Preliminary Observation of Physico-Chemical Characteristic of Industrial Waste water Influenced by Textile and Dyeing Based Industries of Pali

Preliminary Observation of Physico-Chemical Characteristic of Industrial Waste water Influenced by Textile and Dyeing Based Industries of Pali

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181

Vol. 1 Issue 4, June – 2012

Preliminary Observation of Physico-Chemical Characteristic of Industrial Waste water Influenced by Textile and Dyeing Based Industries of Pali.

Name of Authors and Address:-

Dr. Anil Choudhary

Associate Professor, Department of Zoology,

Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur-342010 (Rajasthan)

Deepak Ojha

Research Scholar, Department of Zoology,

Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur-342010 (Rajasthan) (M.SC. M.Phil. NET in Environmental Science)

Communication Address:-

Deepak Ojha S/o Sh. Mahendra Kumar 188, Janta Colony, College Road-Pali

Pin – 306401

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181

Vol. 1 Issue 4, June – 2012

Anil Choudhary and Deepak Ojha*

Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur-342010 (Rajasthan)

Abstract

In the present investigation textile based effluent were collected during November 2009 to April 2011, from the inlet and outlet of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) of Mandia Road and Punayta Road Unit I,II,III,IV, which treated the textile and dyeing industrial waste-water of Pali. These studies find out that the discharge effluents from CETPs are not proper Treated. These effluents have high values of temperature, pH, TSS, TDS, alkalinity, hardness, COD and BOD as recommended by CPCB and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). It may be adversely affect groundwater quality and agricultural land of the downstream area of Bandi River.

Key Word: Waste Water, CETP, Effluent, Treatment, COD, BOD.

Introduction

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181

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Water pollution is one of the major problems caused by industrial effluent in Pali Rajasthan. The printing and dyeing industries cover major portion of industrial section in Pali. The wastewater discharged through these industries is of toxic nature that was also reported by Satish, et., al, (2008). In this study, it was reported that improper treated wastewater from textile and dyeing industries of Pali affecting ground water quality and its surrounding areas due to discharge of improper treated Effluent from CETPs.

It was also reported the Pollution in Bandi River by Textile industries of Pali from Rajasthan Patrika, Dainik Bhasker, and Center for Science and Environment, (Dec.2007and May.2006).

Study Area:

Pali is near to Jodhpur about 75 km. It connects to Pali from NH 65. Pali district directly connects to eight districts of Rajasthan. The wastewater emanating from textile and dyeing industries of Pali is treated in CETPs located at Punayta Road and Mandia Road Industrial area.

These Industrial Area located at longitude 73o19 11 East and latitude 25o4723 North. Mandia Road Industrial Area (MRIA) was developed by RIICO in the year 1978, as Industrial Area Phase III. and Punayta Road Industrial Area was developed in 1996-1997. It derived this name as the road leading to Mandia and Punayta village passes through this industrial area.

Materials and Methods

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181

Vol. 1 Issue 4, June – 2012

The wastewater emanates from textile and dyeing industries of Pali is treated in CETPs located at Punayta Road and Mandia Road Industrial areas. Mandia Road CETPs (unit I, II) receives wastewater from Mandia Road industrial area (Phase III), Bajrang Bari, Sumerpur Road and Opposite Bandi River. Whereas CETPs (unit III, IV) located at Punayta Road receives wastewater from industrial area-Phase (I, II), Maharaja Shree Umaid Mills and Mahaveer Udyog Nagar.

Water samples of industrial effluents were collected from dyeing and printing units of different industrial area during the study period. In the present study waste water samples were collected in November 2009 to April 2011 from the inlet and outlet of Common Effluent Treatment Plants of Mandia Road and Punayta Road Unit I, II, III, IV.

The water samples were collected in BOD bottles of 300 ml capacities. All these bottles were carried in laboratory in ice box for analysis of different physico-chemical parameters and analyzed by standard methods (APHA 1998).

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

Vol. 1 IssueIS4S,NJu: n2e27- 82-0011281

Observation Table:-

Table 1-Mandia Road CETPs (unit I, II) Inlet and Outlet effluents Parameter

PH Hardness TDS Temp. COD Alkalinity TSS D.O. BOD

Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet

All value in mg/lit exempt pH

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

Vol. 1 IssueIS4S,NJu: n2e27- 82-0011281

Table 2-Punayta Road CETPs (unit III, IV) Inlet and Outlet effluents Parameter

PH Hardness

TDS Temp. COD

Alkalinity

TSS D.O. BOD

Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet Outlet Inlet

Sample of November 09,January10,Marcp0,May10,July10,September10,November10,January11,Marcp1collected from CETP Unit III Sample of December09,Februray10,April10,June10,Augest10,October10,December10,February11,April11 collected from CETP Unit IV All value in mg/lit exempt pH

Results and Discussion

International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181

Vol. 1 Issue 4, June – 2012

All data and samples collected from November 2009 to April 2011.All effluent parameters Minimum, Maximum and Average Value find out.

The treated waste water from CETPs is discharged in to Bandi River. These discharged effluents have high values of pH, COD, BOD, Hardness, TDS, alkalinity, TSS, and Temperature. (Table 1 & 2). Treated water is turbid, coloured and has odour which shows its undrinkable quality and unsuitability for agriculture purpose due to its toxic nature. In this investigation it is found that significant variation was noticed in the values of different parameters of inlet and outlet samples. This study was started due to reporting by Rajasthan Patrika, Dainik Bhasker, and Center for Science and Environment, (Dec.2007and May2006), the Pollution in Bandi River by Textile industries of Pali. Satish et.al. (2008) studied that CETPs of Pali not working properly. Their improper treated effluent can be converting the fertile land into Barren land and this effluent is slow poison for Human being which is using it. That was also reported by Kushal et., al., (2005), that the Ground Water Quality Monitoring in Problem Area of Jodhpur and Pali Districts of Rajasthan. That type of study also done by Bharti et.al, (2004), to find out the Toxicity of improper treated textile based effluents of jodhpur and their effect on Aquatic animals (Saccobranchus fossilis).This type of study was also reported by Bharati, et., al., (1990).

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Mandia Road CETPs (unit I, II) and Punayta RInotearnadtioCnalEJoTurnPal sof (EungnineietrinIgIRIe,seIarVch)&:-Technology (IJERT)

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At Inlet of CETPs of Mandia road effluents pH varies from 8.1 (November,

2010) to 10.0 (January, 2010) with the average value of 8.94.The outlet of CETPs of Mandia road effluents pH was 7.5 (February, 2011, Table-1) to 8.8 Recorded (March, 2011, Table-1).The Average value of PH 8.03 Observed. At Inlet of CETPs of Punayta Road effluents pH varies from 8.0(April,2010,March, 2011, Table-2) to 10.5 (December,2009,& March,2010, Tabel-2) with the average value of 8.94 recorded. The outlet of CETPs of Punayta road effluents pH was 7.4(October, 2010, & March, 2011, Table-2) to

9.0 Recorded (March, 2011, Table-1).The Average value of pH 8.144 Observed. The high value of pH may be due to minerals assemblage and several physico chemical characters of industrial effluent. Similar results were also supported by Dhanapal, et. al.,(1990).

The Hardness of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road recorded from 400 mg/lit (April, 2011, Table-1) to 880 mg/lit (September 2010,Table-1).The Average Inlet value of Hardness 682.5 Observed. The Hardness of Outlet of effluent of CETPs of Mandia road was Recorded 320 mg/lit (April 2011, Table-

1) to 690 mg/lit (May 2010, Table-1).The Average Outlet value of Hardness

537.5 mg/lit. Observed. The Hardness of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Punayta road recorded from 460 mg/lit (October, 2010, Table-2) to 920 mg/lit (April, 2010, Table-2).The Average Inlet value of Hardness 751.66 mg/lit. Observed. The Hardness of Outlet of effluent of CETPs of Punayta road was Recorded

360 mg/lit (October, 2010, Table-2) to 730 mg/lit (February, 2011, Table-

2).The Average Outlet value of wHwwa.rijdernt.ceomss 556.66 mg /lit. recorded. This high 8

value of Hardness due to presence of calciumIntaernnadtionaml JoaugrnnaleofsEinugmineeriinng Reesefafrclhu&eTnetchnology (IJERT)

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sample in large quantity. High value of effluent Hardness were also reported by

several authors Bharti,et.al., (2004).

The TDS of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road varies from 4020 mg/lit (April, 2011, Table-1) to 8800 mg/lit (July 2010, Table-1).The Average Inlet value of TDS 6580 mg/lit. Observed. The TDS of Outlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road varies from 4090 mg/lit (April, 2011, Table-1) to 10800 mg/lit (December, 2009, Table-1).The Average Inlet value of TDS 7710 mg/lit. Observed. The TDS of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Punayta road varies from 5010 mg/lit (February, 2011, Table-2) to 9400 mg/lit (January, 2010, Table- 2).The Average Inlet value of TDS 7512 mg/lit. Observed. The TDS of Outlet effluent of CETPs of Punayta road varies from 5570 mg/lit (February, 2011, Table-2) to 10900 mg/lit (January, 2010, Table-2).The Average Inlet value of TDS 8343.50 mg/lit. recorded. According to Rabinove et. al., (1958),the water containing the amount of TDS higher than permissible limits of 1000 mg/lit. (WHO 1992) is Saline water.

The Temperature of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road varies from 22.2 oc (February, 2010, Table-1) to 27.2 oc (August 2010, Table-1).The Average Inlet value of Temp. 24.17 oc recorded. The Temperature of Outlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road varies from 21.6 oc (November & December, 2009, Table-1) to 25.6 oc (July 2010,Table-1).The Average Outlet value of Temp. 23.43oc recorded. The Temperature of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Punayta road varies from 20.6 oc (December, 2009, & January, 2010, Table-2) to 28.3 oc

(May,2010, Table-2).The AveragwewIwn.iljeertt.covmalue of Temp. 24.15 oc recorded The 9

Temperature of Outlet effluent of CETPs of PunIanytertnaatiornoalaJdournvalaorfiEensginfeerroinmg Res2ea0rc.p& oTecchnology (IJERT)

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(January, 2011, Table-2) to 25.2oc (July 2010,Table-2).The Average Outlet

value of Temp. 23.43oc recorded. Variations in Temperature directly affecting the effluents D.O. It was also observed by Higorani,et.al., (1977). Similar results were also supported by Dhanapal, et. al., (1990).

The COD of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road varies from 1220 mg/lit (February 2011,Table-1) to 3300 mg/lit.( March, 2010, Table-1) .The Average Inlet value of COD 2211.50 mg/lit. Observed. The COD of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Punayta road varies from 1340 mg/lit (April, 2011,Table-2) to 3300 mg/lit.( March, 2010, Table-2) .The Average Inlet value of COD 2346 mg/lit. Observed. The COD of Outlet effluent of CETPs of Punayta road varies from 280mg/lit. (April, 2011, Table-2) to 1960 mg/lit. (March, 2010, Table-2).The Average Outlet value of COD 1011 mg/lit. recorded. High concentration of COD was also recorded by several authors such as Prasad,et.al., (1994), Sukla,et.al., (1968). The COD of Outlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road varies from 240 mg/lit. (March, 2011, Table-1) to 1860 mg/lit. (January, 2010, Table-1).The Average Outlet value of COD 842 mg/lit. recorded.

The Alkalinity of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road was varies 520 mg/lit. (January, 2011, Table-1) to 1160 mg/lit. (May, 2010, Table-1).The Average Inlet value of Alkalinity 833.50 mg/lit. Observed. The Alkalinity of Outlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road was varies from 210 mg/lit. (December, 2010, Table-1) to 650 mg/lit. (January, 2010, Table-1).The Average Outlet value of Alkalinity 399.35 mg/lit. recorded. The Alkalinity of Inlet effluent of

CETPs of Punayta road was variesww4w8.i0jertm.cogm /lit. (January, 2011, Table -2) to 1140 10

mg/lit. (May, 2010, Table-2).The Average Inlet vInatelrunaetioonafl JoAurlnkal aoflEinngiinteyeri8ng5R3esemarchg&/lTietc.hnology (IJERT)

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Observed. The Alkalinity of Outlet effluent of CETPs of Punayta road was

varies from 210 mg/lit. (February, 2011, Table-2) to 668 mg/lit. (November, 2010, Table-2).The Average Outlet value of Alkalinity 436 mg/lit. recorded. This high Alkalinity was due to bicarbonates, sulphides and chromates that was also suggested by Manivasakam,et.al., (1987).

The TSS of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road was varies from 660 mg/lit. (January, 2011, Table-1) to 1940 mg/lit. (February, 2010, Tabel-1).The Average Inlet value of TSS 1351.80 mg/lit. Observed. The TSS of Outlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road varies from 160 mg/lit. (January and March, 2011, Tabel-1) to 890 mg/lit. (February, 2010, Tabel-1).The Average Outlet value of TSS is 388.20 mg/lit. Observed. The TSS of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Punayta road was varies from 300 mg/lit. (January, 2010, Table-2) to 1920 mg/lit. (June, 2010, Tabel-2).The Average Inlet value of TSS 1360.55 mg/lit. Observed. The TSS of Outlet effluent of CETPs of Punayta road varies from 120 mg/lit. (December, 2010, Tabel-2) to 880 mg/lit. (April, 2010, Tabel-2).The Average Outlet value of TSS is 442.50 mg/lit. recorded

The DO of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road was 0.8 mg/lit (Nov.2009, Table 1) and Outlet Treated Effluents DO of theses CETPS was only 0.6 mg/lit (Nov.2009, Table 1) observed. The inlet and outlet effluents of Punayta Road CETPs Dissolve oxygen Nil (zero) found. Decreasing of oxygen level may be due to high organic load in industrial waste. The organic and inorganic salt, heavy metal might have interfered normal concentration of oxygen level. It was

also observed by Quasim,et.al.,(1960) and HiIgntoerrnaatinonia,leJto.uarnla.l ,of E(n1gi9ne7er7ing).ResSeaircmh &ilTaerchnology (IJERT)

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results were also supported by Dhanapal, et. al., (1990).

The BOD of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road varies from 120 mg/lit. (September, 2010, Tabel-1) to 825 mg/lit. (March, 2010, Tabel-1).The Average Inlet value of BOD is 366.60 mg/lit. Observed. The BOD of Outlet effluent of CETPs of Mandia road 20 mg/lit. (September, October, November, 2010, March and April 2011, Tabel-1) to 110 mg/lit. (January, 2010, Tabel-1).The Average Outlet value of BOD is 44.7 mg/lit. Observed. The BOD of Inlet effluent of CETPs of Punayta road varies from 90 mg/lit. (April, 2011, Tabel-2) to 990 mg/lit. (April, 2010, Tabel-1).The Average Inlet value of BOD is 398.20 mg/lit. Observed. The BOD of Outlet effluent of CETPs of Punayta road 25 mg/lit. (October, 2010, Tabel-2) to 320 mg/lit. (January, 2010, Tabel-2).The Average Outlet value of BOD is 78.50 mg/lit. Observed. This result showing the increasing of the BOD load in Effluent is due to decreasing of DO . Similar results were also observed by Sawer, et. al., (1946), that hydrosulphide, sulphide and Sulphur dyes causes depletion of dissolve oxygen and increasing the BOD which causing adversely effect on aquatic life. That was also supported by Manivasakam, et. al., (1987), Ruchhaft, et. al., (1990) observed variation in BOD velocity constant, of sewage dilution.

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International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)

ISSN: 2278-0181

Vol. 1 Issue 4, June – 2012

Anon 2007, Report of the proceedings of the technical workshop on operation and management of CETPs, jointly organized by Bhopal Zonal office of the Central Pollution Control Board and the Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board, Jodhpur, January 18-19,mimeo.

APHA 1998. Standard methods for the Examination of water and waste water, American Public Health Association, Washington DC, USA, 20th edition.

Assessing Mutagenicity of Textile Dyes from Pali (Rajasthan) Using Ames Bioassay, N. Mathur, P. Bhatnagar, and P. Bakre.

Bharti, M. and Choudhary, A.(2004):Pollution studies on Textile based Industries of Jodhpur and Toxicity of their Effluent on a fresh water fish, Saccobranchus fossilis (Bleeker).Ph.D. Thesis. Jai Narayan Vyas University, Jodhpur (Rajasthan)

Bharati, S.G. and Krishna Murthy (1990) : Effects of industrial effluent on river kali around Dandeli Karnataka. India J. Environ. health. 32(2) 167-71.

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Dakota.US Geol. Surface Water Supply Paper.1428.72.

Ruchhaft, C.C.,O.R. Plack,J and Kachmar,C.E.(1990), Variation in BOD velocity constant of Sewage dilution India.Eng.Chemi.40(3)1290-98.

Satish and Sharma K C., (2008), Waste Water Management with reference of Textile & Dyes Industries of Pali District. M.Phil Thesis (Environmental Management), M.D.S. University, Ajmer

Sawer,C.W. and Brandey,L. (1946). Modernization of the BOD test for determining the efficiency of the Sewage treatment process. Sew.Work.J. 18(1): 113-19.

Singh k.and v., (2005), Report on Ground water Quality Monitoring in problem Area of Jodhpur and Pali District of Rajasthan, CPCB, RPCB, Jaipur, mimeo.

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Correspondence to Author: Deepak Ojha, Research Scholar, Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University,Jodhpur-342010 (Rajasthan),

Email : deepak_env221193@yahoo.co.in

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