Strength and Workability Assessment of Ordinary Concrete and Self-Compacting Concrete using Tandur Stone Slurry Powder – A comparison

Strength and Workability Assessment of Ordinary Concrete and Self-Compacting Concrete using Tandur Stone Slurry Powder – A comparison

S Sivacharan

Associate Professor

Civil Engineering Department,

Aditya College of Engineering and Technology, Surampalem, East Godavari District,

Andhra Pradesh, India

Y Sanjeeva Kumar

Assistant Executive Engineer, Andhra Pradesh Irrigation Department,

India

Abstract – Tandur Stone is a polished limestone available in Tandur town, Telangana State, India.

Tandur Stone Slurry Powder (TSP) is the powder that is being obtained upon drying of slurry while polishing Tandur stones which is lying as a waste at Tandur town outskirts.

An attempt has been made to assess the strength and workability behavior of ordinary concrete of M25 grade and Self-Compacting concrete of M25 grade by replacing cement with Tandur Stone Slurry Powder (TSP), to know the possibility of replacing cement by TSP in both Ordinary Concrete and Self-Compacting Concrete.

In this present experimental investigation, the behavior of Ordinary Concrete and Self-Compacting Concrete in terms of Workability and Strength is observed by replacing 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% of cement with TSP.

Standard cubes of 150mm x 150mm x 150mm and standard cylinders of 150mm diameter x 300mm height are considered for 7, 14 and 28 days Compressive Strength and Split Tensile Strength respectively.

In case of Ordinary Concrete, Slump Cone is used to test Workability whereas V-Funnel is used to test filling ability and L-Box is used to test filling and passing ability of Self- Compacting Concrete.

A comparison is made between the results thus obtained and traditional concrete. Also, the results are compared between TSP-replaced Ordinary Concrete and TSP- replaced Self-Compacting Concrete.

ABBREVIATIONS USED

OPC : Ordinary Portland Cement IST : Initial Setting Time

FST : Final Setting Time

CTM : Compression Testing Machine SCC : Self-Compacting Concrete TSP : Tandur Stone Slurry Powder

TSPC : Tandur Stone Slurry Powdered Cement TSPOC : Tandur Stone Slurry Powdered Ordinary Concrete

TSPSC : Tandur Stone Slurry Powdered Self- Compacting Concrete

INTRODUCTION

The idea of carrying out this experimental investigation is to see whether cement can be replaced by TSP or not and by what percentage it can be replaced so that Tandur town and its surroundings can be made clean and environmental friendly when this entire powder is transported to construction industries.

The idea also sprang up, when considerable amount of Calcium Oxide (CaO) is found in the chemical composition of TSP which is responsible for binding.

FIGURE 1 TSP at Tandur

The chemical analysis of TSP was done at Sagar Cements laboratory and the below table shows its composition.

TABLE 1 Chemical composition of TSP

LITERATURE REVIEW

TSP has been extensively used in Chalk industry, but so far not much work or research has been carried on TSP regarding its use in construction industry.

Many people have done extensive research work on replacing cement by fly ash, limestone powder, marble powder, marble slurry, rice husk ash, copper slag, blast furnace slag, etc. (see References).

But very few people have worked on replacement of cement by TSP as follows:

Ritica Thakur et.al, while guiding her students over a project, found that at 20% replacement of cement by TSP, Compressive strength, Split tensile strength and workability was found to be increasing. But beyond 20% replacement the strength kept on decreasing and workability was also decreasing. The work was carried on Ordinary Concrete of M20 grade.

M Anitha, while doing her MTech thesis, found that optimum compressive strength and split tensile strength for Ordinary Concrete of M25 grade was obtained at 12% replacement of cement by TSP.

WORK CARRIED ON THIS CURRENT INVESTIGATION

In this current investigation, Ordinary Concrete and Self-Compacting Concrete of M25 grade is considered. Compressive strength, split tensile strength, workability in terms of slump, filling and passing ability of the above said mixes were determined and compared at 0%, 20%, 40% and 60% replacement of cement by TSP.

MATERIALS, EQUIPMENT AND METHODS

TSP

As already discussed, TSP, a product of limestone, readily available in plenty of quantity at Tandur town outskirts as a waste is used in this project to replace cement partially. TSP is basically obtained upon drying of liquid Tandur stone (limestone) slurry while polishing Tandur stones.

FIGURE 2 Polished Tandur Stones

Fine Aggregate

The sand used for the experimental investigation was locally procured and conformed to Indian Standard Specifications IS: 383-1970. The properties of sand like specific gravity, water absorption, fineness modulus, etc. were already determined and used in the experimental work for carrying out mix design.

Coarse Aggregate

Rounded crushed coarse aggregate of 20 mm maximum size obtained from the local crushing plant, Keesera Gutta, Hyderabad is used in the present study. The physical properties of coarse aggregate like specific gravity, bulk density, gradation and fineness modulus are tested in accordance with IS : 2386.

Water

In the present experimental investigation, potable tap water is used for casting and curing.

Fly Ash

Fly ash used as additional powder in Self- compacting concrete in the present experimental work is as per specifications IS: 3812-1981. In the present investigation work, the fly ash used is obtained from Vijayawada Thermal Power Station in Andhra Pradesh.

Conplast SP 430ES2 (Admixture)

In the present investigation, the super plasticizer namely Conplast SP 430ES2 is used for developing Self- Compacting Concrete and obtained from UNITED ENGINEERING (India) Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad. It is a high performance concrete super plasticizer based on modified polycarboxylic ether.

Le-Chateliers Flask

Le-Chateliers flask is used to determine the specific gravity or density of powdered materials like hydraulic cement, lime and slag and TSP.

Vicat Apparatus

Vicat Apparatus is used to find consistency, initial setting time and final setting time of cement and TSP.

Le-Chateliers Apparatus

Le-Chateliers Apparatus is sed for determining the expansion of cement and TSP.

Cement

Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) of 53 grade from

90 Micron Sieve

90 micron sieve is used to fine the fineness of Cement and TSP.

Concrete Pan Mixer (Machine Mixing)

Mixing of concrete was carried out by machine. Machine mixing is not only efficient but also economical. This mixer is used to mix both Tandur Stone Slurry Powdered Ordinary Concrete (TSPOC) and Tandur Stone Slurry Powdered Self-Compacting Concrete (TSPSC).

Sagar Cement Industry is used in this work.

Slump Cone

A slump cone is used to measure the workability or fluidity of concrete. In this study, Slump Cone is used to measure the workability of Tandur Stone Slurry Powdered Ordinary Concrete (TSPOC).

Moulds

TABLE 3 Comparison of Physical Properties between Pure TSP and TSPC

The cement mortar is cast in to 7.06 cm cube moulds and concrete is cast in to cube moulds of size 150mmX150mmX150mm for Compression Strength Test, and cylindrical moulds of 300 mm height ×150 mm diameter are used for Split Tensile Strength Test.

Vibrating Table (Compaction of Concrete)

Compaction of concrete is done by using vibrating table. By this, the air voids are filled and maximum density is occurred.

Curing Tank

The curing tank used in this study is a cubical tank of size 1.5 X 1.5 X 1.5 m.

V-Funnel

The V funnel test is used to determine the filling ability (flowability) of the concrete with a maximum aggregate size of 20 mm. In this study, this apparatus is used to measure the filling ability of Tandur Stone Slurry Powdered Self- Compacting Concrete (TSPSC).

L-Box

The L Box assesses the flow of the concrete, and also the extent to which it is subject to blocking by reinforcement. In this study, this apparatus is used to assess the flow of Tandur Stone Slurry Powdered Self-Compacting Concrete (TSPSC).

Compression Testing Machine (CTM)

The CTM is used to determine the Compressive strength and Split tensile strength of both TSPOC and TSPSC specimens. Mix Design for Ordinary Concrete

The mix design of M25 grade ordinary concrete was carried out according to IS 10262: 2009.

Mix Design for Self-Compacting Concrete

EFNARC (European Federation of National Trade Associations) guidelines were followed for the mix design of M25 grade Self-Compacting Concrete.

RESULTS AND COMPARISONS

TABLE 2 Comparison of Physical Properties between OPC and Pure TSP

** Percentage shown in parenthesis is the percentage of cement replaced by TSP by weight.

TABLE 4 Comparison of Physical Properties between TSPOC and TSPSC

**Percentage shown in parenthesis is the percentage of cement replaced by TSP by weight.

CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSIONS

• Pure Tandur Stone Slurry Powder (TSP) on its own, without addition of any cement, was unable to retain its shape due to lack of bonding, when in contact with water.

• Since it was unable to retain its shape, it was not possible to obtain compressive strength, Soundness of Pure TSP.

• The remaining properties of Pure TSP like Specific gravity, Consistency and Initial Setting Time were found to be inferior when compared to OPC.

• Due to lack of hardening of Pure TSP, even after three days, it was not possible to get Final Setting Time.

• Only percentage fineness of Pure TSP was found to be better than OPC.

• But, when Cement is partially replaced by TSP, the TSPC thus obtained is giving satisfactory results at 20% TSP

• Compressive Strength and consistency of TSPC at 20% TSP gave satisfactory results, but from 20% TSP to 60% TSP, compressive strength of TSPC kept on decreasing.

• The Specific gravity and consistency of TSPC kept on increasing from 20% TSP to 60% TSP.

• The soundness of TSPC at all percentages of TSP was satisfactory and constant.

• The Initial Setting Time of TSPC was satisfactory at 20% TSP, but kept on increasing from 20% TSP to 60% TSP.

• The Final Setting Time of TSPC was found to be greater than 15 hours which is too long and its a matter of concern.

• The workability of Tandur Stone Slurry Powdered Ordinary Concrete (TSPOC) was satisfactory at 20% TSP and got improved from 20% TSP to 60% TSP.

• The workability (both V-Funnel and L Box values) of Tandur Stone Slurry Powdered Self Compacting Concrete (TSPSC) was satisfactory at 20% TSP and got improved from 20% TSP to 60% TSP.

• The compressive strength of both TSPOC and TSPSC is satisfactory and is equal to or slightly greater than that of the traditional concrete (without TSP) at 20% TSP.

• But from 20% TSP to 60% TSP, the compressive strength of TSPOC and TSPSC got decreased.

• Similarly, the Split Tensile Strength of both TSPOC and TSPSC is satisfactoy and is equal to or slightly greater than that of the traditional concrete (without TSP) at 20% TSP.

• But from 20% TSP to 60% TSP, the split tensile strength of TSPOC and TSPSC got decreased.

• Over all, all the tests performed on TSPC, TSPOC and TSPSC has shown that the results obtained were satisfactory with respect to consistency, workability, compressive strength and split tensile strength, when cement is replaced by 20% TSP.

• The compressive strength is maximum for TSPC, TSPOC and TSPSC at 20% TSP. Similarly, the Split Tensile Strength is maximum for TSPOC, TSPSC at 20% TSP.

SCOPE FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

• Further research can be carried out to find the reasons of absence of binding property in PURE TSP.

• Further work can be carried out on PURE TSP so that whether PURE TSP can be used as Admixture in the Construction industry

• As far as current findings are concerned, TSPC at 20% replacement is sufficient to attain maximum compressive strength, however further research could be carried out to obtain optimum strength by taking in the following % levels of TSP (by reducing percentage intervals) like 5, 10, 15, 25, 30 and 35 percentage, hoping that optimum strength may lie anywhere between 0 to 20% & 20 to 40%.

• From the research on TSPC, the FST values are more than 10hrs, further work to be carried out for reducing the FST values at optimum strength by using Accelerators (Chemical Admixture).

• Chemical analysis to be carried out on TSPC at optimum strength, to find the chemical compounds formed during chemical reaction between PURE TSP and Cement

• Cost analysis to be carried out for TSPC at optimum strength to know how much money and quantity of cement can be saved when cement is replaced by TSP.

• Further research has to be carried on the reasons for decreased workability, increased compressive strength and tensile strength up to 20% TSPOC and decreased compressive strength and tensile strength beyond 20% TSP.

• Tests to be carried out on the durability characteristics of TSPOC at optimum strength.

• Tests to be carried out on the high temperature effects of TSPOC at optimum strength.

• Tests to be carried out on the shrinkage and the creep properties of TSPOC at optimum strength.

• Cost analysis to be carried out for TSPOC at optimum strength to know how much money and quantity of cement can be saved when cement is replaced by TSP.

• Further research has to be carried on the reasons for increased compressive strength and tensile strength up to 20% TSPSC and decreased compressive strength and tensile strength beyond 20% TSPSC.

• Tests to be carried out on the durability characteristics of TSPSC at optimum strength.

• Tests to be carried out on the high temperature effects of TSPSC at optimum strength.

• Tests to be carried out on the shrinkage and the creep properties of TSPSC at optimum strength.

• Cost analysis to be carried out for TSPSC at optimum strength to know how much money and quantity of cement can be saved when cement is replaced by TSP.

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