Power Quality improvement of Wind Power using Facts Device

Power Quality improvement of Wind Power using Facts Device

Jaswinder Singh

1. Research Scholar Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali

   Sunny Vig

   Assistant Professor, EEE Department Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali

   Abstract In recent years, wind power is highly developed in many countries. Because due to the limitation of fossil fuels and enviourement issues. But the main issue in wind power is stability. This is not constant because the wind is not constant at all time. Due to this, the stability problems accurse and quality of power is also reduced. But now days, many types of facts devices are used for power quality improvement. The STATCOM, SVC and fuzzy logic controller are the first generation facts devices which are used for power quality improvement. But second generation facts devices UPFC and IPFC is also used for power quality improvement. The fluctuation which is generated by the wind turbine is compensated by the battery energy storage system (BESS). In this review paper, various types of power quality issues and facts devices are described, which affect the power factor of transmission line.

   Keywords: Power quality, harmonics, UPFC, IPFC and STATCOM.

   1. INTRODUCTION

      In recent years, the wind power is most important and promising source of renewable energy. The wind energy conversion system are the fastest growing renewable energy source because due to the social, environment and economic benefits. The power quality is a problem which enables the equipment to work properly. Good power quality improves the system performance and improves the stability of system. But poor power quality produces the losses in system. The factor which is considered in the power quality is active power, reactive power, voltage variation and harmonics. But by using the STATCOM, we can mitigate the power quality issues. The STATCOM is connected to point of common coupling with a battery energy storage system (BESS). In this review paper we analysis the factor which are analysis the power quality problems in the wind energy conversion system and by using the facts devices we can improve the power quality of wind energy conversion system.

   2. LITTERATURE SURVEY

      For voltage stability, the second generation fact device are used which compensates and balance the power flow in multiline. The interline power flow controller (IPFC) is also used for controlling the active and reactive power in lines. The interline power flow controller consist a voltage source converter based two facts controller for series compensation. The reactive voltage injected by individual voltage source converter can be controlled to regulate the active power flow in the lines. In this system 4-Bus system is present. The open

      and closed loop model is also developed and used for simulation [4]. The IPFC is connected through the series coupling transformer and comparison of active and reactive power of transmission line with and without IPFC is presented using the proposed circuit model. In this model SSSC is used

      .One on each line of two lines. MATLAB with simulink and SIM POWER SYSTEM tools are used for simulation of transmission line and results are compared. The IPFC is open loop and closed loop configuration is also described [5]. The interline power flow controller is basically a voltage source converter based flexible ac transmission system controller for series compensation with unique capability of power flow management among the multiline transmission system of a substation. In this system, for voltage stability, the second generation fact device are used which compensates and balance the power flow in multiline. The interline power flow controller (IPFC) is used for controlling the power flow in lines. The interline power flow controller consist a voltage source converter based facts controller for series compensation. The reactive voltage injected by individual voltage source converter can be controlled to regulate the active power flow in the line. In this system 4-Bus system is present. The open and closed loop model is developed and used for simulation of system [4].

   3. POWER QUALITY ISSUES

      The power quality of system is effected due to the harmonic generation, voltage sag, voltage swell, and Overcurrent and flickering. To improve the power quality of system, firstly reduce these parameters.

      The main factor which affects the power quality is given below.

      1. Voltage sags

      2. Voltage swells

      3. Inrush

      4. Transient

      5. Overcurrent

      6. Flickering

         This is very difficult to identify the whether the cause of power quality is consumers side or suppliers side. The power quality is common problem for suppliers and users system. The power disturbance can be classified into the following categories.

         1. Power outage

            The total interruption of supply is called a power outage. The power outage is an accrue problem is due to the ice storms: lightning: wind: utility equipment failure. The effect is complete interruption in the supply system.

         2. Voltage fluctuation

            Every piece of equipment is particular range of input voltage. When the voltage is above or lowers than this voltage. Then this is called a voltage fluctuation. The voltage fluctuation is accruing due to the sudden changes in the load and when the large equipment is on and off. The effects of voltage fluctuation is light is flicker and equipment is shut down. The motor will also stopping.

         3. Transients

            The transients are also called surges. This type of disturbance is accruing for very short time. The equipment down the line because when transients accrue many voltages can be generated into the electrical system. The main causes of transients are suddenly starting or shut down the equipment. Example is welding equipment. The main effect of transients is burned circuit boards and the equipment is damage.

         4. Harmonics

      Harmonics are the distortion of the sine wave. The harmonics are accruing due to the non linear loads. The effects of harmonic is overheating of equipment and neutral is also hot.

      4 Facts devices for wind power quality improvement

      Now days, many types of facts device are used for controlling the active and reactive power of system. For wind power controllers are STTCOM, unified power flow controller and interline power flow controller are widely used.

   4. STATCOM (STATIC SYNCHRONOUS SERIES COMPENSATOR)

      The statcom is a shunt connected device which compensates the reactive power. The STATCOM is capable of generating or absorbing the reactive power. The output of this controller is capable of controlling the specific parameter of electrical power system. Basically the static synchronous series compensator is improve the following such areas.

      • Control of voltage flickering.

      • Transient stability

      • Improve the damping of power transmission system

      • The dynamic voltage controlling in the distribution system.

      In the STATCOM consist of a two voltage source converters and coupling a shunt connected transformer. The configuration of STATCOM is shown in fig. no.1.

      Figure 1: Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) [4]

   5. UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (UPFC) The unified power flow controller is a second generation

      facts device. This is normally used for power quality improvement of wind power. In the unified power flow controller consist of a two voltage source converters, one acts as a shunt conneced device and another act as a series connected device. One act as statcom and another act as a static synchronous series compensator (SSSC). The DC link is provided by a storage capacitor. The configuration of unified power flow controller is shown in fig.2. The converter1 of unified power controller is operating in unity power factor.

      Figure 2: Unified power flow controller [4]

   6. INTERLINE POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (IPFC)

      The interline power flow controller is a second generation facts device. This is mostly used for power quality improvement of wind power system. The main advantages of interline power flow controller is control the power in multiline as compare to devices statcom, fuzzy logic and svc control the power in only single line. The advantage is interline power flow controller is series connected device. The static synchronous series converter and interline power flow controller are the two converter in facts library which is series connected devices. The configuration of interline power flow controller is shown in fig.3.In the IPFC controller consist of a two voltage source converter, both act as a static

      synchronous series converter. The DC link between the both converters is provided by the storage capacitor.

      Figure 3: Configuration of interline power flow controller [2]

      In the interline power flow controller consist of number of inverter which provide the series compensation to the transmission line. The interline power flow controller is capable for transferring the power to overloaded to under loaded system.

   7. STATIC SYNCHRONOUS SERIES COMPENSATOR (SSSC)

      The static synchronous series compensator is also second generation facts device which control the active and reactive power of system. The static synchronous series compensator injects the voltage with variable magnitude and phase angle. The configuring of SSSC is shown in fig.4. It consists of two voltage source converter which controls the power in system. The main characteristics of SSSC are control the power in both heavy and light loads. The primary function of sssc is control the power in transmission line. The static synchronous series compensator is also series connected device. But other controllers are shunt connected devices.

   8. STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR (SVC)

      The static var compensator is also used for power quality improvement of wind power system because it can control the active and reactive power of system. The primary function of static var compensator is to control the voltage at week point of system. The static var compensator is installed midpoint of the transmission line. In shown in fig no.5 svc is connected as fixed capacitor thyrister. The static var compensator is shunt connected voltage generator. This controller is widely used in many power generation systems for improvement in quality of power.

      Figure 5: Configuration of SVC [3]

   9. CONCLUSION

In this paper analysis the factor which are responsible for power quality problem. For improvement in power quality of wind power, there are many controllers are used. These controllers are static var compensator, fuzzy logic, static synchronous compensator, static synchronous series compensator, UPFC and IPFC. These controllers eliminate the harmonic and improve the stability of system. These controllers control the reactive and active power of system and increase the transfer capability of line because in the wind power, the output of wind power is depend upon the wind which is not constant at all time. Due to this first and second generation facts devices, we can stable the wind power output.

Figure 4: Configuration of static synchronous series compensator [4]

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors are grateful to their respective institutes and their colleagues for their support.

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