Market Evinced Disposition of Research and Innovation by Artificial Intelligence Manifested Business

Market Evinced Disposition of Research and Innovation by Artificial Intelligence Manifested Business

Utsab Ray

Department of Biomedical Engineering JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, W.B.

Priyanka Roy

Department of Information Technology JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, W.B.

Karabi Ganguly

Department of Biomedical Engineering JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, W.B.

Annwesha Banerjee

Department of Information Technology

JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, W.B.

Abstract- It is quite evident and providential that the materialization of innumerable intelligent services and products is emerging day by day. The commercial approach followed by their obtainability and socioeconomic influence, considerably inflates a query regarding the existing inception of Artificial Intelligence that whether it is just any sort of promotion based publicity or it is indeed an adepted tool to transform and transmute the entire world. This paper is solely based on examination of extensive scopes and assortments on the entanglement of Artificial Intelligence. It also investigates into deep exploration of both beneficial as well as constructive and obstructive or fatalistic prospects of AI in various spheres mainly communities, governments, individuals any many other sectors. This paper scrutinizes the comprehensive consequences which is the result of AI after several examinations from innovation followed by research and to deployment of the innovation and discourses various authoritative academic procurements along with innovations followed by achievements in the domain of Artificial Intelligence; their influence on abundant entrepreneurial ventures that are prevailing and persuading around the global environment. Furthermore, this paper bestows in examination of investigating and evaluating factors that are usually accountable for advancements of Artificial Intelligence across various spheres. Considering the inspection of entrepreneurial ventures towards AI, a couple of lists of topmost Artificial Intelligence based startups are contemplated. The conjecture and hypothesizing derived from research work will fetch an improved and enhanced understanding of diversified and abundant innovations leading to various results acquired on Artificial Intelligence in the field of business, corporate and society. Thus it will furthermore provide more concise and coherent concern based on understanding of how Artificial Intelligence can metaphorise abundant business principles along with operations, and finally progress the economy globally.

Keywords:- Artificial Intelligence, Business, Entrepreneurial ventures, startups.

1. INTRODUCTION

   To standardize our living in an ameliorated way, innovation has been an instrumental part to function as the foremost engine in our society throughout the chronicle. Nevertheless,

   the mode of operation or procedure through which the innovation is carried out can be exceedingly convulsive as in most cases the prevailing technologies may turn out to be obsolete or disused. Emerging and developing technologies like data science, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain and internet of things (IoT) and big data can fabricate the entire world by producing various conquerors or unbounded or detached categories of exertions across the world. Though these technologies are older about a couple and half decades [1] but they did not turn up to be feasible for practical commercial applications. Since last few years there has been a drastic change in the prevailing situation which led to the advancements in each every field of employees and the factors which constitute the further extension enhances in increasing the transparency by sharing codes and involving software that are open source. Presently the enormous use of these emerging technologies starting from healthcare, finance, gaming, environment, security, agriculture etc. are continuously shaping our lives, by a progressive change through human lifestyle which comprise of the sustainability through which human beings enliven themselves. These transpiring technologies can further lead to grow hyper- automation prior to hyper- connectivity and further escort to the inception of Industry 4.0 or commonly Fourth Industrial Revolution. [2]-[5] Predominantly, the significant advancement and progression of Artificial Intelligence is the core of all upgraded performance that escalates the power of innovation of various technologies and eventually leading to expansion of Industry 4.0. Through enormous literature surveys and reviews, it is quite evident that the technology of Artificial Intelligence offers latest openings which can fetch a progression in all round economic development system and can coerce a momentous business transformation [2], [4], [5]-[9]. Considering the business level the advantages of Artificial Intelligence pertains to many things like improving the design of a product followed by quicker analysis by proper visualization and diligent insights. There are many more benefits that usually refer to business modeling, financial data followed by many. These various

   usefulness henceforth are awaited to initiate modern and enhanced level of service which are usually concerned with increasing the level of profit and cost structures. [5], [8], [9]. This paper solely deals with the progressive magnification of economics, Neo-Schumpeterian Economics, exists as a foundation model to fetch a proper analytical result as well as serving a perfect examination of Artificial Intelligence in business [10]. Basically there are three types of driving exertions or forces that pertain to Neo- Schumpeterian Economics are mainly entrepreneurship, innovation as well as knowledge. In discrete, this paper manipulates these driving exertions to investigate the upliftment of the algorithms which uses Artificial Intelligence subsequently exploration of entrepreneurial actions, investigation of any deployment in a commercial manner, scrutinize the investors and seek for any action across the global market. Considering any entrepreneurial activity and its investigation towards Artificial Intelligence, among top Artificial Intelligence startups, two are considered. Comparative analysis is not at all possible as this methodology was not implemented previously. The inventive insights of this paper can be summarized as: (i) Executed data analysis proves that Artificial Intelligence is not any sort of advertisement or hype related to any sort of promotion. (ii) The factors which are recognized results in the exponential widening of Artificial Intelligence. (iii) Identifying various sort of achievements in the field of academics which further helps in advancing the the products which are intelligent as well as commercially available. (iv) Exploring the strong locations geographically of Artificial Intelligence. (v) Determining the top industries of Artificial Intelligence as well as recent trends which takes place in investment of Artificial Intelligence. The conclusions and hypothesizing obtained from the research fetches a better comprehension on the impact as well the innovations of Artificial Intelligence in our society. It also gives us a concise apprehending on how the power of Artificial Intelligence can transform the entire society starting from several business operations, global economy, research and development. This work can be categorized in the following way: (i)Circumstances corresponding to products, algorithm as well as datasets. (ii) Focusing on collection of various datas and fostering on the objectives of research. (iii) Analysis of Market globally.

2. CIRCUMSTANCES CORRESPONDING TO PRODUCTS, ALGORITHMS AND

   DATASETS

   The term Artificial Intelligence [14] was originated by a professor emeritus of Computer Science of Stanford University, John McCarthy as a field at 1956. He also organized renowned Dartmouth Conference in Dartmouth College at Hanover and initiated Artificial Intelligence as field. Coles and Firschein [15] in the year of 1973 advanced one list that comprised twenty one suppositious products which may be the outcome from the advancements of Artificial Intelligence by 1990s. Some products predicted by them that are existing in reality are listed in fig(i). This table will impact a deep perception about the advancements of Artificial Intelligence for latest 48 years. The expeditions of Artificial Intelligence were not at all smooth. Despite being

   undergone with several hindrances, Artificial Intelligence has reverted back into prominence due to the emergence of Deep learning along with neural networks which has many hidden layers. The development of Artificial Intelligence counts to two major factors: the hardware accelerators (Tensor processing Units (TPUs) and Graphics Processing Units(GPUs)) along with the availability of big data. [16]- [18]

   Sl No.	Products Postulated	Abilities Proposed (Firshein 1973)	Todays Reality
   1.	Automatic Diagnostics	A system which is capable of automated medical detection on the baisis of querying a patient by examining biological tests etc.	Qualcomm Tricoder is used, Meditronic IQ Cognitive Application for measuring blood glucose.
   2.	Deep Blue, AlphaGo	System for automatic determination of identity of a person by recognizing the voice , face fingerprints etc.	NuData Security, Apple Face ID and MasterCard Indentity Check.
   3.	Industrial Robots	An autonomous Industrial robot which is capable of inspecting products and assembly in automated factory, using both manipulative and visual skills.	FANUC Intelligent Robots, Mitshubishi Robots.
   4.	Automatic Language translators	Language translating instrument capable of high quality translation of text from one foreign language to another.	Bing Microsoft translator, Google translator.
   5.	Robotic chauffeur	Robots are made capable of several operations on city streets and standard country highways using various visual sensors	Volvo X, MercedesBenz E- Class, Google Waymo

   Fig(i): With Today's reality and the definition of AI, it was predicted in 1973[15]

3. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH AND

   COLLECTING DATA

   Contemporarily in this immediate world, this age has been feasibly manifested to be the significant as well as the stimulating phase of the human history. In this particular spell the growth and enhancement of these emerging technical innovations by the use of technology are so rapid that they are taking place at a rate of blinking of eyes. Few of the innovations that relate technology to develop technical thoughts mainly relate the applications of robots that are working in various fields like industry as well as automatic cars followed by automatic health superintending of patients through variety of methods and devices like smart watches etc. Appraising our calendar years, 2016 was one of the most staggering years if the studies relating to

   deep learning, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are considered. There are several questions and queries which arises like: Why AI is in every company? What are the factors which are leading to the exponential growth of AI? How the impact of AI is influencing the entire world with its prospects? Which country leads with the technology of AI?

   These questions are intended to be answered and discussed throughout this paper. The research several procedures like scrutinizing several magazines of business including business newsletters , articles of conference proceedings, several forums which held in online, websites of stock market, magazines of Artificial Intelligence and many more to gather various statistics for examination. These various rejoinders will provide a coherent scope to act in future and plan accordingly for meeting various challenges that are upcoming. This will further guide in backing the transformations that will be accepted to ensure the exact incorporation of Artificial Intelligence in our society which mainly comprises business and lives of human beings.

4. ANALYSIS OF MARKET GLOBALLY As per our society the comprehension and understanding implies to be startups as the enhancers and innovation of economy. The analysis of these startups followed by their exploration would eventually fetch a better outcome in gaining relevant insights into the investigation of the impact of Artificial Intelligence to transform business. Top 100 startups which are based on Artificial Intelligence were made in two lists by taking the help considering CB Insights Mosaic Algorithm [11]. Algorithm helps to identify startups by computing factors namely business model, financial historical analysis, quality of investor etc. The availability of the lists were done by investigating 1650 and more as well as 2000 and more global startups by taking help of Mosaic Algorithm. In the repose the paper deals with the startups which is based on Artificial Intelligence listing for 2017 as well as 2018 which can be cited as AI17 followed by AI18 respectively. A portion obtained from the following outcomes has been already presented in International conference named DIGITS 2018 [12]. That event was organized jointly by BIMT and University of Maryland. The expanded version of this manuscript was submitted to Journal Of Business Research, Elsevier for considering it as a journal research article [13].

   Fig(ii) : Percentage of Artificial Intelligence based Start-ups in various industries in 2017 and 2018.

   Fig (ii) exemplifies that on AI17, the attention was maximum in the core AI and consequently in AI18, cybersecurity got maximum benefit from the technology of Artificial Intelligence. This illustrated analysis covers the industrial sectors of top six startups in AI17 followed by AI18. All pre- eminent Artificial Intelligence startups are creating process oriented as well as technological innovations thus, generating more opportunities of business and efficiency gains in future. The industrial sectors mainly comprise of healthcare, cybersecurity, cross industry, enterprise AI and business Intelligence. Other processes in the industrial sectors which are responsible for various transformations in the industry includes image analysis, virtual nurses, robotic surgery as well as drug discovery.

   Fig (iii): Percentage of AI Startups in world

   In this section of fig (iii) important insights of AI17 followed by AI18 are examined from their geographical distribution. The analysis of data resulted in massive progressive results. The United States of America is leading the revolution of Artificial Intelligence with its headquarters of around 3/4th of total startups. The majority of the startups are located in California, commonly known as heart of AI.

5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

   This work mainly accompanies the achievements of Artificial Intelligence that are prominent and the technological innovations that are influential in field of Artificial Intelligence. Around 48 years before, the proposed Artificial Intelligence products that were driven is having their commercial availability and henceforth proves that Artificial Intelligence is not any kind of hype and it solely has the ability to transform the entire business infrastructure thus by shaping the world economy. The explosive growth an progress of the systems that is based on Artificial Intelligence is deployed and embolished on the basis of a couple of factors: The fast processing units like the TPUs and GPUs as well as the big data. This work also portrays the broad sectors in deep learning namely speech recognition, computer vision analysis, analysis of text and playing games. DL algorithm is preferred for each of the deep learning areas and other several fruitful applications which eventually surpassed the accuracy of human level. Exploration of various lists containing dataset providers with the URLs is being procured by this work. Final outcomes of results are hence summarized in the form of table which aids in helping the industries and various researchers working in the domain of Artificial Intelligence.

   The study of top Artificial Intelligence startups distinctly presents the impact of innovation and research at an advanced level in the globalized market. The examination also depicts that the wave of Artificial Intelligence and appetite for the growth of Artificial Intelligence has been exponential. The investments in the domain of Artificial Intelligence are predominantly progressing since last years and are expected to remain consistent in forthcoming days. This examination henceforth proves that Artificial Intelligence industries will enhance more productivities as well as create more scope of opportunities in future like cybersecurity, data analysis, cognitive technologies, core Artificial Intelligence etc and their prime advantages fosters sales maximization and many other prospects like faster business decisions , human error reduction, time and cost efficiency etc.Though the examination of this paper depicts that the technology of Artificial Intelligence is limited to only few areas in the entire world, thus creating a divide commonly AI divide. This divide will further enhance the inequality in all phases like social, culture as well as economy further making a digital divide. Moreover, the Artificial Intelligence software is subjected to vulnerabilities and is software dominant. Many deep learning methods are a key for undergoing various real- time applications and eventually are the backbone of Artificial Intelligence. Some of the prime factors which evolved are transparency, path tracing, penetrability, explainable followed by identification of systemic failure modes are accepted at the time of software assessment. Sometimes cases exist where DL algorithm turned to be producing inconstant outcomes. Surpassing these issues, defiance such as bias, shortage of Artificial Intelligence talent, ethics are also crucial and need consciousness for commercial applications of applications of Artificial Intelligence.

6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Utsab Ray acknowledges all respected faculty members from the Department Of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology in this paper.

Fig(iv) and fig(v) represents the list of dataset providers along with their URLS followed by the API support and amount and type of data.

Fig (iv) : List of dataset providers along with their URLS followed by the API support and amount and type of data

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AUTHORS

Utsab Ray is currently pursuing B.Tech in Biomedical Engineering from JIS College Of Engineering. Enthusiastic and focused guy in the field of technology and innovation, published research paper and secured positions by participating in hackathons and other various innovative idea competitions across college and national level. Has a patent filed in his name on an innovative idea. Apart from these technical sights, the candidate has been indulged with various kinds of Internships and holding several positions of responsibility by possessing skills in various startups and private limited companies and successfully completed more than 14 internships and associated with various trainings irrespective of any curriculum. Presently, a student Partner in World's largest internship platform, Internshala; digital editor as well as graphic designer in Nubivagant Technology and Engineers Connect respectively; human Resource intern at Aashmam Foundation (NGO) and brand ambassador at GoDutch PVT. Ltd. Looking forward for more progressive endeavors.

Priyanka Roy is currently a student pursuing B.Tech in Information Technology from JIS College of Engineering. She is passionate about technology and want to learn more and more about technology. Her areas of interest include web development, working with Artificial Intelligence and she is an intern at Sparks Foundation. She wants to work with more innovations in future.

Dr. Karabi Ganguly is Head of the Department, Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani, West Bengal, India since December 2016. She has published a number of papers in preferred International Journals and Chapters in Books, and participated in a range of international and national conferences on Clinical Oncology and Biomedical Engineering. Dr. Ganguly has 01 patent granted by IPR, Govt. of Inda. She also presented various research-based papers at several national and international conferences. Her research activities are currently twofold: while the first research activity is set to explore the advancement of Biomedical Engineering; the second major research theme that she is pursuing is focused on the Clinical Oncology. Her areas of interest and research are Biomedical Engineering, Cellular Biochemistry, Physiology and Clinical Oncology. She has teaching experience of 15 years (PG and UG level). Dr. Karabi Ganguly is invited as Reviewer, Session Chair, Invited Speaker and Volume Editor in various national and international conferences and journals.

Mrs. AnnweshaBanerjee(Majumder) is Assistant Professor at Department of Information Technology, JIS College of Engineering, Kalyani. She was Lecturer in the Department of Information Technology at IMPS College of Engineering and Technology. She has completed

B.Tech in Information Technology from JIS College of Engineering, obtained her Masters Degree from JIS College of Engineering, West Bengal University of Technology and registered for the Ph.D(Tech-CSE. In MaulanaAbulKalam Azad University of Technology. She is Gold Medalist in M.Tech. She has one decades of experience, publications of 18 research papers 2 Book Chapters, , and 4 Patent published (as Inventor).