Prediction of Various Crops in Agricultural Field Using Decision Tree and Naviebayes Algorithm in Machine Learning

Prediction of Various Crops in Agricultural Field Using Decision Tree and Naviebayes Algorithm in Machine Learning

Mrs. B.Ganga Bhavani Associate Professor Department of ComputerScience And Engineering

B V C Engineering College, Odalarevu

Mr. G.L.N.V.S.Kumar

Associate Professor Department of MCA Bonam Venkata Chalamayya Institute Of Technology and Science Amalapuram, INDIA

Moram Lakshim Rekha

Assistant Professor Department of MCA Bonam Venkata Chalamayya Institute Of Technology and Science Amalapuram, INDIA

Mr. K N V P S

Brahma Ramesh Assistant Professor Department of ComputerScience And Engineering

B V C Engineering College, Odalarevu

Abstract – The Agriculture plays a dominant role in the growth of country's economy. Climate and other environmental changes has become a major threat in the agriculture field. Machine Learning (ML) is an essential approach for achieving practical and effective solution for this problem. For better crop yield the artificial Neural Network have demonstrated to be an effective tool for modeling and prediction by using Decision tree and Navi Bayes Algorithm.

Keywords – CART, Decision Tree, Navie Bayes, Classification, Regression tree.

1. INTRODUCTION

   Agriculture is truly a backbone of the Economy of India. Agriculture is truly a backbone of the Economy of India. Perhaps you may know that India is an agricultural dominated country, thats why most of the population here depends on agriculture. India is the second largest country in the world in terms of crop production. The importance of agriculture in rural areas of India is very much, which is one of the biggest and good means of living for their livelihood. India is today exporting very good crops to the world so India is a very good country when you are talking about the production of crops. Farming is done in different ways in different areas of India.

   This paper mainly focused on the techniques and measures taken to improve farming by in calculating the technical knowledge and developments in order to make the agricultural sector more reliable and easier for the farmers by predicting the suitable crop by using Machine Learning techniques. By using the technology, precision agricultural technicians can break down a property in a very precise way so that what's planted on each inch of ground will have the optimal conditions for growth. This means looking at factors such as soil composition or water table levels. By using the existing conditions more efficiently, precision agricultural technicians. Across the globe India is the second largest country having people more than 1.3 Billion.

   Many people are dependent on the agriculture and it is the main resource.

   The data for the crop yield prediction is collected from Metrology Department of Kaggle. This is the annual data with all parameters of crops including states, crops, profit, yield. The aim of the proposed study is too effective and efficient in predicting which crop will be cultivated in which state with accuracy and precision.

   Based on the crop yield and profit farmers can cultivate the suitable crops for particular states. This will increase the crop production and beneficial to the farmers and country s economy.

   Types of Crops:

   Rice: Rice is the most important food crop of India covering about one-fourth of the total cropped area and providing food to about half of the Indian population. This is the staple food of the people living in the eastern and the southern parts of the country, particularly in the areas having over 150 cm annual rainfall. There are about 10,000 varieties of rice in the world out of which about 4,000 are grown in India

   Wheat: Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food. The many species of wheat together make up the genus Triticum, the most widely grown is common wheat. Wheat is grown on more land area than any other food crop (220.4 million hectares, 2014).

   Jowar : Sorghum popularly known as jowar is the most important food and fodder crop of dry land agriculture. The cereal crop is perennial in nature and possessing corn like leaves and bearing the grain in a compact cluster. Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world after wheat, rice, maize and barley. It is found in the arid and semi aridparts of the world, due to its feature of being

   extremely drought tolerant. The nutritional value of sorghum is same as of that of corn and that is why it is gaining importance as livestock feed. Sorghum is also used for ethanol production, producing grain alcohol, starch production, production of adhesives and paper other than being used as food and feed.

   Mustard : Mustard is the second most important and most prominent winter oilseed crop of India. It is grown mainly in the northern plains of India with some cultivated area in the eastern geography as well. It belongs to the group Cruciferae, with several cousin species cultivated. The others crops under the Rapeseed & Mustard category include Toria, Yellow Sarson, Brown Sarson, GobhiSarson or Canola and Black Mustard or Banarasi Rai. The small brown or yellow seeds contain up to 45 percent oil. The de- oiled cake is used as animal feed.

   Sugarcane : Sugarcane is a tropical, perennial grass that forms lateral shoots at the base to produce multiple stems, typically 3 to 4 m (10 to 13 ft) high and about 5 cm (2 in) in diameter. The stems grow into cane stalk which, when mature, constitutes around 75% of the entire plant. A mature stalk is typically composed of 1116% fiber, 1216% soluble sugars, 23% non-sugars, and 6373% water. A sugarcane crop is sensitive to climate, soil type, irrigation, fertilizers, insects, disease control, varieties, and the harvest period. The average yield of cane stalk is 6070 tonnes per hectare (2428 long ton/acre; 27 31 short ton/acre) per year. However, this figure can vary between 30 and 180 tonnes per hectare depending on knowledge and crop management approach used in sugarcane cultivation. Sugarcane is a cash crop, but it is also used as livestock fodder

   Types of Soils:

   1. Alluvial soil: Alluvial soil is rich in nutrients and may contain heavy metals. These soils are formed when streams and rivers slow their velocity. The suspended soil particles are too heavy for the decreasing current to carry and are deposited on the riverbed. The finest particles are deposited at the mouth of the river, forming a delta. Alluvial soils vary in mineral content and specific soil characteristics depending on the region and geologic

   2 . Black soil: This soil has high water holding capacity. So crops can be grown with less irrigation. It has high buffering and can hold nutrients in comparatively larger amount and for longer duration. This soil is very fertile and has been used traditionally for cotton cultivation leading to its name also.

   Table 1: Different Crops in various states

   Soil	Code
   Alluvial	AL
   Red	RD
   Black	BK
   Mountain	MN
   Laterite	LT
   Desert	DT

   States	Production	Profit
   Andhra Pradesh	Rice	63851.8391
   Andhra Pradesh	Jowar	10974.06918
   Andhra Praesh	Bajra	7414.478167
   Andhra Pradesh	Maize	31369.83628
   Andhra Pradesh	Ragi	5636.376098
   Andhra Pradesh	Wheat	0
   Andhra Pradesh	Barley	-1
   Andhra Pradesh	Gram	5058.972382
   Andhra Pradesh	Tur	0
   Andhra Pradesh	Groundnut	10177.46897
   Andhra Pradesh	Mustard	0
   Andhra Pradesh	Soyabean	7632.152855
   Andhra Pradesh	Sunflower	9739.718468
   Andhra Pradesh	Cotton	0
   Andhra Pradesh	Jute	-1
   Andhra Pradesh	Mesta	1609.930873
   Andhra Pradesh	Sugarcane	893130.4967
   Arunachal Pradesh	Rice	999.586564
   Arunachal	Jowar	-1

   States	Production	Profit
   Andhra Pradesh	Rice	63851.8391
   Andhra Pradesh	Jowar	10974.06918
   Andhra Pradesh	Bajra	7414.478167
   Andhra Pradesh	Maize	31369.83628
   Andhra Pradesh	Ragi	5636.376098
   Andhra Pradesh	Wheat	0
   Andhra Pradesh	Barley	-1
   Andhra Pradesh	Gram	5058.972382
   Andhra Pradesh	Tur	0
   Andhra Pradesh	Groundnut	10177.46897
   Andhra Pradesh	Mustard	0
   Andhra Pradesh	Soyabean	7632.152855
   Andhra Pradesh	Sunflower	9739.718468
   Andhra Pradesh	Cotton	0
   Andhra Pradesh	Jute	-1
   Andhra Pradesh	Mesta	1609.930873
   Andhra Pradesh	Sugarcane	893130.4967
   Arunachal Pradesh	Rice	999.586564
   Arunachal	Jowar	-1

   Table 2: Different soils

   Table3: Production Vs Profit in states

   Arunachal Pradesh	Rice	23809.59
   Arunachal Pradesh	Maize	9558.702
   Arunachal Pradesh	Wheat	20102.56
   Arunachal Pradesh	Tur	20000
   Arunachal Pradesh	Mustard	20223.32
   Arunachal Pradesh	Soyabean	24841.36
   Arunachal Pradesh	Sugarcane	111771.5
   Assam	Rice	47911.5
   Assam	Maize	4970
   Assam	Wheat	14087.5
   Assam	Gram	9866.19
   Assam	Tur	14140
   Assam	Mustard	17145
   Assam	Cotton	2676.5
   Assam	Jute	56854
   Assam	Mesta	13635
   Assam	Sugarcane	222357.7
   Bihar	Rice	26003.02
   Bihar	Jowar	7990.953

   Table 4 : Crop Vs Profit

2. CART ALGORITHM

   2.1 The Basis of CART Algorithm:

   Classification and Regression Trees (CART) are one implementation of Decision Trees.The non-terminal nodes of Classification and Regression Trees are the root node and the internal node. The terminal nodes are the leaf nodes. Each non-terminal node represents a single input variable

   (x) and a splitting point on that variable; the leaf nodes represent the output variable (y). The model is used as follows to make predictions: walk the splits of the tree to arrive at a leaf node and output the value present at the leaf node.

   The Classification algorithm is a Supervised Learning technique that is used to identify the category of new observations on the basis of training data. In Classification, a program learns from the given dataset or observations and then classifies new observation into a number of classes or

   	Pradesh			groups. Such as, Yes or No, 0 or 1, Spam or Not Spam, cat or dog, etc. Classes can be called as targets/labels or categories.
   	Arunachal Pradesh	Bajra	-1
   	Arunachal Pradesh	Maize	4482.932344
   	Arunachal Pradesh	Ragi	-1

   	Pradesh			groups. Such as, Yes or No, 0 or 1, Spam or Not Spam, cat or dog, etc. Classes can be called as targets/labels or categories.
   	Arunachal Pradesh	Bajra	-1
   	Arunachal Pradesh	Maize	4482.932344
   	Arunachal Pradesh	Ragi	-1

   The algorithm which implements the classification on a dataset is known as a classifier. There are two types of Classifications:

   Binary Classifier: If the classification problem has only two possible outcomes, then it is called as Binary Classifier. Examples: YES or NO, MALE or FEMALE, SPAM or NOT SPAM, CAT or DOG, etc.

   Multi-class Classifier: If a classification problem has more than two outcomes, then it is called as Multi-class Classifier.

   Example: Classifications of types of crops, Classification of types of music.

3. NAVIE BAYES ALGORITHM

3.1 The Basis of naïve Bayes Algorithm:

Naïve Bayes algorithm is a supervised learning algorithm, which is based on Bayes theorem and used for solving classification problems.

It is mainly used in text classification that includes a high- dimensional training dataset.

Naïve Bayes Classifier is one of the simple and most effective Classification algorithms which helps in building the fast machine learning models that can make quick predictions.

It is a probabilistic classifier, which means it predicts on the basis of the probability of an object.

Some popular examples of Naïve Bayes Algorithm are spam filtration, Sentimental analysis, and classifying articles.

Bayes' Theorem:

Bayes' theorem is also known as Bayes' Rule or Bayes' law, which is used to determine the probability of a hypothesis with prior knowledge. It depends on the conditional probability.

The formula for Bayes' theorem is given as:

Where,

P(A|B) is Posterior probability: Probability of hypothesis A on the observed event B.

P(B|A) is Likelihood probability: Probability of the evidence given that the probability of a hypothesis is true.

P(A) is Prior Probability: Probability of hypothesis before observing the evidence.

P(B) is Marginal Probability: Probability of Evidence.

Experimental Results:

CONCLUSION

Based on the result of profit, soil test, yield we can generate specific hypothesis and by maintaining the root of the decision making we can easily recognize which crop is best in various states with the help of Decision tree Algorithm and Naïve Bayes Algorithm

REFERENCES

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