Simulation for Evaluating and Improving Sensor Sensitivity by Using MEMS System

Simulation for Evaluating and Improving Sensor Sensitivity by Using MEMS System

K. Malarvizhi 1, A.Vijay 2, Dr.G. K. D. Prasanna Venkatesan3,.

Post Graduate student- ME in Communication Systems1, Assistant Professor2, Vice Principal, Professor and Head3 Department of E.C.E., PGP College of Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India.

Abstract Fast advances in computation Sensing and information transmission techniques like microelectromechanical systems and low power wireless networking of a replacement generation of tiny and cheap. During this project is planned for brand new manner of WSN for observance buildings to assess earthquake harm. A custom- developed electrical phenomenon micro-electromechanical systems strain and three-D acceleration sensors and a low power readout application-specified integrated circuit for electric battery lifetime of up to twelve years. The strain sensors are mounted at the bottom of the building to live the settlement associated plastic hinge activation of the building when an earthquake. They live sporadically or on-demand from the bottom station. The accelerometers are mounted at each floor of the building to live the seismal response of the building throughout associate earthquake. They record throughout associate earthquake event employing a combination of the native acceleration information and remote triggering from the bottom station supported the acceleration information from multiple sensors across the building. During this follow random readying rather than progressive readying during this planned system so as to extend coverage space of sensors that reduces the price and count of sensors and routers. Conjointly enhance existing approach by implementing clump at node level that improves the info transmission rate in an efficient manner

KeywordsWireless Sensor Networks,MEMS(Micro Electro Mechsnical Systems,Random Deployment,Structral Health Monitoring,Remote Monitoring.

1. INTRODUCTION

   Earthquake observance may be a technology that measures vibrations of structures throughout earthquakes. Dense sensing element readying in a very wide space contributes to advancements of earthquake engineering. Researchers of earthquake engineering have an interest in obtaining raw and time-synchronized acceleration measurements from sensors deployed on building structures. Previous works propose ways to get acceleration

   measurements from densely deployed wire-less sensors. However, doesn't offer a user with time- synchronous information. Some studies provides time-synchronized information, isn't appropriate for earthquake observance as a result of its target is close vibrations.

   For this purpose a replacement kind of environmental sensing element network is critical, providing on – line real time information retrieval while not cable association. Resent analysis within the space of sensing element network development specialize in the combination of small sensing elements (MEMS) in unexpected wireless sensor networks operational in practical spatial information infrastructures.

   SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

   Sensitivity analysis is uncertainty in the output of a system distribute to different sources uncertainty inputs. Each node has a different sensitivity level. For example first node has more sensitive than fifth one. The spring constant will increase fifth vibration node have more sensitive than others nodes. Spring constant has significant effect on the micro electro mechanical systems.

2. RELATED WORK

   The sensing network measurement provided the plan for post-processing by a choice Supporting System (DSS) which is able to mechanically assess the condition state associate degreed counsel and best maintenance strategy for the building.

   Rapid advances in computation, sensing and knowledge transmission techniques, like RFID technology, Micro- Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) and low power wireless networking, provide hope of a brand new generation of little and cheap networked sensors. These may be distributed in buildings and structures to produce correct quantitative data on the physical state of the structure whereas in commission.

   The EU-funded MEMSCON project aims to develop MEMS-based sensors for structural observance and to integrate these sensors with a choice network that may use

   the knowledge from the sensors to gauge concrete buildings

   .This both before and after earthquakes, to aid decisions on improvement and repair. Though these days the appraisal of unstable injury is sort of completely supported visual examination, activity quantitatively the response of buildings throughout associate degreed once an earthquake, in terms of acceleration and strain, is a simple task. But structure house owners are somehow reluctant to put in permanent sensing systems, due each to their high prices and to the issue of deciphering the information. To beat these limitations, the MEMCON project aims to supply atiny low size sensing node, desegregation MEMS-based sensors associate degreed an RFID tag in a very single package. Such nodes will then be connected to concrete buildings for life-cycle measurements of acceleration and strain, with knowledge transmitted to a foreign base station employing wireless interface.These nodes can enable economically property industrial preparation of structural observance systems. This paper presents the event of the primary prototypes of strain and acceleration sensors, and their validation within the laboratory.

   The analysis of unstable injury is these days virtually completely supported visual examination, as building house owners are typically reluctant to put in permanent sensing systems, because of their high installation, management and maintenance prices.

   To overcome this limitation, the EU-funded MEMSCON project aims to supply little size sensing nodes for menstruation of strain and acceleration, desegregation Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) primarily based sensors and frequency Identification (RFID) tags in a very single package that may be connected to concrete buildings. To cut back the impact of installation and management, knowledge is transmitted to a foreign base station employing a wireless interface. Throughout the project, detector prototypes were made by collection pre- existing parts and by developing ex-novo miniature devices with ultra-low power consumption and sensing performance on the far side that offered by sensors offered on the market.

   This paper outlines the device in operation principles, production theme and dealing at each unit and network levels. It conjointly reports on validation campaigns conducted within the laboratory to assess system performance. Measuring instrument sensors were tested on a reduced scale metal frame mounted on a shaking table, back to back with reference devices, whereas strain sensors were embedded in each reduced and complete concrete specimens undergoing increasing deformation cycles up to intensive injury and collapse. This paper assesses the economical property and performance of the sensors developed for the project and discusses their pertinence to semi permanent unstable observance.

   The existing system is wishing to high power and highly linear thus modification the battery in persistently. Thus we want the low power consumptions battery. In our proposed system are low power, low noise and conjointly increasing

   the sensitivity level it gives smart accuracy. The life time of the battery is up to twelve years.

3. PROPOSED SYSTEM

   The wireless system for building observance takes advantage of the distinctive options f custom-developed MEMS sensors associate degreed read-out ASIC combined with an optimized network and module design, to understand an answer that offers long battery period of time and probably low price in producing, installation and maintenance, whereas providing high-quality detector knowledge at the correct time.

   Buildings will more and more accumulate injury throughout their operational period of time, because of unstable events, unforeseen foundation settlement, material aging, style error, etc. Periodic observance of the structure for such injury is so a key step in rationally designing the upkeep required to ensure associate degree adequate level of safety and unstableness. However, so as for the installation of a for good put in sensing system in buildings to be economically viable, the detector modules should be wireless to cut back installation prices, should operate with a less power consumption to cut back service prices of commutation batteries, and use low price sensors which will be mass made like MEMS sensors. As we follow the random deployment for sensor network, the area of coverage gets increased considerably. More number of topology dependent scheduling algorithms is there in which changes of topology automatically require for compute again of transmission schedules. The roof router transmits the signals to base station.

   Fig1. Block Diagram

   1. STRAIN SENSING MODULES

      The main measurement is periodic readout for strain sensor. Samples are taken at a configurable sample rate between 10 seconds and 18 hours. The strain sensor modules use a radio polling interval of 60 seconds. This also allows manual wake-up functionality from the base station, again useful for monitoring and testability reasons. Unlike for the accelerometers, in the case of the strain sensors the sensor and read-out ASIC can be entirely shut down between measurements. This results in a lower power consumption and longer battery life. Since a typical building requires many more strain sensors than accelerometer

      modules, it is useful for the strain sensors to have the longest battery service life.

   2. ACCELERATION SENSING MODULE

      The main trigger for the recording of an acceleration measurement is the detection of the start of an earthquake. The detection is done using a distributed earthquake detection mechanism. When the output of the built-in accelerometer in a selected number of monitoring nodes exceeds a certain minimum threshold, during a certain minimum time, these monitoring nodes provide alerts to the base station. The base station software will decide based on the number of monitoring nodes providing alerts whether to wake up the entire network of acceleration sensing nodes over the radio the monitoring nodes are selected based on their location and amount of environmental noise. Ground level nodes may be suitable candidates, provided they are sufficiently far removed from disturbance sources such as heavy traffic. The selection of monitoring nodes can be done dynamically from the base station. This allows for example to disable the monitoring function on nodes that report unusually high numbers of false alarms. To that purpose, the hardware and software of the monitoring nodes are identical to that of the non-monitoring nodes. The monitoring function is an optional function which can be enabled or disabled during operation by the base station. After the nodes have been woken up the recorded data is read out by the base station which sequentially requests the data of each sensor module.

   3. ENERGY CONSUMPTION

   Power consumption in the sensor modules and accelerometer modules and how it is broken down according to the different components of the system. The strain sensor modules total average power consumption is

   1. mW for and 1.73 mW for the accelerometer modules. With the abovementioned C-cell size battery this implies a battery life of 12 years for the strain sensor modules and 2 years for the accelerometer modules.

      ADVANTAGES

      • Low power

      • The hardware cost especially the no of sensors will gets reduced and the cost (energy for routing) will also get low.

      • Good Latency APPLICATIONS

   This system is employed to live the strength and damages of the buildings.

4. SIMULATION RESULTS

   Simulation model is administered mistreatment Network machine -2 and therefore the Protocol is enforced. In simulation model the most method is node creation, zone partition, latency and sensitivity versus linearity. The network animator results show all those method by mistreatment NS-2 simulation computer code. The mobile nodes are created for the transmission and therefore the reception method, mobile nodes are capable of transmit and receive the packets.

   Fig.2. NAM output showing Routing method

   Fig: 3 Nam output sensed event

   Fig.4 NAM output showing Zone Partition

   Fig 5 Xgraph showing Sensitivity Vs Linearity

   Fig.2 shows that routing method in mobile unintended network. Many nodes are created for routing, one node is allotted as supply and a few alternative nodes are formed as a sink. In between nodes are wont to transfer the packet or root the packet kind supply to the sink node.

   Fig.3 Nam output sensed the event in ground floor of the building and sent the signal to base station through router.

   Fig.4 shows that Relay node choice, this relay nodes are wont to forward the packets kind supply to the designation this relay node act as a forwarder

   Fig.6. XGraph compares the latency (time delay) between the prevailing and projected.

5. CONCLUSION

In this paper we have a tendency to propose the random preparation of detector network for unstable observance of buildings. Work offers higher results than the prevailing approaches space of coverage gets enlarged and therefore the frequency vary also gets enlarged by multihop routing. Our future work moves within the direction of research of effective slot assignment for detector network than this work.

REFERENCES

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[5]. M. Kruger, C. U. Grosse, and P. J. Marron, Wireless structural health monitoring using MEMS, Key Eng. Mater., vols. 293294, pp. 625634, Sep. 2005.

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AUTHORS PROFILE

1) K.Malarvizhi, Post Graduate student- ME in Communication Systems at PGP College of Engineering and Technology, Namakkal.

2)A.Vijay, Assistant Professor / Electronics and communication and Engineering Department at PGP College of Engineering and Technology, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India.

p>3)Dr.G.K.D.Prasanna Venkatesan, Completed Ph.D from College of Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, India. He is Currently Working as Vice-Principal, Professor & Head of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at PGP College of Engineering and Technology. Namakkal, Tamil nadu, India. His research interests includes Wireless Sensor Networks, 4G Wireless Networks, Cloud Computing,Adhoc Network, etc.,