Reconfigurable Multiband Patch Antenna

Reconfigurable Multiband Patch Antenna

1Shakhi Patle

1 EXTC,

1 MGM College of Engineering and Technology,

1Kamothe, Navi Mumbai, India

2Mrs. Shashiprbha

2 EXTC,

2MGM College of Engineering and Technology, 1Kamothe,

Navi Mumbai, India

Abstract – This paper presents the emergence of reconfigurable antenna for the developments in wireless technology. The proposed work deals with the design of low-profile, reconfigurable, tunable multiband patch antenna for different types of wireless applications such as Wi-Fi, Wi-max, Bluetooth ,3G within a microwave L, S, C, and X frequency bands in Electromagnetic Spectrum, cognitive radio applications. Today, different antennas are preferred for different wireless applications. The major issues are increased complexity and the size of the devices. By using proposed technique, the selection of different frequency band in communication systems can be conveniently served by only one antenna. The proposed antenna consists of rectangular patch designed with U-shape slot with three RF PIN diodes placed at different position on the ground plane to achieve frequency reconfigurability i. e. to select different frequency band depending upon wireless applications.The analysis are performed using Agilent Advanced Design System software. The main advantage of this design is that the proposed antenna is having low profile, light weight, and easy to fabricate.

Keywords – ADS Software, Microstrip Patch Antenna, Multiband, Reconfigurable, RF PIN Diode.

1. INTRODUCTION

   In todays world all the systems are going wireless for good compatibility and flexibility. A successful emerging trend in the wireless communication system is the reconfigurable antenna system. Reconfigurable Antennas that can be used for multiple purposes like select several frequency bands, tune resonances, change polarization and modify their radiation patterns, made their development imperative in modern telecommunication systems. Conventional antennas are more costly and complicated because it uses external variable power and phase distribution network which feeds antenna elements.To resolve above issuses proposed a reconfigurable antenna which uses external variable

   power and phase distribution network which feeds antenna elements and resonate at different frequencies at different

   position on the ground plane to achieve frequency reconfigurability. This proposed antenna can radiate different frequencies for different wireless applications with stable radiation characteristics and considerable bandwidth and low operating frequency ratio in OFF and ON states of the PIN diodes [6]-[8]

   In the rest of paper is organised as follows: Section II provides design and simulation result of Simple rectangular patch antenna. Section III provides design of reconfigurable multiband patch antenna. Section IV provides simulation and measured result of proposed reconfigurable antenna. Section V provides the conclusion followed by references.

2. MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA DESIGN AND ITS RESULTS

   Proposed rectangular patch antenna designed on FR4 substrate with relative permittivity of r = 4.34 and height of substrate is h = 1.5 millimeter (mm). To design this antenna, Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS, Ver. 2011.05) software is used. Fig.1 shows the simple microstrip patch antenna [9]-[10].

   L=26.3

   W = 36.7 mm

   W = 36.7 mm

   1mm

   42.51 mm

   time by using switches therefore reduces the cost and overall size of the system [1]-[4].

   w = 2.90 mm

   X= 8.377 mm

   Reconfigurability of an antenna is achieved by the use of micro electromechanical systems (RF-MEMS),RF PIN diodes ,varactor diodes, photoconductive elements, or on the physical variation of the antenna radiating structure or on the use of other materials such as ferrites and liquid crystals redistribution of the currents ,or equivalently, the electromagnetic fields on the/antenna's effective aperture. Among them RF PIN diodes are mostly used for swithcing because of its characteristics like compact dimensions, low cost, low insertion loss, reasonable isolation, very reliable and high switching speed [5].

   In this paper rectangular patch is designed with U- shape slot with three RF PIN diodes placed at different

   Fig. 1 Designed Microstrip Patch Antenna

   Above rectangular patch antenna is a designed using following equations,

   Width of Microstrip patch antenna is calculated by following equation,

   W = = 36.7 mm (1)

   Where c is the speed of light (3 x 108 m/s), fr is the resonate frequency 2.7 GHz and r is the dielectric permittivity of 4.34.

   The effective dielectric constant is obtained by referring to equation:

   reff = = 4.02 (2)

   Where, reff is the effective dielectric constant and h is the thickness of dielectric substrate.

   Effective Length of Microstrip Patch antenna is calculated by following equation,

   Leff = = 27.68 mm (3)

3. SIMULATION RESULT OF SIMPLE PATCH ANTENNA

   After analysis it resonant at of 2.7 GHz frequency with -38 dB returns loss as shown in Fig.2 This antenna can be used for Wi-Max application.

   = 0.412

   = 0.68 mm (4)

   Where, is length extension.

   Actual length of Microstrip patch antenna is,

   L = Leff 2 = 26.32 mm (5)

   Width of feed for an impedance of 50 is calculated using following equations,

   (6)

   A =

   1.5214

   (7)

   B = = 5.69

   W=

   = 2.90 mm (8)

   Distance between feed and lower side of antenna is calculated using following equation,

   X = = 8.377mm (9)

   Fig.2 Frequency characteristic (S11 parameter)

4. RECONFIGURABLE MULTIBAND PATCHE ANTENNA DESIGN

   CASE A: When all diodes are in OFF conditions

   (7)

   (7)

   To achieve dual frequency operation U-shape slot is inserted in simple patch with three RF Pin diodes D1, D2, D3 which is placed in middle of each slot in above design. Fig.3 shows the U-shape slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna Design with three RF PIN diodes. In this case all three pin diodes are in off conditions. For this designed FR4 dielectric material is used for substrate of height h = 1.5 mm and r = 4.34. Antenna is fed with a 50 coaxial cable. Slot should be placed carefully to obtain multiband frequency [11].

   Fig. 3 U-Slot Antenna with three pin diodes in off conditions

   Fig.4 shows the Simulation and measured result of antenna given in Case A. Multiple frequencies are obtained in various bands such as C band (4 to 8 GHz) and X band (8 to 10GHz) by inserting the U-shape slot.

   Fig. 4 Frequency characteristic (S11 parameter)

   In this case A, all Pin Diodes are off. Fig. 4 shows the simulated and measured return loss of optimized reconfigurable antenna as given in Table I.

   TABLE I. RESONANT FREQUENCY AND ITS

   RETURN LOSS

   Frequency (GHz)	Return loss (dB)
   4.5	-20
   5.5	-12
   8.2	-14
   9.9	-19

   CASE B: When all diodes are in ON condition

   In this case, three pin diodes D1, D2, D3 are in on conditions and dimensions of Microstrip Patch Antenna are same as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 shows the position of pin diodes inserted in U-shape slot of Microstrip Patch Antenna.

   1. (b)

      (c) (d)

      Fig. 6 Current distribution at a) 2.9 GHz b) 3 GHz (c) 5.1 GHz (d) 7.35GHz

      Fig. 7 shows the Simulation and measured result of antenna gven in Case B. The ON status of pin diodes D1, D2 and D3 gives 2.9 GHz, 5 GHz, 7 GHz, 7.3GHz, 7.5 GHz, 8. 8 GHz, 9.5GHz frequencies as shown in Fig.7. Thus the frequencies are obtained in all the bands simultaneously.

      D1

      Pin Diode D2

      D3

      Fig. 5 Microstrip patch antenna with 3 pin diodes in on conditions inserted in U-shape slot

      In Fig. 5, 111 correspond to ON- ON- ON state of diodes. In Fig. 3 (Case-A) pin diodes are absent hence it can name as 000/OFF-OFF-OFF state. 0 means pin diode is OFF and 1 means pin diode is in ON state.

      Fig.6 shows current distribution of all the frequencies obtained when diodes D1, D2, and D3 are ON state.

      Fig. 7 Frequency characteristic for diode D1, D2 and D3 (S11 Parameter)

      CASE C: When two diodes are in ON condition

      In Fig.8 diode D2 and D3 are in ON condition and diode D1 in OFF state. Hence Fig. 8 can also name as 011/OFF-ON- ON state.

      Pin diode D3

      Pin diode D2

      Fig. 8 Reconfigurable Patch Antenna with 011 state of pin diode.

      Fig.9 shows current distribution of all the frequencies obtained when diodes D2 and D3 are ON state.

      (a) (b)

      (c) (d)

      Fig. 9 Current Distribution of condition when diodes D2 and D3

      Fig. 10 shows the Simulation and measured result of antenna given in Case C. When diode D1 is in OFF state and diodes D2 and D3are in ON state gives resonant frequencies at 1 GHz, 5 GHz, 6.9 GHz, 7.7GHz, 8.8 GHz, 9.5GHz.

      Fig. 10 Frequency characteristic for pin diode D2 and D3 (S11 Parameter)

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Table II shows all the possible combination of states of pin diodes D1, D2and D3. Depending upon the status of diodes, same patch antenna can be used for different wireless applications only ON and OFF states will be changed of pin diodes as given in Table II.

TABLE II WIRELESS APPLICATIONS DEPENDING UPON PIN DIODE STATUS

This Reconfigurable antenna has many practical applications. By turning Pin diode ON and OFF, antenna structure provides band of frequencies for Wi-Fi, WI-Max, 3G, UWB applications and its useful in a variety of system [12]. Thus for having applications Wi-Max and UWB simultaneously, the status of D3 can be anything. But D1 and D2 should be OFF. For applications like 3G, D1 can have any state but D2 and D3 should be ON. This antenna can replace all the 4 patches of by only single patch. The main advantage of this design is that it is having low profile, light weight, and easy to fabricate.

For smart reconfigurable antenna, Mat lab coding used which scan the frequency spectrum obtained from broadband antenna. The outputs of mat lab code which tell us what range of frequency spectrum meet. Based on this range, the configuration of proposed antenna will be selected.

V I. CONCLUSIONS

The proposed frequency reconfigurable antenna capable for changing frequency operation by using RF Pin diodes which is situated at different position on U-shape slot.Just by turning the pin diodes in ON and OFF state, the resonant frequency can be varied. This compact reconfigurable Microstrip patch antenna provides different band of frequencies such as L band, S band, C band and X band and used for different wireless applications.

REFERENCES:

1. Nageswara lalam, Maitri somani bangard, wireless reception for microcontroller based sensor networks International Journal of Advanced Computational Engineering and Networking Volume-1, Issue-10, pp.49- 53,Dec-2013.

2. Pavel Nikitin Honeywell Scanning and Mobility Lynnwood,WA,USAWirelesslyReconfigurableAntennapa vel.nikitin@honeywell.com

3. Christos G. Christodoulou, Fellow IEEE , Youssef Tawk, Steven A. Land,and Scott R. Erwin, Senior Member IEEE, Reconfigurable Antennas for Wireless and Space Applications IEEE Vol. 100, No. 7, pp.2250-2261,July 2012.

4. N. Haider, D. Caratelli, and A. G. Yarovoy, Recent Development Reconfigurable and Multiband Antenna Technology Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, pp.1-14,30 January 2013.

5. Seung-Bok Byun, Jeong-An Lee, Jong-Hyuk Lim, and Tae- YeoulYun Reconfigurable Ground-Slotted Patch Antenna Using PIN Diode Switching ETRI Journal, Volume 29, Number 6, December 2007.

6. Preet Kaur1, Asok De2 and S. K. Aggarwal3, Design of a novel reconfigurable fractal antenna for multi-band application International Journal Advanced Science and Technology Vol.62, pp.103-112,(2014).

7. Preet Kaur1,S.K.aggarwal2 and Asok De, Reconfigurable Inverted Circular Patch Antenna for Wireless Applications International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol.70, pp.55-64, (2014).

8. Dr. T.shanmuganantham, Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna with Switchable L-Shaped Slots for Wireless Applications International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Vol. 2(11), 2010,pp. 6173-6178.

9. Hamid Torpi and Yasin Damgac³ Design of Dual-band Reconfigurable Smart Antenna Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium 2007

10. Japatosh Mondal, Member, IACSIT, Sobuj Kumar Ray, Member, IACSIT,Md. Shah Alam, and Md. Mezanur Rahman Design Smart Antenna by Microstrip Patch Antenna Array IACSIT International Journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, No. 6, December 2011

11. Ibrahim Tekin1, Michael Knox2, Reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna for WLAN Software Defined Radio applications tekin@sabanciuniv.edu

12. J. Costantine1, Y. Tawk1, CG. Chrnstodouloou, S. B. Barbint3, A Star Shaped Reconfigurable Patch Antenna 2009 IEEE.