Perception of Employees on Various Aspects for Escalating Industrial Productivity – A Case Study

Perception of Employees on Various Aspects for Escalating Industrial Productivity – A Case Study

T.B.Pankhania*

Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering and Head Work shop, B.V.M.Engineering College, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India.

Dr. H.J.Jani

Director and Professor, G.H.Patel Institute of Business Studies, M.B.A.Programme, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Anand, Gujarat, India.

V.K.Modi

Lecturer, Mechanical Engineering Department, B.&B. Institute of Technology, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Abstract

In the present age of cut-throat competition, it becomes highly necessary for an organization to be dynamic in the globalizat ion era. This is possible only when the emp loyees, employers and organizations are capable enough to cope up with the changing world scenario. In the rapidly changing environment human being is the most important and valuable resource to play vital role in every organization has in the form of its employees. The case was considered to know the employees perception about motivational and mora le aspects which ult imately help to improve industrial productivity. Statistical analysis gives very useful insights of the study for emp loyers to consider for better performance of the organization. It is concluded that respondents are divided about the various aspects of productivity improve ment – means and measures considered in this analysis. Overall perception is positive and they believe that the aspects considered, are going to help imp roving productivity.

Index Terms – Co mpetition, e mp loyee, e mployer globalization, organizations, perception, and productivity

1. Introduction

   The objective of the motivation is to create conducive environment in which people are willing to work and happy working with zea l, in itiat ive and belongingness with enhanced self-esteem and satisfaction, with sense of responsibility, loyalty and discipline and with the pride and confidence in a most

   coherent manner so that the goals of an organization are achieved effic iently and effect ively. The mora le is synthesis of an employees diverse reactions to and feeling for his job satisfaction. Feelings, emotions, sentiments, attitudes and motives -all these combine and lead to a particula r type of behaviour on the part of an individual or group referred to as employees morale [1-6].

2. The Case

   The present case study was conducted in an industry of the estate at Vitthal Udyognagar in Anand district of Guja rat, India. The estate was established some times in 1965. At present 1000 odd units are functioning and about 25000 e mp loy ments are generated. The paint making co mpany was selected for this study. A structured questionnaire was used to know the perceptions of the employees. Questionnaires were distributed to know the present status of the industrial scenario. SPSS Soft ware was used to carry out various statistical analysis to uncover the factor responsible for the health of the estate in general and industries in particular.

3. Objectives of the Study

   The prima ry objective is to study the effects of emp loyees motivation, mo rale and job satisfaction in a public limited co mpany at Vitthal Udyognagar in Anand district of Gujarat state, India and various aspects leading to higher productivity. The specific objectives of this research are:

   To assess employees perception about motivation, mora le, Job satisfaction.

   To suggest the areas of improve ment leading to higher industrial p roductivity

4. Scope of the study

   The research carried out in XYZ Co mpany at Vitthal Udyognagar, the outcomes may not be applicable to other units of the XYZ Paints Co mpany elsewhere or to the other companies. The survey was carried out for the lowe r, midd le and top levels emp loyees, but views may differ fro m level to level. The researcher aims at assessing the employees perception for motivation, morale , and job satisfaction of the organization considered for the research study. The same is e xtended for further study and /or in other industries.

5. Limitations of the study

   The research work was carried out successfully and desired results were on hand at the end of the research. There were certain limitations pertaining to research study conducted in the organization. The proble ms and limitat ions during this research study were listed as under:

   Non-availab ility of some secondary data / past data records.

   Responses with reservation caused limited co – operation from e mp loyees. Top, middle, and lo wer levels emp loyees responded differently and might have added little o r more bias.

   The postponements of the responses were time consuming and tiresome due to busy schedule or unwillingness to disclose certain information by the respondents.

   The investigator was thought to be industry – agent or government authority in spite of avowal was given, so extracting informat ion was difficult initia lly.

   The time factors, poor awareness of some respondents were other limitat ions.

   The supervisors and technicians were scared about the disclosing problems facing at workplace .

   Lowe r education, language problem and lack of freedom to disclose the facts were ma jor constraints to the most of the bottom level emp loyees.

6. Research Methodologies

   The explo ratory type research was conducted. This type of research allowed e xploring a new area and so the data related to the study had to be collected fro m the respondents within the organization. The results of an exp loratory research provided significant insight into a given situation. The main activ ity of the company is manufacturing water based paints, enamel paints, protective coatings and synthetic resins. Presently, the company under study has employed 5 Managers, 7 Executives, 29 Officers, 42 Technica l staff and 126 Worke rs, thus 209 persons are on roll.

7. The Instrument

   The research is based on the prima ry data. A structured questionnaire was used for the purpose of research. The questionnaire consisting of 15 questions were designed keeping in mind the population characteristics. A five point Like rt type scale from strongly agree (5), Agree (4), Neutral (3), disagree (2) and strongly disagree (1) was used. The total 12 8 questionnaires were distributed among the employees of the organization. The questionnaires were checked for inco mp leteness, inconsistent, and ambiguous responses. The questionnaires were discarded with unsatisfactory responses; these questionnaires were not included in the sample. Finally 66 questionnaires found usable for analysis and have resulted in the sample size. The responses were 66/128=51.56 percent, which are considered acceptable for the research study [1-6].

8. Statistical Analyses

SPSS software was used to carry out statistical analyses to evaluate the various aspects which are influencing industrial productivity. Frequency distribution was carried out to know the demographic details. In research survey, there may be a large nu mber of variables, most of which are correlated and which must be reduced to a manageable level. Re lationships among sets of many interrelated variables are exa mined and represented in terms of a few underly ing interpretable factors. The question wise analysis and overall analysis of all the 15 statements gives the overview as shown in table1 and figure1 show that 42.53% respondents are strongly agree + 31.62% f respondents agree, of total respondents strongly disagree to the statements of this analysis. Hence, it is concluded that responses are divided.

Table 1 – Question wise Analysis

Table 2 Overall Analyses

Figure 1 Overall Analysis

Hence, it is concluded that respondents are divided about the various aspects of productivity improve ment

means and measures considered in this analysis. Even though majority respondents are in favour with positive response: 42.53%+31.62% =74.15%

An Index of Reliability: An effective tool for measuring re liab ility is Cronbachs alpha, which is a numerical coeffic ient of reliability. Alpha coeffic ient ranges in value fro m 0 to 1 and may be used to describe the reliability of factors extracted from dichotomous (that is, questions with two possible answers) and/or mu lti-point formatted questionnaires or scales (i.e., rating scale: 1 = poor, 5 = e xce llent). The h igher the score, the more re liab le the generated scale, alpha value

0.7 to be an acceptable reliability coeffic ient but lower thresholds are sometimes used in the literature. If the scale shows poor reliability, then individual ite ms within the scale must be re-e xa mined and modified or complete ly changed as needed. Here, the value of cronbachs alpha = 0.784 indicates acceptable reliability [20].

Table 5: The values of communalit ies are more than 0.50, e xcept for variable nu mber 3. Otherwise, it is considered as good explanation of variable reduced most widely used interdependency techniques for data reduction is factor analysis [1-6]

Factor anal ysis allows us to look at groups of variables that tend to be correlated to each other and identify underlying dimension that explain the correlations. Relat ionships among sets of many interre lated variables are e xa mined and represented in The numbers of factors are three when eigenvalue is one or more, all together expla ined 71.654 percent. The scree plot also confirms that there are three factors e xpla in 15 variab les in to three factors up to 71.654 percent. The data reduction in to three factors and they are interpretable.

Table 5 Communalities

Table 3 Reliability Statistics

Table 4 KMO and B artlett's Test

KMO va lue is more than 0.60, hence, can be carried out factor analysis for good interpretation. The factor analysis is appropriate for data reduction in this case and the value of significance is less than 0.05, shows that variable are uncorrelated in nature. The null hypothesis is rejected.

Extraction Method: Principa l Co mponent Analysis.

The values of communalit ies are more than 0.5 0, e xcept for variable nu mber 3, but very near to 0.50. Otherwise, it is considered as good explanation of variable reduced to factors. The absolute factor loadings are more than 0.60and all variables included in the analysis and they are contributing in increasing l productivity.

Table 6 Total Variance Explained

Table 7 Groupings of the variables and their corresponding factor loadings.

Extraction Method: Principa l Co mponent Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varima x with Kaiser Norma lization. Rotation converged in 5 iterations.

Table 6 shows that total 15 variables are reducible to three factors, which expla in total variance up to 71.654 percent. The scree plot also confirmed total 15 variables can be reduced to three factors that are interpretable. Table7 Shows the groping of variables as per factors . All 15 factors are included and associated with three factors.

Table 8 Naming factors and associated variables with factors

Table 9 Component Transformation Matrix

Extraction Method: Principa l Co mponent Analysis. Rotation Method: Va rima x- Ka iser Norma lization.

Table9: The component Transformation matrix shows that the three factors loading are 0.858 shows that model fit is good and three factors are good representatives of 15 variables have expla ined correctly.

9 Conclusions

The study mainly focused to uncover factors which help increasing industrial productivity. Th ree factors uncover the associations of the 15 attributes. These factors contribute to higher productivity of the organization. Job security, Job rotation, Job satisfaction, Job Training, Housekeeping, Working conditions, Recognition, Involvements and Empowe rments are all important aspects for higher productivity to satisfy the human wants and satisfaction by increasing industrial productivity by raising living standard of the people.

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