Strength Characteristics of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete using Nano Silica

Strength Characteristics of Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete using Nano Silica

Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete

Parthiban P B, Suryaram S, Mahesh. M, Punamalai. A Department of Civil Engineering Kalasalingam University Virudhunagar, India.

AbstractHybridFiberReinforcedConcrete (HFRC)is formedfromacombination ofdifferenttypesoffibres,which differinmaterial properties,remain bondedtogetherwhen addedinconcreteandretaintheiridentitiesandproperties.

Thecombining offibers,oftencalledhybridization,is investigatedforaM60gradeconcreteatavolumefractionof 4%NanoSilca,Steel fiber(1,1.25,1.5%)andpolypropylene fiber(0.03,0.06,0.09%)inthisproject.Control andfourhybrid fibercomposites werecastusingdifferentfiberproportionsof steelandpolypropylene.Compressive strength,splittensile strengthandflexuralstrengthtest wereperformedandresults wereanalyzedtoassociatewithabove fibercombinations. Basedonexperimental studies,theprojectidentifiesfiber combinations thatdemonstrate maximumcompressive,split tensile andflexuralstrengthofconcrete.Inadditiontothe above,SEM imagesarepresented.

KeywordsFibre,Concrete,HybridFibre,NanoSilica

INTRODUCTION

Acompositecan betermedashybrid, iftwoormoretypesoffibresarerationallycombined ina commonmatrixtoproduceacomposite thatdrivesbenefits fromeachoftheindividuals fibresandexhibitsasynergetic response.Additionofshortdiscontinuous fibresplaysan importantroleintheimprovementofmechanicalpropertiesof Concrete.Itincreaseselasticmodulus; decreasesbrittleness controls cracksinitiationanditssubsequentgrowthand propagation. Deboningandpull outofthefibrerequiremore energyabsorption,resulting inasubstantial increaseinthe toughnessandfractureresistance ofthematerialstothe cyclic anddynamicloads.

1. HistoryofHFRC

   The concept of using fibres as reinforcement is not new. Fibreshavebeenusedasreinforcementsinceancient times. Historically,horsehairwasusedinmortar andstrawinmud bricks.Intheearly 1900s,asbestos fibreswereusedin concrete,therewasaneedtofindareplacement forthe asbestos used inthe concreteandotherbuildingmaterialsonce thehealth risksassociatedwiththesubstance werediscovered.

   Bythe 1960s,steel, glass,andsynthetic fibressuchas polypropylenefibreswereusedinconcrete, andresearchinto newfibre reinforced concretescontinuestoday.

2. AdvantagesofHybridFibreReinforcedConcrete

   1. Toprovide asysteminwhichone typeoffibre,thisis stronger and stiffer, improves the first cracks stress and ultimatestrength,andthesecondtypesoffibre,whichismore flexible,andductile leadstoimprovedtoughnessandstainin thepastcrackingzone.

   2. To provide hybridreinforcement inwhichone typeoffibre issmaller, sothatitbridgesthemicrocracksofwhichgrowth canbecontrolled. Thisleadstoahighertensile strengthofthe composite. Thesecondtypeoffibreislarger,sothatitarrests thepropagatingmicrocracksandcansubstantiallyimprove thetoughnessofthecomposite.

   3. Toprovideahybridreinforcement,inwhichthedurability offibretypeisdifferent.Thepresenceofthe durablefibrecan increasethestrength andtoughnessrelation after age whilethe othertypeistoguaranteetheshorttermperformance during transportationandinstallationofthecompositeelements.

3. ApplicationofHybrid FibreReinforcedConcrete HFRCcanbeusedinanykindofconstruction becauseofits unique Propertiesandalsoasitveryeasytoobtainhighrange ofstrengthvalues.Someofthepioneeringapplications areas follows

   • Bridges.

   • Tunnellinings.

   • Buildingcomponentslikecolumn.

   • Sandwichstructurelikesteelconcretestructure.

Thebenefitofhybridfibresinenhancing variouspropertiesof theHFRCinadditiontoNanosilicahasnotbeeninvestigated inthepast andhencetheeffectofhybridfibrescomprising of steel, PP fibres and Nano silica in the HFRC on the mechanical properties and flexural toughness of HFRC is beingexploredinthisresearch.Thus,themainobjectiveof

thisstudyistoinvestigate theeffectofsteel-PPhybridfibres andNanosilicainenhancing themechanicalproperties, flexuralstrengthofHybridFibre Reinforced Concrete(HFRC).

MATERIALPROPERTIES

1. Sieve analysistestfor Fineaggregate

   Sieve Size	Weight Retained (gms)	Cumulative weight retained	Cumulative % weight retained	% Finer
   4.75mm	26	26	2.6	97.4
   2.36mm	64	90	9.0	91
   1.18mm	177	267	26.7	73.3
   600µ	260	527	52.7	47.3
   300µ	385	912	91.2	8.8
   150µ	50	962	96.2	3.8
   Pan	38	1000	100	0

   Finenessmodulusofthefine aggregate= F/100

   = 378.4 /100=3.78

   FromIS:383-1970, Table4 (Pg no:11),FineAggregates,

   Grading Zone = II

2. SpecificGravityofFineAggregate

   W1= 660 g W2

   = 1858g W3 =

   2090g W4 =

   1365g

   Hence, SpecificGravity = 2.43

3. Sieveanalysistest forCoarseaggregate

   ISSieve Size	Weight retained	% Weight retained	%Weight passing	Cumulative Weight retained
   80mm	0	0	100	0
   40mm	0	0	100	0
   20mm	1.86	37.2	62.8	37.2
   10mm	1.62	32.4	67.6	69.6
   4.75mm	1.52	30.4	69.6	100
   2.36mm	0	0	100	100
   1.18mm	0	0	100	100
   600µ	0	0	100	100
   300µ	0	0	100	100
   150µ	0	0	100	100

   Finenessmodulusofthecoarse aggregate= F/100

   = 7.06

4. Specificgravityof coarseaggregate

   Emptyweightofthe container (A) = 3.59 kg

   Container+coarse aggregate (B) =7.09 kg Container+coarse aggregate+ water (C) =8.38 kg Container+water (D) = 6.1 kg Specificgravity = B-A/[(B-A)-(C-D)] Thespecific gravityofthe coarseaggregate is2.87

5. WaterAbsorption TestforCoarseAggregate

   1. Weightof emptybasket =572gms

   2. Weightofbasket+gravel=1472gms 3)Weightofbasket+wetgravel =1484gms 4)Weightofbasket+drygravel =1472gms CALCULATION

   Ww= (w2-w3)= (1484-1472)

   =12

   Ws= (w3-w1)=(1472-572)

   =900

   W= (Ww/ws)=(12/900)

   =0.010

   Waterabsorption = 1.0%

6. Specificgravity ofcement Emptyweightoftheflask W1=0.131 kg Borosil+ water W2= 0. 368 kg

   Borosil+ kerosene W3=0.318 kg Borosil+ kerosene+ cement W4=0.364 kg Eptyweightofthecement W5= 0.060 kg

   g =W3-W1/W2-W1

   =0.789

   G =W5/ (W5+W3-W4)× g =3.14.

7. FinenessofCement

   ISSieve	Weight retained(gms)	%Weight retained	%Finer
   90µ	4	4	96
   Pan	96	96	4

   % Finer= 4%

8. Consistency ofCement

   Water%	Water content	Readingin plunger
   24%	81.6	32
   26%	88.4	26
   28%	95.2	22
   30%	102	18
   32%	108.8	16
   34%	115.6	5

   Consistencylimit= 34%

9. SteelFibre Type:Hookedendsteelfibre AspectRatio= 50/1= 50

   Steelfibre

   0.67*101* 27 = 1826.3 lb/

   ;

10. PolypropyleneFibre

    Polypropylenefibre

11. PropertiesofNano silica

ACI MIXDESIGN

The most common method used in North America is thatestablishedbyACI RecommendedPractice211.1

1. Calculation

   1. Select theslumpandrequiredconcretestrength

      = = 11224.75 Psi

      ;

      = 77.4 Mpa

   2. Select themax sizeofaggregate¾ inch (or)19mm

   3. Selecttheoptimumcoarse aggregate

      =1083 kg/

   4. TakeWatercementratioas0.3

   5. Weightof cement

      AsperACI211.1Clause6.3.3pgno.8Select approx.mixingwaterandairrequirementis265lb/

      Testitem	Standard requirements	TestResults
      Specific Surface Area (M2/G)	200 +20	202
      pH Value	3.7 4.5	4. 12
      Loss on Drying@105 DEG.C(5)	<1.5	0. 47
      SieveResidue(5)	<0.04	0. 02
      TampedDensityg/L	40 60	44
      SiContent(%)	>99. 8	99. 88
      CARBON CONTENT(%)	<0.15	0. 06
      Chloride Content (%)	<0.0202	0. 009
      	<0.03	0. 005
      Ti	<0. 02	0. 004
      	<0. 003	0. 001
      ParticleSize	17 NANO

      Weightofcement= =885.33lb/ =525 kg/

   6. Volumeof coarse aggregate

      As perACI211.1-91 Table6.3.6

      For¾inchsizedaggregate&Finenessmodulusof Fine aggregate3.78 valueis0.64

      Coarse aggregatewilloccupy

      0.64*27

      TheODweightofCoarseaggregate, 18.26*100 =1826.26 lb/

   7. Proportionbasicmixturewith cementonly Cement= =4.503

Coarse Aggregate= = 10.19

Water= =4.25

Air= 0.02* 27 =0.54

19.48

27-19.48 = 7.52

7.52*62.4*2.43 =1140.27 lb/

Hence,the ratiois1:1.287:1.948

RESULTSANDDISCUSSION COMPRESSIVESTRENGTHOFCONCRETE

• TheCompressivestrengthofConventionalconcrete on7th dayis37.86Mpaanditisincreased54.95%on

  28thday.

• InadditiontoNanosilica4%totheConventional, thecompressivestrengthon7th dayis37.83Mpaand itisincreased53.31%on28th day.Ascomparedto conventional concrete,CompressiveStrength increased 3.09%on 28thday.

• The hybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1%Steel Fibre0.015%PolypropyleneFibre)inadditionto 4%Nanosilica,thecompressionstrengthofconcrete at the age of 7 days 37.92Mpa. It was increased 4.51%comparedtoconventionalconcreteattheage of28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybrid fibre compositionin additionto (1% Steel Fibre 0.03%Polypropylene Fibre)inaddition to4%Nanosilica,the compressionstrengthof concrete attheageof7days38.1Mpa.Itwas increased5.37%comparedtoconventionalconcrete atthe ageof28 daysrespectively.

• The hybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1%Steel Fibre0.04%PolypropyleneFibre)inadditionto 4%Nanosilica,thecompressionstrengthofconcrete at the age of 7 days 38.07Mpa. It was increased 6.34%comparedtoconventionalconcreteattheage of28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.25% Steel Fibre 0.015% Polypropylene Fibre) in addition to4%Nanosilica,thecompression strength ofconcrete attheageof7days38.6Mpa.Itwas increased7.74%comparedtoconventionalconcrete atthe ageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.25% Steel Fibre 0.03%Polypropylene Fibre)inaddition to4%Nanosilica,the compressionstrengthof concrete attheageof7days38.54Mpa.Itwas increased8.17%comparedtoconventionalconcrete atthe ageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.25% Steel Fibre 0.04%Polypropylene Fibre)inaddition to4%Nanosilica,the compressionstrengthof concrete at the age of 7 days 38.57Mpa. It was

  increased7.09%comparedtoconventionalconcrete attheageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.5% Steel Fibre 0.015% Polypropylene Fibre)in addition to4%Nanosilica,thecompressionstrength ofconcrete attheageof7days38.78Mpa.Itwas increased10.1%comparedtoconventionalconcrete attheageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.5% Steel Fibre0.03%PolypropyleneFibre)in addition to4%Nanosilica,thecompression strengthof concrete attheageof7days38.66Mpa.Itwas decreased3.95%comparedtoconventionalconcrete attheageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.5% Steel Fibre0.04%PolypropyleneFibre)in addition to4%Nanosilica,thecompression strengthof concrete attheageof7days38.78Mpa.Itwas decreased5.93%comparedtoconventionalconcrete attheageof28 daysrespectively.

  28thday

  7thday

  80

  70

  60

  50

  40

  30

  20

  10

  0

  Fig. Compressivestrengthofconcrete

  Standard

  Ns4

  S1P3

  S1P6

  S1P9

  S1.25P3

  S1.25P6

  S1.25P9

  S1.5P3

  S1.5P6

  S1.5P9

  SPLITTINGTENSILESTRENGTHOFCONCRETE

• The Splitting tensile strength of Conventional concreteon7th dayis4.29Mpaanditisincreased

  6.98%on 28thday.

• InadditionofNanosilica4%totheConventional, the Splitting tensile strengthon7th dayis4.2Mpaand itisincreased67.52%on28th day.Ascomparedto conventional concrete,SplittingtensileStrength increased1.5%on 28thday.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1% Steel Fibre0.015%PolypropyleneFibre)inadditionto 4% Nano silica, the splitting tensile strength of concrete at the age of 7 days 4.26Mpa. It was

  increased4.4%comparedtoconventional concreteat theageof28 daysrespectively.

• The hybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1%Steel Fibre0.03%PolypropyleneFibre)inadditionto 4%Nanosilica,the Splitting tensile strengthof concrete attheageof7days4.35Mpa.Itwas increased4.88%comparedtoconventionalconcrete atthe ageof28 daysrespectively.

• The hybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1%Steel Fibre0.04%PolypropyleneFibre)inadditionto 4% Nano silica, the splitting tensile strength of concrete at the age o 7 days 4.41Mpa. It was increased5.37%comparedtoconventionalconcrete atthe ageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.25%Steel Fibre 0.015% Polypropylene Fibre) in addition to4%Nanosilica,thesplitting tensile strengthofconcreteattheageof7days4.5Mpa.It wasincreased6.82%compared toconventional concreteattheageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.25% Steel Fibre 0.03%Polypropylene Fibre)inaddition to4%Nanosilica,thesplittingtensile strengthof concrete attheageof7days4.56Mpa.Itwas increased7.78%comparedtoconventionalconcrete atthe ageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.25% Steel Fibre 0.04%Polypropylene Fibre)inaddition to4%Nanosilica,thesplittingtensile strengthof concrete attheageof7days4.59Mpa.Itwas increased8.27%comparedtoconventionalconcrete atthe ageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.5% Steel Fibre 0.015% Polypropylene Fibre) in addition to4%Nanosilica,thesplitting tensile strengthofconcrete attheageof7days4.64Mpa.It wasincreased11.17%compared toconventional concreteattheageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.5% Steel Fibre 0.03%Polypropylene Fibre)inaddition to4%Nanosilica,thesplittingtensile strengthof concrete attheageof7days4.65Mpa.Itwas increased14.07%comparedtoconventional concrete atthe ageof28 daysrespectively.

• The hybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1%Steel Fibre0.04%PolypropyleneFibre)inadditionto

  4%Nanosilica,thesplitting tensilestrengthof concrete attheageof7days4.67Mpa.Itwas increased15.52%comparedtoconventionalconcrete attheageof28 daysrespectively.

  28thday

  S1.25P3

  S1.25P6

  S1.25P9

  Fig. Splittingtensilestrengthof concrete

  8

  6

  4

  2

  0

  7thday

  Standard

  Ns4

  S1P3

  S1P6

  S1P9

  S1.5P3

  S1.5P6

  S1.5P9

  FLEXURALSTRENGTHOFCONCRETE

• TheFlexuralstrengthofConventionalconcreteon 7th dayis2.75Mpaanditisincreased51.69%on28th day.

• InadditionofNanosilica4%totheConventional, the Flexuralstrengthon7th dayis2.875Mpaanditis increased 51.16%on28th day.Ascompared to conventional concrete, Flexural Strength increased

  5.63%on 28thday.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1% Steel Fibre0.015%PolypropyleneFibre)inadditionto 4%Nanosilica,theflexuralstrengthofconcreteat the ageof7days3.22Mpa.Itwasincreased22.06% comparedtoconventionalconcreteattheageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1% Steel Fibre0.03%PolypropyleneFibre)inadditionto 4%Nanosilica,theflexuralstrengthofconcreteat the ageof7days3.25Mpa.Itwasincreased25.35% comparedtoconventionalconcreteattheageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1% Steel Fibre0.04%PolypropyleneFibre)inadditionto 4%Nanosilica,theflexuralstrengthofconcreteat the ageof7days3.27Mpa.Itwasincreased26.76% comparedtoconventionalconcreteattheageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.25% Steel Fibre 0.015% Polypropylene Fibre) in

  addition to4%Nanosilica,theflexuralstrengthof concrete attheageof7days3.45Mpa.Itwas increased35.21%comparedtoconventional concrete atthe ageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.25% Steel Fibre 0.03%Polypropylene Fibre)inaddition to4%Nanosilica,theflexuralstrengthofconcrete at theageof7days3.5Mpa.Itwasincreased37.08% comparedtoconventionalconcreteattheageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.25% Steel Fibre 0.04%Polypropylene Fibre)inaddition to4%Nanosilica,theflexuralstrengthofconcrete at the ageof7days3.55Mpa.Itwasincreased39.09% comparedtoconventionalconcreteattheageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.5% Steel Fibre 0.015% Polypropylene Fibre) in addition to4%Nanosilica,theflexuralstrengthof concrete attheageof7days3.85Mpa.Itwas increased49.29%comparedtoconventional concrete atthe ageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.5% Steel Fibre 0.03%Polypropylene Fibre)inaddition to4%Nanosilica,theflexuralstrengthofconcrete at theageof7days3.9Mpa.Itwasincreased54.46% comparedtoconventionalconcreteattheageof28 daysrespectively.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.5% Steel Fibre 0.04%Polypropylene Fibre)inaddition to4%Nanosilica,theflexuralstrengthofconcrete at the ageof7days3.92Mpa.Itwasincreased55.86% comparedtoconventionalconcreteattheageof28 daysrespectively.

  Standard

  Ns4

  S1P3

  S1P6

  S1P9

  S1.25P3

  S1.25P6

  S1.25P9

  S1.5P3

  S1.5P6

  Fig. Flexuralstrengthofconcrete

  10

  8

  6

  4

  2

  0

  7thday

  28thday

  CONCLUSION

  COMPRESSIVESTRENGTH

• Compressivestrengthattainsmaximum atadditionof 4%of Nanosilica, 1.5%SteelFibresand0.01% Polypropylene fibrestotheM60 grade concrete.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.5% Steel Fibre 0.015% Polypropylene Fibre)in addition to4%Nanosilica,thecompressionstrength ofconcrete attheageof7days38.78Mpa.Itwas increased10.1%comparedtoconventionalconcrete attheageof28 daysrespectively.

  SPLITTINGTENSILESTRENGTH

• Splittingtensilestrengthattainsmaximumataddition of4%ofNanosilica,1.5%SteelFibresand0.04% Polypropylene fibrestotheM60 grade concrete.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1% Steel Fibre0.04%PolypropyleneFibre)inadditionto 4%Nanosilica,thesplitting tensilestrengthof concrete attheageof7days4.67Mpa.Itwas increased15.52%comparedtoconventionalconcrete attheageof28 daysrespectively.

  FLEXURALSTRENGTH

• Flexuralstrengthattainsmaximumatadditionof4% of Nano silica, 1.5% Steel Fibres and 0.04% Polypropylene fibrestotheM60 grade concrete.

• Thehybridfibrecompositioninadditionto(1.5% Steel Fibre0.04%PolypropyleneFibre)in addition to4%Nanosilica,theflexuralstrengthofconcrete at the ageof7days3.92Mpa.Itwasincreased55.86% comparedtoconventionalconcreteattheageof28 daysrespectively.

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