algorithm is crafted to deviate ambulances to low congestion position based on network of sensors and vehicles employed in the IOT module.

      1. PROPOSED SYSTEM

         This given system overcomes the flaws of previous traffic administered systems. The structure takes traffic solidity as input from cameras which is abstracted from Digital Image Processing technique and sensors data, resultantly giving output as signal data, resultantly giving output as signals management.

         An algorithm is given to predict the traffic solidity for future tominimize the traffic congestion. Development of IOT based traffic management system. Identify and penalize traffic violators and help officials identify unauthorized drivers. Reroute the ambulance to the low congestion roads to help get medical care at the earliest.

      2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

         • Matlab

   MATLAB is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks. MATLAB supports matrix manipulations, plotting of functions, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and allying with programs written in other languages. MATLAB is used in many technical fields for data analysis, problem solving, and for experimentation and algorithm development.

   1. IMPLEMENTATION

The gateway is the GUI of the project which gives access to the individual objective codes in MATLAB. The GUI is designed based on the GUIDE library in the software tool. The various accessories from the GUI takes through the appropriate codes as mentioned.

1. NUMBER PLATE DETECTION

   License Plate popularity is one of the strategies used for car identity purposes. The sole aim of this mission is to locate the maximum green manner to apprehend the registration records from the virtual photo (acquired from the camera). This method generally accommodates of 3 steps. First step is the registration code localization, no matter the license-plate length and orientation. The 2d step is the segmentation of the characters and ultimate step is the popularity of the characters from the registration code. Thus, this mission uncovers the essential concept of numerous algorithms required to perform individualpopularity from the registration code License Plate popularity is one of the strategies used for car identity purposes. The sole aim of this mission is to locate the maximum green manner to apprehend the registration records from the virtual photo (acquired from the camera). This method generally accommodates of 3 steps. First step is the registration code localization, no matter the license-plate length and orientation.The 2d step is the segmentation of the characters and ultimate step is the popularity of the characters from the registration code. Thus, this mission uncovers the essential concept of numerous algorithms required to perform individual popularityfrom the registration code in the course of Template Matching.This function of the set of rules noted above helped in accomplishing quicker individual popularity of the registrationcode. This method of individual popularity includes steps like Image processing, Defragmentation, Resizing and Character localization which might be required to be done at the photo so as for Template Matching to be done. Tollbooths in India usually appoint a simply visible gadget of car type. However, this reasons a massive lack of sales to the companies running the tollbooths because of rampant malpractices anddiscrepancies.

   Step 1

   Input Image

   Step 2

   Extraction of Number Plate Location

   Step 3

   Remove connected objects on border

   Step 4

   Character Segmentation

   Step 5

   Character recognition and display result

   infrastructure and the irrational distribution of the improvementare principal motives for augmented site visitors jam. Thepredominant reason main to site visitors jam is the excessive range of motors which turned into as a result of the populace and the improvement of economy. Instead of running on roads to deal with the developing site visitors numerous strategies had been devised to manipulate the site visitors on roads like embedded controllers which are mounted on the junction. The motors are detected with the aid of using the device thru snap shots. A digital digicam might be located along the site visitorsmild. It will seize photo sequences. Image processing is a higher approach to manipulate the nation extrude of the site visitors mild. It

   To maintain a tab at the operators a few tollbooths appoint a gadget the usage of fiber optic sensors to routinely classify a car with inside the heritage and tally the consequences with the guide entries. However, this gadget is highly-priced complex and calls for excessive maintenance. We purpose to look at the numerous structures that may be used to update one of these gadget with an inexpensive and green opportunity to maintaina tab at the operators a few tollbooths appoint a gadget the usage of fiber optic sensors to routinely classify a car with inside the heritage and tally the consequences with the guide entries. Routinely classify a car within side the heritage and tally the consequences with the guide entries. However, this gadget is highly-priced complex and calls for excessive maintenance. Wepurpose to look at the numerous structures that may be used to update one of these gadget with an inexpensive and green opportunity However, the social state of affairs in India is notably specific because of issues including poverty, unemployment in addition to a drastically decrease admire for rules. This makes it unfeasible to head for a very computerizedtollbooth. The enterprise calls for an automated car type gadget in India now no longer to lessen or do away with human intervention or labor, however to make certain that human intervention does now no longer purpose any monetary malpractices. The enterprise calls for a gadget that runs within side the heritage and simply continues a cross-test at the guide. As already stated, the gadget the usage of fiber optics inherently possesses a big quantity of issues aside from the principle worries of excessive fee and maintenance. Although an IR curtain gadget reduces the fee notably, it's far nevertheless pretty highly-priced and inexpensive options are desired.

   As nearly all the tollbooths appoint cameras for protection purposes, it changed into felt that the feasibility of a gadget theusage of IP cameras have to be tested. Violators may be diagnosed and penalized primarily based totally on quantity plate data. This method is simplified to segmented all of the letters and numbers used within side the quantity plate with the aid of using the usage of bounding field method. After segmentation of numbers and characters gift on quantity plate, template matching method is used to popularity of numbers and characters. The listen is given to discover the quantity plate place nicely to phase all of the quantity and letters to perceive every quantity separately.

2. IMAGE PROCESSING BASED SIGNAL TIME

   ESTIMATION

   It is stated that the excessive tome of motors, the scanty

   suggests that it may lower the site visitors congestion and avoids the time being site visitors might be managed the usage of photo processing. Various containers in Block diagram are defined below:

   Image Acquisition: Generally an photo is a two-dimensional characteristic f(x,y)(right here x and y are aircraft coordinates).The amplitude of photo at any factor say f is known as depth of the photo. It is likewise known as the grey degree of photo at that factor. We want to transform those x andy values to finite discrete values to shape a virtual photo. The enter photo is a fundus taken from stare information base and force information base. The photo of the retina is taken for processing and to test the situation of the person. We want to transform the analog photo to virtual photo to technique it thru virtual computer. Each virtual photo composed of a finite factors and every finite detail is known as a pixel.

   Formation of Image: We have a few situations for forming an photo f(x,y) as values of photo are proportional to electricity radiated with the aid of using a bodily source. So f(x,y) should be nonzero and finite. i.e. 0due to range of motives however onein every of them may be very crucial in our project

   Image Pre-Processing: Image Cropping/Resizing:

   Images are resized because of number of reasons but one of them is very important in our project. Every digital digicam hasits decision, so while a device is designed for a few digital digicam specs it'll now no longer run effectively for some otherdigital digicam relying on specification similarities. So, it's far vital to make the decision regular for the software and as a result carry out photo resizing. Also, the photo is cropped in order that we paintings on our principal attention region in place of the complete frame. This relies upon at the digital digicam positioning i.e. the information set used.

   RGB to GRAY Conversion:

   Humans understand shade thru wavelength-touchy sensory cells known as cones. There are 3 unique types of cones, every has a unique sensitivity to electromagnetic radiation (mild) of various wavelength. One cone is especially touchy to inexperienced mild, one to crimson mild, and one to blue mild. By emitting a constrained mixture of those 3 colors (crimson, inexperienced and blue), and as a result stimulate the 3 forms of cones at will, we're capable of generate nearly any detectableshade. This is the cause in the back of why shade snap shots areregularly saved as 3 separate photo matrices; one storing the quantity of crimson (R) in every pixel, one the quantity of inexperienced (G) and one the quantity of blue (B). We name such shade snap shots as saved in an RGB format. In grayscalesnap shots, however, we do now no longer differentiate how a good deal we emit of various colors, we emit the equal quantity in each channel. We might be capin a position to distinguish the full quantity of emitted mild for every pixel; little mild offers darkish pixels and lots mild is perceived as shiny pixels. Whenchanging an RGB photo to grayscale, we need to don't forget the RGB values for

   every pixel and make as output an unmarried cost reflecting the brightness of that pixel.

   Image Enhancement:

   Image enhancement is the system of changing virtual pictures in order that the consequences are greater appropriate for show or in addition analysis. For example, we are able to take away noise, with a view to make it greater less complicated to become aware of the important thing characteristics. In bad assessment pictures, the adjoining characters merge for the duration of binarization. We need to lessen the unfold of the characters earlier than making use of a threshold to the phrase photo. Hence, we introduce POWER- LAW TRANSFORMATION which will increase the assessment of the characters and facilitates in higher segmentation. The fundamental shape of power-regulation transformation is in which r and s are the enter and output intensities, respectively; c and are high quality constants. A type of gadgets used for photo capture, printing, and show reply in step with a power- regulation. By convention, the exponent within side the power- regulation equation is called gamma. Hence, the system used to accurate those power-regulation reaction phenomena is referred to as gamma correction. Gamma correction is crucial, if showing a photo correctly on a laptop display sceen is of concern. In our experimentation, is various within side the variety of one to 5. If c isn't identical to 1, then the dynamic variety of the pixel values may be extensively tormented by scaling. Thus, to keep away from every other level of rescaling after power-regulation transformation, we restoration the fee of c = 1. With = 1, if the power-regulation converted photo is handed thru binarization, there may be no alternate within side the end result in comparison to easy binarization. When > 1, there may be an alternate within side the histogram plot, when you consider that there's a growth of samples within side the containers closer to the grey fee of zero. Gamma correction is crucial if showing a photo correctly on laptop display screen is of concern.

   Edge Detection:

   Edge detection is the call for a hard and fast of mathematical strategies which intention at figuring out factors in a virtual photo at which the photo brightness modifications sharply or, greater technically, has discontinuities or noise. The factors at which photo brightness alters sharply are commonly prepared into a hard and fast of curved line segments termed edges. Different colors have unique brightness values of precise color. Green photo has greater brilliant than crimson and blue photo or blue photo is blurred photo and crimson photo is the excessive noise photo.

   Canny Edge Detection:

   The Canny Edge Detector is one of the maximum typically used photo processing gear detecting edges in a totally strong manner. It is a multi-step system, which may be applied at the GPU as a chain of filters. Canny area detection method is primarily based totally on 3 fundamental objectives.

   Low blunders rate: All edges must be found, and there must be no spurious responses. That is, the edges have to be asnear as feasible to the proper edges.

   Edge factor must be properly localized: The edges placed have to be as near as feasible to the proper edges. That is, the gap among a factor marked as an area via way of means of

   the detector and the center of the proper area must beminimal. Single edge point response: The detector must go back best one factor for every proper area factor. That is, the wide variety of neighborhood maxima across the proper area mustbe minimal. This manner that the detector must now no longer become aware of a couple of area pixels in which best an unmarried area factor exist.

   Image Matching:

   Recognition strategies primarily based totally on matching constitute every elegance via way of means of a prototype sample vector. An unknown sample is assigned to the elegance to that's closest in phrases of predefined metric. The most effective technique is the minimal distance classifier, which, as its call implies, computes the (Euclidean) distance among the unknown and every of the prototype vectors. It chooses the smallest distance to make choice. There is every other technique primarily based totally on correlation, which may be formulated without delay in phrases of pictures and is pretty intuitive. We have used a very unique technique for photo matching. Comparing a reference photo with the actual time photo pixel via way of means of pixel. Though there area few risks associated with pixel primarily based totally matching however it's miles one of the pleasant strategies for the set of rules that's used with inside the mission for choice making. Real photo is saved in matric in reminiscence and the actual time photo is likewise transformed with inside the preferred matric. For pictures to be identical their pixel values in matrix have to be identical. This is the most effective reality utilized in pixel matching. If there's any mismatch in pixel fee it provides directly to the counter usedto calculate wide variety of pixel mismatches. Finally, percent of matching is expressed as

   1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

      Number Plate Detection:

      Image based green time estimation:

      This assignment is to offer help to the visitors officers by developing an interconnection among the cars primarily based totally on cloud connection in order that the visitors may be monitored automatically. Violation and visitors offences are easily captured and fined primarily based totally at the wide variety plate of the vehicle and presently logged in user. In case of injuries or emergencies, nearest ambulance will acquire notification which includes the closest health facility with all required info so the medical doctors can take movement as required or create an alert to those who set GPS on excessive congestion zones to deviate to a low congestion direction except surely necessary.

   2. REFERENCE

   1. Pable SN, Welekar A & Gaikwad-Patil T, "Implementation on Priority Based Signal Management in Traffic System", International Journal of Engineering Research Technology (IJERT), Vol.3, No.5, (2014), pp.1679-1682.

   2. Traffic Flow Optimization and Vehicle Safety in Smart Cities, S. Krishnan & T. Bala subhramanyam in Research gate,May (2016)

   3. A. H. S. Lai, An powerful technique for visible site visitors surveillance, 2000.

   4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325116849_IoT

      _based_smart_traffic_signal_monitoring_system_using_vehicl es_counts

   5. V. Srinivasan, Y. Priyadharshini Rajesh, S. Yuvaraj and M. Manigandan, "Smart site visitors manipulate with ambulance detection", IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 402, pp. 012015, 2018.

   6. Ksiksi, S. Al Shehhi, and R. Ramzan, Intelligent Traffic Alert System for Smart Cities, 2015 IEEE International Conference on Smart City/SocialCom/SustainCom (SmartCity),

      Dec. 2015

   7. S. Kumar Janahan, M. R.M. Veeramanickam, S. Arun, K. Narayanan, R. Anandan and S. Javed Parvez, "IoT primarily based totally clever site visitors sign tracking machine the use of automobiles counts", International Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, no. 221, pp. 309, 2018

   8. X. Wang, Calibration of Big Traffic Data for a Transport Smart City, CICTP 2015, Jul. 2015.