Power Quality Improvement by Designing the LCL Filters for the Matrix Converter in a DFIG System

Power Quality Improvement by Designing the LCL Filters for the Matrix Converter in a DFIG System

Vijaya raju Vasipalli, PG Student Dept. of Electrical Engineering SATI, Vidisha

Madhya Pradesh, India

Vikalp Kulshrestha, PG Student Dept.of Electrical Engineering SATI, Vidisha

Madhya Pradesh, India

Prof. S. P. Phulambrikar*, HOD Dept. of Electrical Engineering SATI, Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract This paper proposes a new DFIG system using Matrix Converter with indirect space-vector modulation scheme, which can effectively interconnect the wind power system with the power grid. Indirect space-vector modulation considers the MC as a rectifier and inverter connected via a DC link with no energy storage. This paper also proposes the LCL filter design to eliminate the harmonics; those are produced by the converter. The results are simulated by MATLAB/SIMULINK software. All the results are analysed by the FFT analysis.

KeywordsLCL filter, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), matrix converter (MC), indirect space-vector modulation (ISVM).

1. INTRODUCTION

   Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is very efficient one in wind power generation when wind speed is widely varying. The power grid is directly connected to stator terminals and to rotor through matrix converter (MC). DFIG is generating the constant frequency power to the grid without reference to wind speed variation, and control the power factor at the connection point [1-3].

   Matrix converter is a new technology in DFIG to connect the rotor output with the power grid and converting the low frequency (s*f) AC power to the

   50Hz (f) commercial power. Back to back converter technology is replaced by this new technology because back to back converter has high switching loss and bulky structure because it has 3-step power conversion such as AC-DC-AC. this weak point is improved by matrix converter, which can directly convert the AC power from one frequency to another [4].

   LCL filters are designed for MC both sides (i.e. rotor side and

   First I would like to Thank my guide Prof. S.P Phulambrikar (HOD) for his great guidance and motivation.

   I would like to thank my friends Praveen Pateriya & Ashok kumar Patel for their heartful help.

   Especially I thank to Mr. Sagar sir who Opened Lab always for me & in installing the software also.

   grid side) because MC works in both directions. When the wind speed is low then the rotor receives power from grid and when the wind speed is high then the rotor will supply power to the grid. So we designed Y-connected LCL filter for grid side and delta-connected filter for rotor side [1].

2. MATRIX CONVERTER

   Matrix converter is designed with nine bidirectional solid-state switches. These switches are gated ON or OFF simultaneously to get desired results. Bidirectional power transfer can possible with matrix converter as well as power factor correction for the input current [6], [9-12].

   Fig.1. Configuration of 3-phse matrix converter

   Matrix converter is controlled by indirect space-vector modulation scheme. This scheme is a form of pulse width modulation that is based on two-phase representation of three- phase quantities some advantages of this scheme than other PWM techniques are [7]:

   1. A wide linear modulation range [8].

   2. It has improved Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) characteristics as much of the disturbance is centered on the switching frequency.

   3. The switching frequency is much greater than the input supply fundamental frequency and thus it is possible to

      remove the high frequency switching components using a low pass lter.

   4. It has improved Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) characteristics as much of the disturbance is centered on the switching frequency.

   5. It is easily implemented in digital applications.

      For these reasons, ISVM is adopted for use in this paper [13- 15].

3. LCL FILTER DESIGN

   LCL filter which we designed is two types one is star connected LCL filter which is connected between grid and converter another one is delta connected LCL filter which is connected between rotor and converter [1], [16].

   Fig. 2 presents the schematic diagram of the star connected LCL filer. Where UO & US are the terminal voltage of MC and grid voltage respectively, L1 & L2 are the converter side and grid side inductors respectively, R1 & R2 are the equivalent resistances of L1 & L2 respectively, C3 is the capacitance, R3 is the damping resistor in series with C3. The transfer function between input voltage UO and output current I2 is:

   … (1)

   Fig.2. LCL filter equivalent circuit diagram While for an L filter, the transfer function becomes:

   ….. (2)

   As we are observing above equations LCL filter having a third order transfer function so it gets higher harmonics attenuation at high frequency than the L filter with a first order transfer function

   TABLE-I Y-CONNECTED FILTER PARAMETERS

   L1g	L2g	Rg	Cg
   1.0e-3H	0.73e-3H	0.68	100F

   By taking current ripple, power factor and resonance into consideration we were designed the above parameters [1].

4. MATRIX CONVERTER WITH FILTERS There are nine bi-directional switches are there in Fig. 1.

   Fig.3. Bi-directional switch

   In this session we connected the MC with LC, LCL and without filter to analyse the result with FFT window.

   (a)

   (b)

   (c)

   Fig.4. Matrix Converter with (a) No filter (b) LC filter

   (c) LCL filter

   1. Simulation Results of MC with No filter

      Fig.5. MC output Vs, Is & FFT windows

   2. Simulation Results of MC with LC filter

   3. Simulation Results of MC with LCL filter

   Fig.7. MC output Vs, Is & FFT windows

   If we observe above waveforms we can identify that the total harmonic distortion (THD) is very good when we are using LCL filters. Without filters the output waveforms are combined with harmonics but when we use LC filter the output waveforms are giving pure sine wave but the sine wave combined with some harmonics. When we use LCL filter we can observe that result is very good than MC with without filter and MC with LC filter.

5. MATRIX CONVERTER IN DFIG SYSTEM

   The DFIG is an induction machine with a wound rotor where the rotor and stator are both connected to electrical sources, hence the term doubly-fed.

   Fig.8. shows the overall configuration of DFIG system. In this system stator terminals are directly connected to the grid and the rotor terminals are connected to grid through Matrix converter. LCL filters are designed both sides of the matrix converter. Matrix converter converts fixed frequency and fixed voltage into variable frequency and variable voltage.

   Fig.6. MC output Vs, Is & FFT windows

   For example if the grid side frequency is fundamental frequency, f then the rotor side frequency is s*f. so we have to control the matrix converter by using suitable switching strategies. We are controlling the voltage at grid side and current at rotor side of the MC.

   IJERTV3IS051473

   www.ijert.org

   1256

   Here we are connecting six 1.5MW wind turbines in series so the total power generating by DFIG is 9MW (6*1.5MW). Whenever the wind speed is high then the power generating by the DFIG system is 9MW, whic is generated by both stator side and rotor side. If the wind speed is low then the rotor will take power from grid so in this situation the total power is generated by DFIG system is 0.5pu.

   So DFIG is very efficient in variable speed wind turbine stations. Modern wind farms, with a nominal turbine power up to several MWs, are a typical case of DFIG application.

   Fig.8. MATLAB/SIMULINK Circuit of DFIG System

6. SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS

   Fig.9. DFIG Stator & Rotor V, I, P& Q & FFT window

   B. MC with LC Filters in DFIG System

   Fig.10. DFIG Stator & Rotor V, I, P, Q & FFT window

   A. MC without Filter in DFIG System

   Selec t ed s ignal: 10 c y c les . FFT window (in red): 1 c y c les

   1

   0. 5

   0

   -0. 5

   -1

   0

   0. 05

   0. 1

   Time (s )

   0. 15

   0. 2

   Fundament al (50Hz ) = 0. 72 , THD= 29. 67%

   Selec ted s ignal: 10 c y c les . FFT window (in red): 1 c y c les

   15

   10

   5

   0

   -5

   0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2

   Time (s )

   Fundamental (50Hz ) = 0.5555 , THD= 126.59%

   20

   Mag(% of Fundamental)

   15

   10

   5

   0

   0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

   Frequenc y (Hz )

   000

   30

   Mag(% of Fundamental)

   25

   20

   15

   10

   5

   0

   0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10

   Frequenc y (Hz )

   1. MC with LCL Filters in DFIG System REFERENCES

      0.2

      0

      Selec ted s ignal: 10 c y c les . FFT window (in red): 1 c y c les

      1. Peng Zhan, Weixing Lin, Jinyu Wen*, Naihu Li Design of LCL Filters for the Back-to-back Converter in a Doubly Fed Induction Generator IEEE PES ISGT ASIA 2012 1569538915

      2. J. Jeong and Y. JuB. Han* Wind Power System using Doubly-Fed Induction Generator and Matrix Converter with Simple Modulation Scheme

      3. Matti Jussila Comparison of Space-Vector-Modulated Direct and Indirect Matrix Converters in Low-Power Applications ISBN 978- 952-15-1862-1 (printed) ISBN 978-952-15-1906-2 (PDF) ISSN 1459-2045, Julkaisu 686 * Publication 686

      4. S. Masoud Barakati Modeling and Controller Design of a Wind Energy Conversion System Including a Matrix Converter

      5. Doubly Fed Induction Machine Control For Wind Energy Conversion Jason G. Massey Lieutenant, United States Navy B.S.,

         Clemson University, 1999

      6. P. Chlebis, P. Simonik, and M. Kabasta The Comparison of Direct and Indirect Matrix Converters PIERS Proceedings, Cambridge,

         USA, July 5{8, 2010

      7. Harris, Benjamin J., Matrix converter technology in doubly-fed induction generators for wind generators, Master of Engineering (Research) thesis, School of Electrical, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering – Faculty of Informatics,

         -0.2

         0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.2

         Time (s )

         Fundamental (50Hz ) = 0.3319 , THD= 3.89%

         1.6

         Mag (% of Fundamental)

         1.4

         1.2

         1

         0.8

         0.6

         0.4

         0.2

         0

         0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

         Frequenc y (Hz )

         Fig.11.DFIG Stator & Rotor V, I, P,Q & FFT window

7. CONCLUSION

By analysing the waveforms with FFT analysis THD values are given in Table-2 &3. THD after filtering the voltage is 1.05% on MC and 3.89% on MC in DFIG System respectively, which verify the effectiveness of the LCL filter than other filters. So by attnuating the harmonics produced by Matrix converter efficiancy of the system will be increase and also increase the power quality.

TABLE-2 THD of MC with Different Filters

TABLE-3 THD of MC in DFIG System with Different Filters

University of Wollongong, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3026

1. K. Zhou and D. Wang, Relationship between Space-Vector Modulation and Three-Phase Carrier-Based PWM: A Comprehensive Analysis, Industrial Electronics,IEEE Transactions on 49, 186 (2002).

2. LBsz16 Huber and Du3an BorojeviC Space Vector Modulated Three-phase to Three-phase Matrix Converter with Input Power Factor Correction IEEE Transactions On Industry Applications, Vol. 31, No 6, November/December 1995.

3. Melaku Mihret Modeling, Stability Analysis and Control of a Direct Ac/Ac Matrix Converter Based Systems

4. João Pedro Vasconcelos, Sónia Ferreira Pinto Exploiting the Use Of Sparse Matrix Converters In Wind Energy Generation Systems

5. C. Senthil Kumar, N. Senthil Kumar, M. Eswari Comparative study of conventional and matrix converter fed brushless dc motor drivePRZEGLDELEKTROTECHNICZNY, ISSN 0033-2097, R. 89 NR 7/2013

6. J.Karpagam, Dr.A.Nirmal Kumar and V.Kumar Chinnaiyan Comparison of Modulation Techniques for Matrix Converter IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol.2,

   No.2, April 2010 ISSN: 1793-8236

7. Richard Zhang,V. Himamshu Prasad, Dushan Boroyevich, and Fred

   C. Lee Three-Dimensional Space Vector Modulation for Four-Leg Voltage-Source Converters IEEE Transactions On Power Electronics, Vol. 17, NO. 3, MAY 2002

8. Zhanjun Qiao and Wei Xu Research on Matrix Converter Based on Space Vector Modulation Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 6(16): 2899-2906, 2013 ISSN: 2040- 7459; e-ISSN: 2040-7467

9. M. Liserre, F. Blaabjerg and S. Hansen, "Design and control of an LCL-filter-based three-phase active rectifier," Industry Applications, IEEETransactions on, vol. 41, pp. 1281- 1291, 2005-01-01 2005.